Subject(s)
Cause of Death , Cyclonic Storms/mortality , Disasters/statistics & numerical data , Research Design , Africa/epidemiology , Animals , Armed Conflicts/statistics & numerical data , Death Certificates , Earthquakes/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Iraq/epidemiology , Puerto Rico/epidemiology , Starvation/epidemiology , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Previous studies found famine exposure was associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In the study, we investigated the relationship between Chinese famine exposure and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from subjects via routine physical examinations in the Public Health Center of our hospital between 2011 and 2014. Women were categorized into the following three groups: control, prenatally exposed, and postnatally exposed. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed according to the guidelines established for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of NAFLD among non-exposed, prenatally, and postnatally exposed women were 17.3, 23.0, and 22.9%, respectively. Pre-exposed and postnatally exposed women had higher risks of NAFLD, exhibiting ORs (95% CI) of 1.33 (1.04-1.70) and 1.26 (1.03-1.55), respectively. Prenatally, but not postnatally, exposed women had significantly higher risks of having abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), with ORs of 1.30 (1.05-1.61). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a significant association between famine exposure in early life and the risk of NAFLD in adult women. Prenatally exposed women displayed higher risks of NAFLD and mild, moderate and severe steatosis.
Subject(s)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Starvation/epidemiology , Age Factors , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Chi-Square Distribution , China/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Middle Aged , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis , Odds Ratio , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Cold Climate/adverse effects , Disasters/prevention & control , Disasters/statistics & numerical data , Models, Theoretical , Nuclear Warfare/prevention & control , Nuclear Weapons/legislation & jurisprudence , Nuclear Weapons/statistics & numerical data , Animals , Cuba , Fires/prevention & control , Fires/statistics & numerical data , Humans , International Cooperation/legislation & jurisprudence , Nuclear Warfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Plant Development , Public Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Smoke/adverse effects , Smoke/prevention & control , Starvation/epidemiology , Starvation/etiologySubject(s)
Government Programs/methods , Hunger , Poverty/prevention & control , Starvation/prevention & control , Brazil , Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data , Global Health , Humans , Poverty/statistics & numerical data , Starvation/epidemiology , United Nations/organization & administrationABSTRACT
The plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes late blight, a devastating disease on potato that led to the Irish potato famine during 1845-1847. The disease is considered a reemerging problem and still causes major epidemics on both potato and tomato crops worldwide. Theories on the origin of the disease based on an examination of the genetic diversity and structure of P. infestans populations and use of historic specimens to understand modern day epidemics are discussed.