Quiste Dermoide presacro en un adulto. Reporte de un caso / Presacral dermoid cyst in an adult. Report of a case

Introducción: Durante el desarrollo embriológico, el espacio retrorrectal o presacro está ocupado por células pluripotenciales y, por tanto, puede contener un grupo heterogéneo de tumores. El quiste dermoide es una entidad muy rara dentro de este grupo de tumores. Descripción de caso: femenina de 36 años de edad, con sensación de pesadez en hipogastrio, dolor en sedestación, y cambios en patrón evacuatorio; se realizó palpación abdominal, tacto rectal positivo para masa blanda dolorosa; eco endoanal y resonancia evidenciaron lesión ocupante de espacio presacro. Se realizó exéresis completa vía abdominal, con diagnóstico histopatológico definitivo de quiste dermoide. Discusión: un tumor presacro involucra un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico debido a la gran variedad de diagnósticos diferenciales. En el presente caso se diagnosticó un quiste dermoide, tumor benigno, fuera de su localización habitual. Conclusión: los tumores retrorrectales son lesiones poco habituales, es necesaria la exéresis completa y su posterior estudio histopatológico, para establecer su naturaleza. (AU)

Introduction: During embryological development, the retrorectal or presacral space is occupiedby pluripotent cells and, therefore, may contain a heterogeneous group of tumors. The dermoid cyst is a very rare entity within this group of tumors. Materials and methods: We present a case of a 36-year-old female patient with a sensation of heaviness inthe hypogastrium. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in which presacral tumor was evident. Results: complete abdominal excision was performed, with a definitive histopathological diagnosis of dermoid cyst. Discussion: a presacral tumor involves a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to the great variety of differential diagnoses. The present case was diagnosed with a dermoid cyst, a benign tumor, outside its usual location. Conclusion: Retrorectal tumors are rare tumors, in which complete excision and histopathological report are necessary. (AU)

La atrofia cerebral como hallazgo o factor predictor del deterioro cognitivo en el envejecimiento normal / Cerebral Atrophy as a Finding of Predictive Factor for Cognitive Impairment in Normal Aging

Introducción: En el curso del envejecimiento es conocida la existencia de un patrón complejo de cambios estructurales cerebrales, conductuales y cognitivos, en ocasiones relacionados con enfermedades neurológicas y psiquiátricas. Objetivo: Determinar la posible relación de causalidad de la atrofia cerebral en la aparición del deterioro cognitivo en el curso del envejecimiento normal. Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y observacional. El universo estuvo conformado por el total de los pacientes de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre 35-74 años de edad, con indicaciones previas de tomografía computarizada de cráneo y cuyos resultados fueron informados con signos de atrofia cerebral, cuya cifra ascendió a 733. Resultados: El grupo de edad que predomino fue el de 45-54 años (35,3 por ciento), así como las pacientes del sexo femenino (66,3 por ciento). El 27,7 por ciento tenía como nivel de escolaridad el técnico medio superior y 36,2 por ciento fueron pacientes amas de casa. El 99,7 por ciento fueron diestros. Un total de 368 voluntarios presentaron deterioro cognitivo y 365 sujetos no evidenciaron declive en las funciones exploradas. Las funciones de atención y cálculo y retención verbal a corto plazo fueron las que se vieron más afectadas, seguidas de orientación espacial y memoria verbal de fijación. Conclusiones: No se logró establecer una relación de causalidad significativa entre el diagnóstico radiológico de atrofia cerebral y la presencia de deterioro cognitivo(AU)

Introduction: In the course of aging, the existence of a complex pattern of behavioral, cognitive and cerebral structural changes is known, sometimes related to neurological and psychiatric diseases. Objective: To determine the possible causal relationship of cerebral atrophy with the onset of cognitive impairment in the course of normal aging. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was carried out. The study universe consisted of all patients of both sexes aged 35-74 years, with previous indications for cranial computed tomography and whose results were reported with signs of cerebral atrophy, which numbered 733. Results: The predominant age group was 45-54 years old (35.3percent), as well as female patients (66.3percent). The educational level of 27.7percent of the patients was technical high school and 36.2percent were housewife patients. A total of 99.7percent were right-handed. A total of 368 volunteers showed cognitive impairment and 365 subjects showed no decline in the tested functions. The functions of attention and calculation, as well as short-term verbal retention, were the most affected, followed by spatial orientation and speech retention memory. Conclusions: No significant causal relationship was established between the radiological diagnosis of cerebral atrophy and the presence of cognitive impairment(AU)

Além da angiografia. Integrando fisiologia e imagem para tomada de decisão em cenário clínico complexo / In addition to angiography. Integrating physiology and imaging for decision making in a complex clinical setting

Apresentação Clínica • Paciente masculino, 59 anos; • Servente de obras; • Antecedentes: HAS, ex-tabagismo, • Fevereiro de 2021: SCASSST ­ atendido em serviço externo; • Optado por estratificação não invasiva. • Câncer de próstata em programação cirúrgica

Forma aguda de histoplasmose em paciente imunocompetente: relato de caso / Acute form of histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patient: case report

A histoplasmose é uma doença granulomatosa infecciosa sistêmica cuja transmissão é aerógena e a contaminação se dá pelo contato com fezes de aves e morcegos, depende da exposição e da imunidade do paciente. Trata-se de uma doença com difícil diagnóstico, dada a semelhança dos sintomas com os de outras doenças granulomatosas infecciosas, principalmente em pacientes imunocompetentes, visto que a regressão é geralmente espontânea. Um homem de 34 anos, branco, natural e procedente de Atibaia, previamente hígido, iniciou quadro de dor e edema no tornozelo esquerdo, e evoluiu com dispneia progressiva, com piora ao decúbito, acompanhada de sudorese noturna, tosse seca e febre baixa. Foi realizado o exame de tomografia computadorizada (TC) de tórax sem contraste, que evidenciou espessamento difuso das paredes brônquicas, de aspecto inflamatório, micronódulos esparsos bilateralmente. Paciente apresentou PCR elevado, COVID, sorologias, BAAR e hemoculturas negativas, punção articular e ecocardiograma sem alterações. Optado por COXCIP 4, sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim e anfotericina B de forma empírica. Pesquisa de fungos em escarro positivo; leveduras e lavado brônquico sugestivos de histoplasmose. Evoluiu com insuficiência respiratória necessitando de intubação orotraqueal, posteriormente, traqueostomia e apesar do tratamento antifúngico, evoluiu com óbito após 21 dias. A histoplasmose é uma doença grave, com diversas formas clínicas e prognóstico normalmente autolimitado, mas que pode ser fatal, mesmo em pacientes previamente imunocompetentes.

Histoplasmosis is a systemic infectious granulomatous disease whose transmission is airborne, and contamination occurs through contact with bird and bat feces, depending on the exposure and immunity of the patient. It is a disease with difficult diagnosis, given the similarity of symptoms with those of other infectious granulomatous diseases, especially in immunocompetent patients since regression is usually spontaneous. A 34-year-old Caucasian man from Atibaia, previously healthy, developed pain and swelling in his left ankle, progressing to progressive dyspnea, worsening in recumbency, accompanied by night sweats, dry cough and low-grade fever. A non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest was performed, which showed diffuse thickening of the bronchial walls, with an inflammatory appearance, and bilaterally sparse micronodules. Patient had high C-reactive protein, COVID, serology, BAAR and negative blood cultures, joint puncture, and echocardiogram without changes. Empirically opted for COXCIP 4, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and amphotericin B. Search for fungi in positive sputum, yeasts, and bronchial lavage suggestive of histoplasmosis. He envolved with respiratory failure requiring orotracheal intubation, later tracheostomy and despite antifungal treatment, he died after 21 days. Histoplasmosis is a serious disease, with several clinical forms and a prognosis that is usually self-limiting, but it can be fatal, even in previously immunocompetent patients

Angiolipoma in a dog

Background: Angiolipoma is a benign tumor composed of endothelial cells and mature adipocytes. Tumors reported indomestic species include two variants; infiltrative or non-infiltrative. Bitches and intact males seem predisposed. Thismesenchyme tumor is commonly mistaken with lipoma due to its soft texture and subcutaneous site and often requireshistopathology to confirm its diagnosis. Microscopic examination also enables the evaluation of surgical margins and ruleout possible infiltrative sites. Complete surgical excision is usually curative. This study reports a case of non-infiltratingangiolipoma in a dog.Case: A 14-year-old mixed-breed dog was presented to a veterinary clinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Onpalpation, a painless mass was noted, with high mobility and covered by intact hirsute skin in the right subcutaneousventrolateral region. Computed tomography of the chest showed an expansive mass of uptake only from the edges of thesoft tissues of the right subcutaneous ventrolateral region. The mass was homogeneous and well delimited, suggesting aneoplastic process. Subsequently, the mass was surgically removed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and sent for histopathological analysis. On macroscopic examination, the mass was well delimited, without skin coverage, and measured2.3×1.9×0.6 cm. The consistency was smooth and unctuous in appearance with a compact cream-colored surface withblackish multifocal spots. Under microscopy, the histological sections showed neoplasm of mature adipocytes and of endothelial cells of blood vessels benign were filled with a marked amount of red blood cells...(AU)

Caracterización clínica, funcional e imagenológica de pacientes egresados por enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / Clinical, functional and imaging characterization of discharged patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / Caracterização clínica, funcional e de imagem de pacientes que receberam alta por doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es una patología frecuente, prevenible y tratable. La prevalencia está entre el 2,5 - 3,5 % de la población en general y asciende al 19 % en los mayores de 65 años. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas, funcionales e imagenológicas de los pacientes diagnosticados con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en el servicio de Neumología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras" en el período diciembre de 2018 a marzo de 2020. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 171 pacientes egresados por enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Las variables medidas fueron: edad, sexo, evaluación nutricional, adicción tabáquica, ocupación laboral, síntomas y signos clínicos, clasificación de la enfermedad según su severidad espirométrica y hallazgos imagenológicos. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes del sexo masculino (56,9 %) con edad entre 60 a 69 años (26,9 %) y normopesos (39,2 %). El 64,9 % fueron fumadores y el 49,1 % presentaron exposición a sustancias inorgánicas como ocupación laboral. Predominó la tos húmeda y la disnea grado 3 (56,14 y 55,0 %). Según la gravedad de la enfermedad, la forma moderada fue la más frecuente (46,2 %). En relación a los hallazgos tomográficos predominó el patrón enfisematoso, en su variante centrolobulillar (55,6 %). Conclusiones: Las manifestaciones clínicas más evidentes son la disnea y la tos húmeda. La gravedad moderada fue la variante espirométrica más reportada y el patrón enfisematoso a forma centrolobulillar fue el hallazgo tomográfico más evidente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable and treatable pathology. The prevalence is between 2.5-3.5% of the population in general and rises up to 19% in those over 65 years of age. Objectives: To describe the clinical, functional and imaging characteristics of patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the pneumology service of the Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras" in the period December 2018 to March 2020. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 171 patients discharged for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The variables measured were: age, gender, nutritional evaluation, smoking addiction, occupation, clinical symptoms and signs, classification of the disease according to its spirometric severity and imaging findings. Results: Male patients (56.9%) with ages between 60 and 69 years (26.9%) and normal weight (39.2%) predominated. 64.9% were smokers and 49.1% had exposure to inorganic substances at work. Wet cough (56.14) and grade 3 dyspnea (55.0%) predominated. According to the severity of the disease, the moderate form was the most frequent (46.2%). Regarding the tomographic findings, the emphysematous pattern prevailed in its centrilobular variant (55.6%). Conclusions: The most obvious clinical manifestations are dyspnea and wet cough. Moderate severity was the most reported spirometric variant and the centrilobular emphysematous pattern was the most evident tomographic finding.

RESUMO Introdução: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica é uma patologia comum, evitável e tratável. A prevalência está entre 2,5 - 3,5 % da população em geral e aumenta para 19% nas pessoas com mais de 65 anos de idade. Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas, funcionais e de imagem dos pacientes com diagnóstico de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica atendidos no Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras" no período de dezembro de 2018 a março de 2020. Método: Estudo descritivo e transversal, realizado em 171 pacientes que receberam alta por doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. As variáveis mensuradas foram: idade, sexo, avaliação nutricional, tabagismo, ocupação laboral, sintomas e sinais clínicos, classificação da doença quanto à gravidade espirométrica e achados de imagem. Resultados: Predominaram pacientes do sexo masculino (56,9%) com idade entre 60 e 69 anos (26,9%) e peso normal (39,2%). 64,9% eram fumantes e 49,1% tinham exposição a substâncias inorgânicas como ocupação laboral. Predominaram tosse úmida e dispneia grau 3 (56,14 e 55,0%). De acordo com a gravidade da doença, a forma moderada foi a mais frequente (46,2%). Quanto aos achados tomográficos, prevaleceu o padrão enfisematoso, em sua variante centrolobular (55,6%). Conclusões: As manifestações clínicas mais evidentes são dispneia e tosse úmida. Gravidade moderada foi a variante espirométrica mais relatada e o padrão enfisematoso centrolobular foi o achado tomográfico mais evidente.

Angiolipoma in a dog

Background: Angiolipoma is a benign tumor composed of endothelial cells and mature adipocytes. Tumors reported indomestic species include two variants; infiltrative or non-infiltrative. Bitches and intact males seem predisposed. Thismesenchyme tumor is commonly mistaken with lipoma due to its soft texture and subcutaneous site and often requireshistopathology to confirm its diagnosis. Microscopic examination also enables the evaluation of surgical margins and ruleout possible infiltrative sites. Complete surgical excision is usually curative. This study reports a case of non-infiltratingangiolipoma in a dog.Case: A 14-year-old mixed-breed dog was presented to a veterinary clinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Onpalpation, a painless mass was noted, with high mobility and covered by intact hirsute skin in the right subcutaneousventrolateral region. Computed tomography of the chest showed an expansive mass of uptake only from the edges of thesoft tissues of the right subcutaneous ventrolateral region. The mass was homogeneous and well delimited, suggesting aneoplastic process. Subsequently, the mass was surgically removed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and sent for histopathological analysis. On macroscopic examination, the mass was well delimited, without skin coverage, and measured2.3×1.9×0.6 cm. The consistency was smooth and unctuous in appearance with a compact cream-colored surface withblackish multifocal spots. Under microscopy, the histological sections showed neoplasm of mature adipocytes and of endothelial cells of blood vessels benign were filled with a marked amount of red blood cells...

Perfil clínico, epidemiológico y descripción de los resultados de la Tomografía ósea computarizada con emisión simple de fotones (SPECT) en pacientes con dolor de cuello y espalda. Estudio de cohorte transversal / Clinical and epidemiological profile and description of the results of bone single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with neck and back pain: Cross-sectional study

Introducción La tomografía ósea computarizada (TAC) con emisión simple de fotones (SPECT: single photon emission computed tomography) es una herramienta diagnóstica importante en los pacientes con dolor de cuello y espalda. Es una prueba funcional que se adelanta a los cambios estructurales en algunas patologías de columna. El objetivo del estudio es definir el perfil epidemiológico de pacientes con dolor axial crónico y/o subagudo en la columna vertebral. Materiales y Métodos Serie de casos cuyo objetivo general es presentar las características clínicas y sociodemográficas, así como los resultados de TAC con SPECT de los pacientes que consultaron al Hospital en un periodo de tiempo con diagnóstico de dolor de cuello o espalda y se les solicitó dicho examen. Resultados 77 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, La mediana para la edad fue de 48 años, 57.1% eran hombres y 42.9% mujeres. 57 pacientes tenían localización única del dolor (74%) y 20 pacientes tenían localización múltiple (26%), los segmentos afectados fueron 57 lumbar (74%), cervical 15 (19.5%) y sacro 1 (1.3%). La impresión diagnóstica preexamen más común fue enfermedad facetaría en 25 casos para un 32.5%. En cuanto a los resultados del SPECT el radiofármaco captó en 48 ocasiones (62.3%) y los sitios en que captó el radiofármaco se distribuyeron así: facetas 13 (16.9%), cuerpo vertebral 28 (36.4%), Pars Interarticularis 3 (3.8%), disco intervertebral 1 (1.3%), 3 (3.8%) captaron en sitios diferentes al raquis, El índice de concordancia diagnóstica luego del SPECT se dio en 33 casos (42.85%). Discusión La mayoría de las gammagrafías con captación fueron en los cuerpos vertebrales, en el contexto de nuestro hospital como centro de trauma y que muchos de los pacientes tenían dolor secundario a accidentes de tránsito o accidentes laborales, se correlacionan con microfracturas o contusiones óseas. La gammagrafía con SPECT sigue siendo una prueba funcional que nos puede ayudar en el diagnóstico, pronóstico y enfoque terapéutico de los pacientes con dolor raquídeo axial en sus diferentes estadios.

Background SPECT bone scan with is an important diagnostic tool in patients with neck and back pain. It is a functional test that anticipates structural changes in some spinal pathologies. Aim of study is to define the epidemiological profile of patients with chronic and/or subacute axial spine pain. Methods A retrospective descriptive study whose general objective is to present the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the results of the SPECT scans of the patients who visited the Hospital in a period of time with a diagnosis of neck or back pain and were requested such an examination. Results Seventy-seven patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 48 years, 57.1% were men and 42.9% were women. Fifty-seven patients had a single location of pain (74%) and 20 patients had multiple location (26%), the affected segments were 57 lumbar (74%), cervical 15 (19.5%) and sacrum 1 (1.3%). The most common pre-examination diagnostic impression was facet disease in 25 cases for 32.5%. Regarding the SPECT results, the radiopharmaceutical captured on 48 occasions (62.3%) and the sites where it captured the radiopharmaceutical were distributed as follows: facets 13 (16.9%), vertebral body 28 (36.4%), pars interarticularis 3 (3.8%).), intervertebral disc 1 (1.3%), 3 (3.8%) captured in sites other than the spine. The diagnostic concordance index after SPECT occurred in 33 cases (42.85%). Discussion Most of the uptake scans were in the vertebral bodies, beneath the context of our hospital, as a trauma center, and that many of the patients had pain secondary to traffic accidents or work behavior accidents, they are correlated with micro-fractures or bone contusions. SPECT scintigraphy continues to be a functional test that can help us in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic approach of patients with axial spinal pain in its different stages.

Neoplasia sólida pseudopapilar pancreática: comunicación de cuatro casos clínicos y revisión de la literatura / Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: four case reports and a review of the lilerature / Neoplasia sólida pseudopapilar pancreática: comunicação de quatro casos clínicos e revisão da literatura

Los tumores pseudopapilares del páncreas son tumores de origen pancreático poco frecuentes y de etiología desconocida. Comprenden entre el 0.2 y 2.7% de los carcinomas de páncreas. Hasta 2015 hay 900 casos reportados en la literatura, siendo una minoría en etapa diseminada. Son tumores voluminosos, de bajo potencial maligno, que se presentan con mayor frecuencia en mujeres jóvenes entre 18 y 35 años. Generalmente son asintomáticos o manifiestan clínicamente síntomas inespecíficos como dolor abdominal o presencia de masa abdominal. Anatómicamente se localizan con mayor frecuencia en la cola del páncreas, seguidos por la cabeza y el cuerpo. El tratamiento de elección es la resección quirúrgica. El rol de la quimioterapia en la enfermedad irresecable o avanzada no está claramente definido. Son tumores de excelente pronóstico, con sobrevida a 5 años de casi 100%.Se presentan cuatro casos clínicos y se hace una revisión de la literatura.

Pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas are tumors of pancreatic origin with a low frequency and an unknown etiology. They account for 0.2 - 2.7 % of all pancreatic carcinomas. Up to 2015 there were approximately 900 well documented cases with only a small minority of them in a metastatic stage. This tumors could reach large proportions and they occur predominantly in young women between 18 and 35 years of age. Most of patients are asymptomatic or have non specific symptoms including abdominal pain or palpable abdominal mass. The most common localization is the tail of the pancreas, followed by the head and the body. Complete resection is the treatment of choice. It is not clearly stablished the rol of chemotherapy in metastatic disease. There are tumors with a favorable prognosis, with an overall 5 year survival rate about 95%. Herein, we report four clinical cases and a literatura review.

Os tumores pseudopapilares do pâncreas são tumores de origem pancreática pouco frequentes e de etiologia desconhecida. Compreendem entre 0.2 e 2.7% dos carcinomas de pâncreas. Até 2015 há 900 casos relatados na literatura, sendo uma minoria em etapa disseminada. São tumores volumosos, de baixo potencial maligno, que se apresentam com maior frequência em mulheres jovens entre 18 e 35 anos. Geralmente são assintomáticos ou apresentam clinicamente sintomas inespecíficos como dor abdominal ou presença de massa abdominal. Anatomicamente, localizam-se mais frequentemente na cauda do pâncreas, seguidos por cabeça e corpo. O tratamento de escolha é a ressecção cirúrgica. O papel da quimioterapia na doença irressecável ou avançada não está claramente definido. São tumores de excelente prognóstico, com sobrevida a 5 anos de quase 100%. Apresentam-se quatro casos clínicos e faz-se uma revisão da literatura.

A dedicated phantom design for positron emission mammography performance evaluation.

A standard protocol for performance evaluation of positron emission mammography (PEM) systems has not yet been established. In this work we propose a methodology based on the design of specific phantoms for this imaging modality with component dimensions in accordance with typical breast lesion sizes together with the adaptation of current international protocols designed for clinical and preclinical positron emission tomographs (PET) systems. This methodology was used to evaluate the performance of the Flex Solo II PEM scanner in terms of spatial resolution, uniformity and contrast lesion detectability, recovery coefficients and spill-over ratios. Positron range effects were studied with 18F and 68Ga, which have very different energy spectra. Our results indicate that in-plane spatial resolution of the system is around 3.0 mm and 4.4 mm for 18F and 68Ga, respectively. Lesion detectability tests with sphere diameters between 4 and 10 mm confirmed that the PEM system can resolve all the spheres (hot or cold). Percent contrast values for 18F lie between 6%-38% and 34%-51% for hot- and cold- spheres, respectively; the corresponding intervals for 68Ga are lower, 4%-25% and 32%-44%. Regarding uniformity quantification, the system shows percentage standard deviations within 4.9%-5.7%, while the percent background variability measurements ranged between 6.7% and 10.9% for both radionuclides. Recovery coefficients measured with hot rod diameters between 1.5 and 9 mm, have values between 0.2-1.05 and 0.17-0.69 for 18F and 68Ga, respectively. Spill-over ratios have large values (0.22 in average) for both radionuclides. Our results indicate that the phantoms and the methodology developed in this work can serve as the basis for establishing an image quality protocol for the systematic evaluation of PEM systems, with a potential extension for performance evaluation of dedicated breastPET scanners.

Valor de la imagenología (TC y PET-TC) en el diagnóstico de la carcinomatosis peritoneal. Estudio preliminar / Diagnostic value of CT and Pet CT for detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Preliminary study / Valor das técnicas de imagem (TC y Pet-TC) no diagnóstico da carcinomatose peritoneal. Estudo preliminar

Resumen: En la evaluación de la carcinomatosis peritoneal (CP) la imagenología contribuye al diagnóstico preciso de compromiso peritoneal, aunque su eficacia es aún limitada. La tomografía computada (TC) es el estudio de imagen más utilizado y el PET-TC es cada vez más solicitado en la valoración de diferentes neoplasias. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar el rendimiento de la TC y el PET-TC en el diagnóstico de CP en tumores digestivos y ginecológicos. Material y método: estudio retrospectivo, observacional, de 11 casos operados de CP en los que previamente se había realizado TC o PET-TC, o ambos. Se analizan los resultados de los estudios imagenológicos por separado y en conjunto, y se comparan con los hallazgos intraoperatorios y anatomopatológicos. Resultados: la TC fue concordante en 8 de 10 casos (S 78%, E 100%, VPP 100%, VPN 33%), mientras que el PET-TC lo fue en 9 de 11 pacientes (S 100%, VPP 81%). Al considerar en conjunto la TC y el PET-TC, la sensibilidad fue de 100% y el VPP de 82%. Conclusiones: en los resultados obtenidos se constata una subestimación de la CP en la imagenología a causa de las características de los nódulos y su patrón de captación. En el PET-TC, un SUV > 6 podría aumentar la probabilidad diagnóstica de carcinomatosis. Esta breve serie de casos permite sugerir que TC y el 18FGD PET-TC deben ser solicitados y analizados en forma conjunta para incrementar su rendimiento, aunque la exploración quirúrgica continúa siendo el método más eficaz para el diagnóstico y evaluación de la CP.

Summary: Imagenology contributes to the accurate diagnosis of peritoneal compromise in the assessment of peritoneal carcinomatosis, although its effectiveness is still limited. CT is the most frequently used study and PET/CT is graduallly more requested in the assessment of different neoplasms. This study aims to assess performance of CT and PET/CT for diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis in digestive and gynecological tumours. Method: retrospective, observational study of 11 cases operated on peritoneal carcinomatosis after a CT and/or PET/CT had been performed. The results of both image studies were analysed separately and altogether and they were subsequently compared to intraoperative and pathology studies. Results: CT matched findings in 8 out of 10 cases (sensitivity 78%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 33%), whereas PET/TC matched in 9 out of 11 patients (sensitivity 100%, PPV 81%). When considered together, sensitivity was 100% y el PPV de 82%. Conclusions: the results of the study confirm imagenology studies overestimate peritoneal carcinomatosis based on the characteristics of nodules and its uptake pattern. In CT/PET, SUV> 6 could increase the probability of diagnosing carcinomatosis. This small series of cases enables our suggesting CT and 18F-FDG PET-TC to be requested and analysed together to increase its efficiency, although surgical exploration continues to be the most effective method to diagnose and assess peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Resumo: Na avaliação da carcinomatose peritoneal (CP) as técnicas de imagem contribuem ao diagnóstico preciso do compromisso peritoneal, embora sua eficácia ainda seja limitada. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) é o estudo de imagens mais utilizado e a tomografia computadorizada por emissão de pósitrons (PET-TC) é cada vez mais solicitado na avaliação de diferentes neoplasias. O objetivo do presente trabalho, é avaliar o rendimento da TC e do PET-TC no diagnóstico de CP em tumores digestivos e ginecológicos. Material e método: estudo retrospectivo, observacional de 11 casos de carcinomatose peritoneal operados nos quais previamente se havia realizado TC e/ou PET-TC. Os resultados de ambos estudos foram estudados isoladamente e em conjunto e foram comparados com os achados intraoperatórios e histopatológicos. Resultados: a TC foi concordante em 8 de 10 casos (S 78%, E 100%, VPP 100%, VPN 33%), e o PET-TC em 9 de 11 pacientes (S 100%, VPP 81%). A sensibilidade foi de 100% e o VPP de 82% quando ambos estudos foram analisados conjuntamente. Conclusoes: observa-se nos resultados uma subestimação da CP nas técnicas de imagem, devido às características dos nódulos e seu padrão de captação. No PET-TC, um SUV > 6 poderia aumentar a probabilidade de diagnosticar carcinomatose. Esta breve série de casos permite sugerir que a TC e o 18FGD PET-TC devem ser solicitados e analisados em forma conjunta para aumentar o rendimento. No entanto a exploração cirúrgica continua sendo o método mais eficaz para o diagnóstico e avaliação da CP.

Laparoscopic renal biopsy.

The Guidelines Project, an initiative of the Brazilian Medical Association, aims to combine information from the medical field in order to standardize producers to assist the reasoning and decision-making of doctors. The information provided through this project must be assessed and criticized by the physician responsible for the conduct that will be adopted, depending on the conditions and the clinical status of each patient.

Laparoscopic renal biopsy

The Guidelines Project, an initiative of the Brazilian Medical Association, aims to combine information from the medical field in order to standardize producers to assist the reasoning and decision-making of doctors. The information provided through this project must be assessed and criticized by the physician responsible for the conduct that will be adopted, depending on the conditions and the clinical status of each patient.

Tuberculosis miliar y orquiepididimitis tuberculosa en un paciente inmunocompetente / Miliary Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Orchidepidimitis in an Immunocompetent Patient

La tuberculosis genitourinaria es la segunda forma de presentación más común de tuberculosis extrapulmonar luego del compromiso ganglionar, la epididimitis tuberculosa afecta preferentemente a pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 30 y 50 años, y al menos un 70% tienen historia previa de tuberculosis pulmonar, la infección tuberculosa del escroto es rara y ocurre en aproximadamente el 7% de los pacientes con tuberculosis por extensión directa desde el epidídimo, planteando problemas de diagnóstico diferencial con procesos más agresivos como las neoplasias testiculares. Reportamos el caso de un hombre de 23 años con masa testicular que emulaba ser de origen neoplásico, llevado a orquidectomía unilateral. La patología describe necrosis y granulomas de caseificación conclusivo para orquiepididimitis tuberculosa, paciente inmunocompetente sin antecedente previo de tuberculosis.

Genitourinary tuberculosis is the second most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis after lymph node involvement; tuberculous epididymitis preferentially affects patients between the ages of 30 and 50 years, and at least 70% have a previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous infection scrotum is rare and occurs in approximately 7% of patients with tuberculosis by direct extension from the epididymis, posing problems of differential diagnosis with more aggressive processes such as testicular tumors. We report the case of a 23-year-old man with a testicular mass that emulated being of neoplastic origin, taken to unilateral orchidectomy. The pathology describes necrosis and caseification granulomas, conclusive for tuberculous orchiepididymitis, an immunocompetent patient with no previous history of tuberculosis

Influence of the SPECT calibration source position on the absorbed dose calculation for 131I-NaI therapy using GATE simulations.

Many research groups have studied nuclear medicine image quantification to improve its accuracy in dose estimation. This work aims to evaluate the influence of the source calibration position for absorbed dose calculation for a 131I-NaI therapy using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The calibration approach consisted of a cylindrical phantom filled with water. A cylindrical 131I source with 361.1 ± 3.6 kBq ml-1 was positioned at the center of the phantom and its outer part. Images were acquired with 150 00 counts per projection image acquired with SPECT detector (high counts density-HCD) and 3000 counts per projection (low counts density-LCD). MC simulations, performed with GATE code, were validated by comparing the S values of a water sphere uniformly filled with 131I, as from the sphere model of OLINDA/EXM 1.1. Calibration factors deviation between central and peripheral calibrations is more significant for HCD (18.3%) than for LCD images (3.7%). The 3D dose distribution map obtained from GATE resulted in a dose factor equal to 1.5 × 10-3 mGy/(MBq.s). For both HCD and LCD images, the commonly used approach, which employs the central source calibration to obtain the dose from a peripheral source, resulted in dose overestimation. Results suggest that organ dose calculation can be improved considering the organ position in the field of view. Finally, patients' radiation protection in dosimetry studies could be improved considering the calibration source position, due to the superior accuracy in dose calculation.

Sialometaplasia Necrotizante: Revisión de la Literatura a Propósito de un Caso / Necroting Sialometaplasia: Review of the Literature on a Case

RESUMEN: La sialometaplasia necrotizante (SN) es una rara enfermedad benigna, inflamatoria, autolimitante, que afecta más frecuentemente a las glándulas salivales menores y que comúnmente se asocia a las ubicadas en la porción más posterior del paladar duro. Su etiología no esta clara, la mayoría de los autores sugieren que una lesión química, física o biológica de los vasos sanguíneos produciría cambios isquémicos, que provocarían infarto del tejido glandular con necrosis, inflamación e intento de reparación. Clínicamente puede presentarse como una úlcera de márgenes irregulares, ligeramente elevados y lecho necrótico, mientras que histopatológicamente se caracteriza por presentar metaplasia escamosa de conductos y acinos e hiperplasia pseudoepiteliomatosa del epitelio mucoso. La similitud de sus características clínicas e histopatológicas con algunas lesiones glandulares malignas de la cavidad oral, puede resultar en tratamientos innecesarios, considerando que la SN se trata de una patología autoresolutiva, por lo que es fundamental realizar un correcto diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico para evitar tratamientos quirúrgicos mutilantes o innecesarios. En el presente trabajo se presenta un caso de una mujer joven, con diagnóstico de SN, con sus características clínicas, histopatológicas y la evolución de la lesión.

ABSTRACT: The Necrotizing Sialometaplazia (NS) it's a rare self-limiting, inflammatory, benign disease, that most frequently affects the minor salivary glands and it is commonly associated to the glands located at the most posterior portion of the hard palate. Its etiology is not clear. Most authors suggest that a chemical, physical or biological lesion of the blood vessels would produce ischemic changes, which lead to infarction of muscle tissue with necrosis, inflammation and attempts to repair. Clinically it can present as a slightly elevated ulcer with irregular edges and necrotic bed, while histopathologically it is characterized for present squamous metaplasia of ducts and acini and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of mucosal epithelium. The similarity of its clinical and histopathological characteristics with some malignant glandular lesions of the oral cavity, can result in unnecessary treatments, considering that NS is a self-sustaining pathology, it is therefore essential to perform a correct clinical and histopathological diagnosis to avoid mutilating or unnecessary surgical treatments. In the present work we present the case of a young woman, with diagnosis of NS, with its clinical and histopathological characteristics and the evolution of the lesion.

Estudio Transversal: Correlación entre la Puntuación del Calcio y la Tomografía Multidetector Coronaria / Cross-Sectional Research: Correlation between Calcium Score and Coronary Multidetector Tomography

INTRODUCCIÓN: El desarrollo tecnológico con los equipos de Tomografía Multidetector permite evaluar la formación de placas de calcio en las arterias coronarias, categorizarlas y relacionarlas con los factores de riesgo. El objetivo fue determinar la asociación de la puntuación de calcio con la hipertensión arterial, sobrepeso y obesidad, dislipidemia (colesterol total, LDL, HDL), diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y tabaquismo. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio transversal con 67 pacientes a quienes se realizó el examen la puntuación de calcio con Tomografía Multidetector de 64 cortes y sincronización de la frecuencia cardíaca 60 ± 5 latidos por minuto, en el Departamento de Imagenología del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, entre Marzo - Agosto de 2016. Se aplicó una encuesta adaptada para este estudio y con el consentimiento informado. Los datos fueron analizados con el Software SPSS versión 20, la cuantificación del calcio fue de 0 negativo y > 0 positivo. RESULTADOS: La mediana de edad fue 62 años, el 55.2 % fueron hombres, el 50.7 % estaban entre 45 a 64 años, se identificó a 9 pacientes con hipertensión arterial (13.4 %), 35 pacientes tenían sobrepeso (52.2 %) y 41 pacientes con triglicéridos elevados (61.2 %). Se determinó asociación entre la variable "presión arterial sistólica en mmHg ≥ 140" RP 1.76 (IC 95 %: 1.01 ­ 3.08 P: 0.036); el resto de variables no fueron significativas. CONCLUSIONES: La puntuación de calcio positivo está asociada a la presión arterial sistólica ≥ 140 mmHgtudio Transversal: Correlación entre la Puntuación del Calcio y la Tomografía Multidetector Coronaria

BACKGROUND: The technological development with the Multidetector Tomography Equipment allows evaluating the formation of calcium plaques in the coronary arteries, categorizing them and relating them to the risk factors. The aim was to determine the calcium score with hypertension, overweight and obesity, dyslipidemia (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL), type 2 diabetes mellitus and smoking. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study with 67 patients who underwent the examination of the calcium score with 64-slice Multidetector Tomography with synchronization of the heart rate 60 ± 5 beats per minute, in the Department of Imaging of the José Carrasco Arteaga Specialties Hospital between March - August, 2016. A survey adapted for this study and with informed consent was applied. The data were analyzed with SPSS Software version 20, the calcium quantification was 0 negative and > 0 positive. RESULTS: The median age was 62 years, 55.2 % were men, 50.7 % between 45 and 64 years, 9 patients with hypertension (13.4 %), 35 overweight patients (52.2 %) and 41 patients with high triglycerides (61.2 %). An association was determined between the variable "systolic blood pressure in mmHg ≥ 140" RP 1.76 (95 % CI: 1.01 - 3.08 P: 0.036); the rest of the variables were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The positive calcium score is associated with systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg.