Family refusal of skin donation for transplantation: trends and associated factors.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the trends and factors associated with family refusal of skin donation for transplantation. METHODS: this cross-sectional study was conducted in the State of São Paulo, with family authorization terms collected from 2001 to 2020. The variables analyzed included year, age, gender, cause of death, and type of institution. Data were analyzed using linear and multiple logistic regression, with the Odds Ratio estimated at p<0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS: 1,355 individuals refused skin donation. The trend of refusals decreased between 2001 and 2009 in the age groups of 0-11 years and 12-19 years, but increased in the group aged ≥60 years. This trend continued to decrease in the 0-11 years group from 2010 to 2020, and increased in the 20-40 years group. Males and the age groups of 20-40 years, 41-59 years, and ≥60 years exhibited 27%, 34%, 47%, and 53% lower chances of refusal, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: there is an urgent need for measures to mitigate the high number of refusals associated with skin donation.

Estatística geral de doação e transplantes de orgãos - Goiás - 2024 (janeiro a junho) / General statistics on organ donation and transplants - Goiás - 2024 (January to June)

Estatística geral de doação e transplantes de orgãos - Goiás, que tem como objetivo transcrever em números os resultados de todo o trabalho executado pela Gerência de Transplantes em Goiás

General statistics on organ donation and transplants - Goiás aims to transcribe into numbers the results of all the work carried out by the Transplant Management in Goiás

Impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 na doação de córnea e atuação do Banco de Olhos na Região da Zona da Mata Mineira / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cornea donation and Eye Bank operation in the Zona da Mata Mineira Region

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 nas doações de córnea e na atuação de um banco de olhos na região da Zona da Mata Mineira. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de prontuários de todas as doações obtidas pelo Banco de Olhos Hospital Regional Dr. João Penido, de Juiz de Fora (MG), entre 2017 e 2022, comparando-se os períodos pré (janeiro de 2017 a 11 de março de 2020) e pós-pandemia (12 de março de 2020 a dezembro de 2022). Resultados: Verificou-se uma redução nas doações de córnea e no número de tecidos corneanos liberados para transplantes no período pós pandemia, 68,2 e 67,3% respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatística no sexo, idade média, causa básica de óbito dos doadores, nos números de globos oculares não preservados e de córneas não preservadas entre os períodos pré e pós-pandemia. As taxas de liberação de córneas preservadas e aproveitamento das doações foram maiores no período pós-pandemia: 86,5 versus 79,0% e 68,1 versus 63,0%, respectivamente. O número de tecidos corneanos liberados para transplantes óptico e tectônico foram estatisticamente maiores no período pré-pandemia (p<0,001). Conclusão: A pandemia da COVID-19 impactou negativamente nas doações de córnea e na atuação do banco de olhos na região da Zona da Mata Mineira.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on corneal donations and the operation of the eye bank in the Zona da Mata Mineira Region. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of all donations obtained by the Banco de Olhos Hospital Regional Dr. João Penido/FHEMIG, Juiz de Fora - MG between 2017 and 2022, comparing pre (January/2017 - March 11/2020) and post-pandemic (12/March/2020 - December/2022) periods. Results: There was a reduction in cornea donations and the number of corneal tissues released for transplants in the post-pandemic period, 68.2% and 67.3%, respectively. There was no statistical difference in gender, average age, basic cause of death of donors, in the number of non-preserved eyeballs and non-preserved corneas between the pre- and post-pandemic periods. The rates of release of preserved corneas and use of donations were higher in the post-pandemic period, 86.5% vs 79.0%, and 68.1% vs 63.0%, respectively. The number of corneal tissues released for optical and tectonic transplants were statistically higher in the pre-pandemic period (P<0.001). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on cornea donations and the eye bank's operations in the Zona da Mata Mineira region.

Caracterização epidemiológica e causas da não doação por potenciais doadores de órgãos em morte encefálica / Epidemiological characterization and causes of non-donation by potential brain-dead organ donors / Caracterización epidemiológica y causas de la no donación de potenciales donantes de órganos en muerte cerebral

Objetivo: analisar as características epidemiológicas e causas da não efetivação do processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos de potenciais doadores em morte encefálica. Método: estudo transversal, com dados secundários do ano de 2019, obtidos de formulários de notificação de morte encefálica de pacientes com idade igual e superior a 18 anos, analisados descritiva e inferencialmente, após aprovação pelo comitê de ética. Resultados: notificadas 231 mortes encefálicas, com maior incidência de pessoas do sexo masculino, idade média de 48 anos e notificações dos hospitais públicos. Em Campo Grande, Mato grosso do Sul, observou-se maior número de notificações e o menor tempo entre a notificação e o primeiro exame clínico (RR: 4,01; IC 2,17-7,41; p<0,001). Entre os casos de não doação, 75,8% ocorreram por contraindicação médica e recusa familiar. Conclusão: houve predomínio de adultos jovens, não doadores de órgãos, cuja negativa da família deu-se pela vontade de manter o corpo íntegro.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and causes of non-completion of the organ and tissue donation process from potential brain-dead donors. Method: cross-sectional study, with secondary data from 2019, obtained from brain death notification forms of patients aged 18 years and over, analyzed descriptively and inferentially, after approval by the ethics committee. Results: 231 brain deaths were reported, with a higher incidence of males, average age of 48 years and notifications from public hospitals. In Campo Grande, Mato grosso do Sul, Brazil, there was a greater number of notifications and a shorter time between notification and the first clinical examination (RR: 4.01; CI 2.17-7.41; p<0.001). Among cases of non-donation, 75.8% occurred due to medical contraindication and family refusal. Conclusion: there was a predominance of young adults, non-organ donors, whose family's refusal was due to the desire to keep the body intact(AU)

Objetivo: analizar las características epidemiológicas y las causas de la no finalización del proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos de potenciales donantes en muerte cerebral. Método: estudio transversal, con datos secundarios del año 2019, obtenidos de formularios de notificación de muerte encefálica de pacientes de 18 años y más, analizados de manera descriptiva e inferencial, previa aprobación del comité de ética. Resultados: Se reportaron 231 muertes encefálicas, con mayor incidencia de hombres, edad promedio de 48 años y notificaciones de los hospitales públicos. En Campo Grande, Mato grosso do Sul, hubo mayor número de notificaciones y menor tiempo entre la notificación y el primer examen clínico (RR: 4,01; IC 2,17-7,41; p<0,001). Entre los casos de no donación, el 75,8% se produjo por contraindicación médica y negativa familiar. Conclusión: hubo predominio de adultos jóvenes, no donantes de órganos, cuya negativa familiar se debió al deseo de mantener el cuerpo íntegro(AU)

Estatística geral de doação de orgãos - Goiás - 2023 (Janeiro a julho) / General organ donation statistics - Goiás - 2023 (January to July)

Estatística geral de doação de orgãos e transplantes de orgãos - Goiás tem como objetivo transcrever em números os resultados de todo o trabalho executado pela Gerência de Transplantes em Goiás

General statistics of organ donation and organ transplants - Goiás aims to transcribe in numbers the results of all the work carried out by the Transplant Management in Goiás

Increasing Living Donor Liver Transplantation Using Liver Paired Exchange.

BACKGROUND: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) continues to be the primary modality of liver transplantation in Asia, but it accounts for about 5% of all liver transplantations in the US. ABO incompatibility is the primary reason motivated donors are declined. Although kidney paired exchanges are common, liver paired exchange (LPE) is still evolving in the US. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective review (between January 1, 2019, and July 31, 2021) of our initial experience with LPE. RESULTS: A total of 10 LPEs (20 LDLTs) were performed during the study period. Seven LPEs were initiated by a nondirected O donor. The other 3 pair sets involved 1 ABO compatible and 1 ABO incompatible pair. Transplantations in a pair set were completed within a mean of 4.8 (range 1-14) days of each other. All 20 donors are doing well with no major complications at 12.7 (range 1-20) months. Seventeen of 20 recipients are alive and have good allograft function. One recipient died in the early postoperative period. Two late deaths of patients with functioning allografts were due to COVID-19 (at 8 months) and peritoneal carcinomatosis and gram-negative sepsis (at 9 months). CONCLUSIONS: LPE is feasible in a high-volume LDLT center and is a useful option to increase LDLT by overcoming ABO incompatibility. Nondirected donors can be utilized to initiate an LPE.

Análise situacional dos transplantes em Goiás / Situational analysis of transplants in Goiás

Esta Análise Situacional dos Transplantes em Goiás mostra tudo que está relacionado às modalidades de transplantes feitas no Estado, além de toda a estatística dos transplantes no período pré-pandemia/pandemia, entre os anos de 2019 e 2021. São dados extremamente importantes que mostram toda a evolução do sistema de transplantes em Goiás, com números, gráficos compara-vos e planilhas, e expondo, também, a sua estrutura organizacional

This Situational Analysis of Transplants in Goiás shows everything related to the modalities of transplants made in the state, in addition to all the statistics of transplants in the pre-pandemic/pandemic period, between the years 2019 and 2021. These are extremely important data that show all the evolution of the transplant system in Goiás, with numbers, comparative charts and spreadsheets, and also exposing its organizational structure

Perfil socioclínico de pacientes submetidos a transplante de córnea em hospital de referência / Socioclinical profile of patients submitted to corneal transplantation in a reference hospital

RESUMO Objetivo conhecer o perfil clínico e cirúrgico de pacientes que realizaram ceratoplastia em um hospital universitário. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico, do tipo transversal. Foram avaliadas as fichas de descrição cirúrgica dos prontuários dos pacientes transplantados nos anos de 2019 e 2020, a fim de analisar dados sociais e clínicos. Os dados foram tratados por meio do programa Microsoft Office Excel 2017. As variáveis numéricas foram analisadas com auxílio da estatística descritiva no programa Bioestat versão 5.3 (frequência, porcentagem, média). As informações descritivas foram analisadas qualitativamente. Resultados Foram realizados 167 procedimentos nesse período, notando-se faixa etária média de 45 anos, indivíduos do sexo masculino, receptores de tecidos doados no Pará ou provenientes do Estado do Ceará. Os transplantes foram majoritariamente ópticos, eletivos, com botão corneano doador em média de 8mm e receptor de 7,5mm. Quanto às indicações, a maioria era decorrente de distrofias corneanas, seguidas de leucoma e perfuração do globo ocular, com predominância da técnica cirúrgica penetrante, sutura interrompida e anestesia local. Conclusão O conhecimento desses dados é importante para considerar que o perfil clínico e cirúrgico dos pacientes do hospital estudado se aproxima da realidade nacional, sobretudo na indicação clínica.

ABSTRACT Objective to investigate the clinical and surgical profile of patients who performed keratoplasty in a university hospital. Methods It is a cross-sectional, observational study. The surgical description from the medical records of transplanted patients in the years 2019 and 2020 was assessed to analyze social and clinical data. Data were processed using the Microsoft Office Excel 2017 program. Numerical variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the Bioestat program version 5.3. Descriptive information was analyzed qualitatively. Results 167 procedures were performed in this period, with an average age of 45 years old, male individuals, recipients of tissue donated in Pará or sent from the State of Ceará. Transplants were mostly optic, elective, with an average corneal donor button of 8mm and recipient of 7.5mm. As for the indications, most were due to corneal dystrophies, followed by leukoma and perforation of the eyeball, with a predominance of the penetrating surgical technique, interrupted suture, and local anesthesia. Conclusion The knowledge of these data is important to consider that the clinical and surgical profile of patients in the hospital studied is close to the national reality, especially in clinical indication.

Epidemiology of corneal transplantation before achieving the Zero Queue / Epidemiologia do transplante de córnea antes de atingir a Fila Zero

ABSTRACT Objective: To outline the epidemiological profile of cornea donors and recipients before reaching queue zero. Methods: Epidemiological study, of quantitative approach, with transversal, analytical design, analyzing database records from the Health Secretary of the State of Ceará, from 2013 to 2015. Results: We obtained 1,558 cornea donors and 2,287 cornea recipients from 2013 to 2015. Most donors were male, capital residents, from 21 to 40 years old. Of donated eyeballs, 14.52% were disposed, due to poor condition, infiltration or positive serology. The recipients were predominantly women over 60 years old. The procedures were mostly elective, due to bullous keratopathy (28%). Regarding emergency transplants, ulcer (38.51%) and retransplant (35.14%) were most prevalent. Predominantly, transplants were funded by the Unified Health System. Conclusion: The majority of patients who were submitted to corneal transplantation are senile, especially females, therefore should be cautiously observed. On the other hand, donors are mainly male and young, reflecting the high number of tragic accidents. The surgery for bullous keratopathy is the most frequent among elective transplants, while the ulcer surgery is the main cause of emergency procedures. The fact that most surgeries were financed by the Unified Health System reflects the importance of this system.

RESUMO Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos doadores e receptores de córnea antes de atingir a Fila Zero. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, de abordagem quantitativa, com delineamento transversal e analítico, analisando registros da base de dados da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Ceará, de 2013 a 2015. Resultados: Foram obtidos 1.558 doadores de córnea e 2.287 receptores de córnea, de 2013 a 2015. A maioria dos doadores era homem, procedente da capital, de 21 a 40 anos. Dentre os globos oculares doados, 14,52% foram descartados por má condição, infiltração ou sorologia positiva. Os receptores eram predominantemente mulheres acima de 60 anos de idade. Os procedimentos foram majoritariamente eletivos, devido à ceratopatia bolhosa (28%). Já para transplantes de emergência, a úlcera (38,51%) e o retransplante (35,14%) foram os mais prevalentes. Em geral, os transplantes foram custeados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes submetidos a transplantes de córnea foram do grupo etário senil, principalmente do sexo feminino, devendo esse grupo ser observado com cautela. Em contrapartida, os doadores eram, principalmente, homens e jovens, refletindo o alto número de pessoas que morrem devido a acidentes trágicos. A cirurgia de ceratopatia bolhosa foi a mais frequente dentre os transplantes eletivos; já a de úlcera foi a principal causa dos procedimentos de emergência. O fato de a maioria das cirurgias ter sido financiada pelo Sistema Único de Saúde reflete a importância desse sistema.

Impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre transplantes de córnea / Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on corneal transplantations

RESUMO Objetivo: Tendo em vista que o sistema visual representa uma via de contaminação para o novo Corona vírus, a The Global Alliance of Eye Bank Association (GAEBA) divulgou um guideline preconizando a prevenção de transmissão do vírus entre o doadores de tecido ocular e o pacientes receptores, o que resultou em uma diminuição no número de ceratoplastias e aumento de filas de espera para transplantes de córnea (TC) em todo o mundo. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a situação do transplante de córnea (TC) no estado de Alagoas durante o primeiro ano de pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo analítico, transversal, observacional utilizando dados provenientes de 3 fontes diferentes: Banco de Tecido Ocular Humano de Alagoas (BTO-AL), Registro Brasileiro de Transplantes (RBT) e Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Resultados: Durante os últimos seis anos, foram realizados 284 TCs em Alagoas, segundo dados do Banco de Transplante de Olhos do estado (BTO), já segundo a Registro Brasileiro de Transplantes (RBT) foram realizados 451 TCs. A porcentagem de córneas não oriundas do BTO de Alagoas se mostrou crescente até 2019, porém decresceu em 2020, e no primeiro ano de pandemia , apenas 11,66% da necessidade anual estimada foi atendida, sendo o período com menor número de TCs realizados entre os seis anos analisados na pesquisa. Conclusão: O estudo demonstra o declínio na doação e realização de transplantes de córnea durante o primeiro ano da pandemia da COVID-19 em Alagoas.

ABSTRACT Objective: Considering the visual system is one source of contamination for the new coronavirus, The Global Alliance of Eye Bank Association (GAEBA) released a guideline recommending prevention of virus transmission between eye tissue donors and recipients, which resulted in a reduction of keratoplasties and increase in the waiting lists for corneal transplants worldwide. Hence, this work aims to analyze the situation of corneal transplantation in the state of Alagoas, during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is an analytical, cross-sectional, observational study using data from 3 different sources: Human Eye Tissue Bank of Alagoas (BTO-AL), Brazilian Transplant Registry (RBT) and National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Results: During the past six years, 284 corneal transplants were performed in Alagoas, according to data from the Eye Transplant Bank (BTO) of the state, whereas according to the Brazilian Transplant Registry (RBT) 451 corneal transplants were performed. The percentage of corneas not coming from the BTO of Alagoas increased until 2019 but dropped in 2020. In the first year of the pandemic, only 11.66% of estimated annual need was met, and this period had the lowest number of corneal transplants performed out of the six years analyzed in the research. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the decline in donation and performance of corneal transplants during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alagoas.

A machine learning prediction model for waiting time to kidney transplant.

BACKGROUND: Predicting waiting time for a deceased donor kidney transplant can help patients and clinicians to discuss management and contribute to a more efficient use of resources. This study aimed at developing a predictor model to estimate time on a kidney transplant waiting list using a machine learning approach. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study including data of patients registered, between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2017, in the waiting list of São Paulo State Organ Allocation System (SP-OAS) /Brazil. Data were randomly divided into two groups: 75% for training and 25% for testing. A Cox regression model was fitted with deceased donor transplant as the outcome. Sensitivity analyses were performed using different Cox models. Cox hazard ratios were used to develop the risk-prediction equations. RESULTS: Of 54,055 records retrieved, 48,153 registries were included in the final analysis. During the study period, approximately 1/3 of the patients were transplanted with a deceased donor. The major characteristics associated with changes in the likelihood of transplantation were age, subregion, cPRA, and frequency of HLA-DR, -B and -A. The model developed was able to predict waiting time with good agreement in internal validation (c-index = 0.70). CONCLUSION: The kidney transplant waiting time calculator developed shows good predictive performance and provides information that may be valuable in assisting candidates and their providers. Moreover, it can significantly improve the use of economic resources and the management of patient care before transplant.

Trend of transplants and organ and tissue donations in Brazil: a time series analysis.

OBJECTIVES: to indentify the time trend of rates of organs and tissues effective donors, of reports and types of transplanted organs per million people of the Brazilian population. METHODS: ecological study, of time series, about reports of organ donations and on transplants. The data were provided by the Registro Brasileiro de Transplantes and analyzed using polynomial regression. RESULTS: an increasing trend was found for potential donors and effective donors, with an average increase of 2.33 and 0.92 per year, respectively. The South Region had the highest rate of potential donors (83.8) and effective donors (34.1) and the North Region, the lowest rate (20.2 and 3.9). The family refusal was the main obstacle to accomplish the donation. CONCLUSIONS: the results show an increasing trend of potential donors and effective donors throughout Brazil, with emphasis on the southern region of the country. Among the main reasons for non-donation, it is worth emphasizing family refusal and medical contraindication prescription.

Waitlist mortality and transplant free survival in Hispanic patients listed for liver transplant using the UNOS database.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: After the implementation of "Share 35", several concerns arose such as the potential to increase travel distance, costs, and decreased liver availability. These elements could have a negative impact on waitlist outcomes among ethnic minorities. We aimed to determine waitlist survival after the implementation of the Share 35 policy in non-Hispanic white and Hispanic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics who were listed for liver transplantation from June 18th, 2013 to June 18, 2018. We excluded pediatric patients, patients with acute hepatic necrosis, re-transplants, multiorgan transplant, living donor, and exception cases. The primary outcome was death or removal from the waitlist due to clinical deterioration. We used competing risk analysis to compare waitlist survival between the two groups. RESULTS: There were 23,340 non-Hispanic whites and 4938 Hispanics listed for transplant. On competing risk analysis, Hispanic patients had a higher risk of being removed from the waitlist for death or clinical deterioration compared to their counterpart (SHR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13-1.34; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: After the implementation of Share 35, disparities are still present and continue to negatively impact outcomes in minority populations especially Hispanic patients.

Increased access to liver transplantation for patients with acute on chronic liver failure after implementation of Share 35 Rule: An analysis from the UNOS database.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF), leads to high mortality. These patients are at risk of being delisted for liver transplantation (LT). Emerging data shows 1y post-transplant survival of 80-92%. The Share 35 (S35) policy was implemented to prioritize patients with MELD ≥35 on the LT waitlist. Our aim was to compare the LT outcomes of ACLF patients as a result of S35. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from the UNOS scientific registry were used to classify ACLF patients using the NACSELD criteria. For the analyses, data were divided into two eras; 2 years before S35 (Era 1) and 2 years after S35 (Era 2). Waitlist status was classified into categories: Transplanted, Death or Too Sick to Transplant and Still Waiting/Other. LT cumulative incidence between the populations in the eras was calculated using Fine and Gray's method. A proportional hazards model was used to investigate the era effect on cumulative incidence of LT. RESULTS: 46,861 patients were reviewed, of which 817 had ACLF. 366 patients (mean MELD: 37.1) were identified in Era 1 and 451 patients (mean MELD: 37.3) in Era 2. We found that ACLF patients were more likely to receive a liver transplant in Era 2 (p=0.0074). In both eras, transplanted patients had a significantly higher survival than those who were not transplanted (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that S35 improved LT rate for ACLF suggesting that there should be broader recognition of ACLF and early transplantation should be pursued.

Declínio nas doações e transplantes de órgãos no Ceará durante a pandemia da COVID-19: estudo descritivo, abril a junho de 2020 / Disminución de donaciones y trasplantes de órganos en Ceará durante la pandemia COVID-19: un estudio descriptivo, abril - junio de 2020 / Fall in organ donations and transplants in Ceará in the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study, April - June 2020

Objetivo Descrever as doações e os transplantes de órgãos no Ceará, Brasil, após a declaração da pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos Estudo descritivo, com dados da Associação Brasileira de Transplantes de Órgãos. O número de doadores e transplantes do período de abril a junho de 2020 foi comparado ao mesmo período de 2019 e ao primeiro trimestre de 2020. Resultados No primeiro semestre de 2020, o estado registrou 72 doadores efetivos. Destes, 17 (23,6%) no segundo trimestre. Dos 352 transplantes do primeiro semestre de 2020, 37 (10,7%) foram realizados no segundo trimestre. Em comparação ao período de abril a junho de 2019, houve redução de 67,9% e 89,3% no número de doadores e transplantes, respectivamente, no mesmo período de 2020. Conclusão Os números de doadores e transplantes do Ceará apresentaram importante declínio nos três meses seguintes ao decreto da pandemia da COVID-19, especialmente os das modalidades de rim, coração e córneas.

Objetivo Describir las donaciones y trasplantes de órganos en Ceará, Brasil, después de la declaración de la pandemia COVID-19. Métodos estudio descriptivo con datos de la Asociación Brasileña de Trasplantes de Órganos. Se comparó el número de donantes y trasplantes de abril a junio de 2020 con el mismo período de 2019 y el primer trimestre de 2020. Resultados El primer semestre de 2020, Ceará registró 72 donantes efectivos. De estos, 17 (23,6%) en el segundo trimestre. De 352 trasplantes realizados en el primer semestre de 2020, 37 (10.7%) fueron realizados en el segundo trimestre. En comparación al período de abril a junio de 2019, hubo reducción de 67,9% y 89,3% en el número de donantes y trasplantes, respectivamente, en el mismo período de 2020. Conclusión El número de donantes y trasplantes en Ceará mostró importante disminución en los tres meses siguientes al decreto pandémico COVID-19, especialmente las modalidades renal, cardíaca y córneas.

Objective To describe organ donations and transplants in Ceará state, Brazil, following the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was a descriptive study using data from the Brazilian Organ Transplantation Association. The number of donors and transplants from April to June 2020 was compared to the same period in 2019 and to the first quarter of 2020. Results In the first half of 2020, the state registered 72 effective donors, just 17 (23.6%) of whom related to the second quarter. Of the 352 transplants in the first half of 2020, 37 (10.7%) were performed in the second quarter. Compared with the period from April to June 2019, there was a reduction of 67.9% and 89.3% in the number of donors and transplants, respectively, in the same period of 2020. Conclusion The number of donors and transplants in Ceará showed an important fall in the three months following the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for kidney, heart and cornea transplants.

Fall in organ donations and transplants in Ceará in the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study, April - June 2020. / Declínio nas doações e transplantes de órgãos no Ceará durante a pandemia da COVID-19: estudo descritivo, abril a junho de 2020.

OBJECTIVE: To describe organ donations and transplants in Ceará state, Brazil, following the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This was a descriptive study using data from the Brazilian Organ Transplantation Association. The number of donors and transplants from April to June 2020 was compared to the same period in 2019 and to the first quarter of 2020. RESULTS: In the first half of 2020, the state registered 72 effective donors, just 17 (23.6%) of whom related to the second quarter. Of the 352 transplants in the first half of 2020, 37 (10.7%) were performed in the second quarter. Compared with the period from April to June 2019, there was a reduction of 67.9% and 89.3% in the number of donors and transplants, respectively, in the same period of 2020. CONCLUSION: The number of donors and transplants in Ceará showed an important fall in the three months following the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for kidney, heart and cornea transplants.

Retrospective analysis of the apnea test and ancillary test in determining brain death. / Análise retrospectiva do teste de apneia e exames complementares na determinação de morte cerebral.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the frequency of apnea tests, and the use of ancillary tests in the diagnosis of brain death in our hospital, as well as the reasons for not being able to perform apnea testing and the reasons for using ancillary tests. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the files of patients diagnosed with brain death between 2012 - 2018 were examined. The preferred test was determined if an ancillary test was performed in the diagnosis of brain death. The rate and frequency of use of these tests were analyzed. RESULTS: During the diagnosis of brain death, an apnea test was performed on 104 (61.5%) patients and was not or could not be performed on 65 (38.5%) patients. Ancillary tests were performed on 139 (82.8%) of the patients. The most common ancillary test was computed tomography angiography (79 patients, 46.7%). Approval for organ donation was received in the meetings with the family following the diagnosis of brain death for 55 (32.5%) of the 169 patients. CONCLUSION: We found an increase in the rate of incomplete apnea tests and concordantly, an increase in the use of ancillary tests in recent years. Ancillary tests should be performed on patients when there is difficulty in reaching a decision of brain death, but it should not be forgotten that there is no worldwide consensus on the use of ancillary tests.

OBJETIVO: Investigamos a frequência dos testes de apneia e o uso de exames complementares para o diagnóstico de morte cerebral em nosso hospital, assim como as razões para a não realização do teste de apneia e para utilização de exames complementares. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo retrospectivo, examinaram-se os arquivos de pacientes com diagnóstico de morte cerebral entre 2012 e 2018. O exame preferido foi determinado quando um exame complementar foi realizado para o diagnóstico de morte cerebral. Analisaram-se a taxa e a frequência de uso desses exames. RESULTADOS: Durante o diagnóstico de morte cerebral, o teste de apneia foi realizado em 104 (61,5%) pacientes, e não foi ou não pôde ser realizado em 65 (38,5%) deles. Realizaram-se exames complementares em 139 (82,8%) pacientes. O exame complementar mais comumente utilizado foi a angiografia por tomografia computadorizada (79 pacientes, 46,7%). Foi recebida aprovação para doação de órgãos nas reuniões com familiares após o diagnóstico de morte cerebral para 55 (32,5%) dos 169 pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Nos anos mais recentes, identificamos aumento na taxa de testes de apneia incompletos e, concordantemente, elevação no uso de exames complementares. Os exames complementares devem ser utilizados nos pacientes quando há dificuldade para chegar à decisão do diagnóstico de morte cerebral, mas não se deve esquecer que não existe um consenso mundial a respeito do uso de exames complementares.

Trasplante hepático en Chile: pasado, presente y futuro / Hepatic transplantation in Chile: past, present and future

Resumen La donación de órganos en Chile es insuficiente, con una tasa histórica de alrededor de seis donantes por millón de habitantes. Las reformas legales, mejoras organizacionales y campañas comunicacionales han permitido hacer del año 2019 el más exitoso en cuanto a donación de órganos y trasplantes. El trasplante hepático en Chile fue realizado por primera vez en el año 1969 en el Hospital Naval de Valparaíso, falleciendo el receptor precozmente. El primer trasplante exitoso fue realizado en el año 1985 en el Hospital Militar de Santiago. Desde esa fecha hasta la actualidad se han realizado 1.812 trasplantes de hígado, el 43,6% en hospitales universitarios, el 35,1% en clínicas privadas y un 21,5% en hospitales estatales. El 23,1% en la Pontificia Universidad Católica (PUC), el 20,6% en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH), el 15,9% en el Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna (HLCM), el 15,9% en Clínica Las Condes (CLC), el 14,3% en Clínica Alemana de Santiago (CA), el 5,6% en el Hospital del Salvador (HdS), 2% en Clínica Dávila (CD), 2% en el Sanatorio Alemán de Concepción (SA) y 0,9% en Clínica Santa María (CSM) De este total, 455 son en pacientes pediátricos, de ellos 63,3% en Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna el 21,1% en la Clínica Las Condes el 7,7% en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, el 6,4% en la Clínica Alemana y 1,5% en el Sanatorio Alemán. Desde el 2015, aproximadamente el 80% de los trasplantes pediátricos se realizan en el HLCM. Sobrevidas reportadas en adultos van del 75% a 85% al año y de 75% a 92% al año en pacientes pediátricos dependiendo el período. Hay centros que nunca han reportado sus resultados. Se espera mejorar la educación en pro de una sociedad proclive en la donación, mejorar la organización de detección, mantención y procuramiento, aumentar la utilización de órganos, potenciar la utilización los de donantes cadáveres, con técnica Split o hígado dividido y, mientras no tengamos un sistema de donación que dé cuenta de las necesidades del país, mantener los programas de donante vivo. Finalmente debe motivarse a generaciones jóvenes para que se dediquen a esta importante actividad.

Organ donation in Chile is insufficient, with a historical rate of six donors per million inhabitants. Legal reforms, organizational improvements, and communications campaigns have made 2019 the most successful year in terms of organ donations and transplants. The first liver transplant in Chile was performed in 1969 at the Naval Hospital in Valparaíso. However, the patient passed away shortly after. The first successful transplant was performed in 1985 at the Militar Hospital in Santiago. As of that date to present day, 1.812 liver transplants have been performed: 43.6% of these in university hospitals, 35.1% in private clinics, and 21.5% in state hospitals. Of these, 23.1% were performed at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC), 20.6% at the Universidad de Chile Clinical Hospital (HCUCH), 15.9% at the Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital (HLCM), 15.9% at the Las Condes Clinic (CLC), 14.3% at the Alemana Clinic in Santiago (CA), 5.6% at the del Salvador Hospital (HdS), 2% at the Dávila Clinic (CD), 2% at the Alemán Sanatorium in Concepción (SA), and 0.9% at the Santa María Clinic (CSM). Of this total, 455 correspond to pediatric patients. Of these patients, 63.3% were at the Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, 21.1% at the Las Condes Clinic, 7.7% at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 6.4% at the Alemana Clinic, and 1.5% at the Alemán Sanatorium. Since 2015, approximately 80% of pediatric transplants are performed at the HLCM. Reported one-year survival range from 75% to 85% in adults and 75% to 92% in pediatric patients per year, depending on the period. Some centers have never reported their results. It is expected that education of a society prone to organ donation improves, as well as improving the detection, maintenance, and procurement of potential donors, increasing the utilization of organs, enhancing the utilization of organs from deceased donors with Split technique, and, while we are building towards a donation system that responds to the needs of the nation, upholding live donor programs. Finally, younger generations are to be motivated so that they dedicate themselves to this important activity.