Endometritis granulomatosa por tuberculosis en mujer postmenopaúsica / Granulomatous tuberculosis endometritis in a posmenopausal woman

INTRODUCCIÓN: La tuberculosis (TBC) genital es una infección relativamente poco frecuente en la mujer. Afecta principalmente a mujeres menores de 40 años, y el motivo de consulta más usual es la esterilidad, de ahí la importancia de su diagnóstico precoz. CASO CLÍNICO clínico: Se presenta el caso de una paciente con dolor pélvico crónico que acude a nuestras consultas para valoración. Durante el estudio se toma biopsia dirigida de la cavidad endometrial diagnosticándose la presencia de granulomas no necrotizantes. Posteriormente se realiza un cultivo microbiológico que resulta positivo para micobacterias y se determina el DNA, mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, de mycobacterium tuberculosis, como causante del cuadro. DISCUSIÓN: El diagnóstico definitivo de TBC requiere el aislamiento en cultivo del bacilo de Koch, aunque en los casos de TBC genital, al ser una entidad paucibacilar, puede no resultar positivo. En éste caso, sería suficiente el diagnóstico de presunción basado en la sospecha clínica y el hallazgo histológico de granulomas. CONCLUSIÓN: La tuberculosis genital es una entidad poco frecuente en nuestro medio, aunque es una causa importante de infertilidad femenina y su predominio generalmente se subestima debido a la naturaleza paucisintomática de la misma. El diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento multidisciplinar son fundamentales.

INTRODUCTION: Genital tuberculosis (TB) is a relatively rare afection in women. It mainly affects women younger than 40 years, and the most frequent reason for consultation is sterility, therefore early diagnosis is important. CLINICAL CASE: We presented the case of a patient with chronic pelvic pain who comes to our consultations. During the study, we take an endometrial biopsy diagnosing the presence of non-necrotizing granulomas. Finally, we determined the mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA through the polymerase chain reaction and positive microbiological culture, as the cause of pathology. DISCUSSION: The definitive diagnosis of TB requires the isolation in culture of the Koch bacillus, although in genital TB cases, as it is a paucibacillary entity, it may not be positive. In this case, the presumptive diagnosis based on clinical suspicion and the histological granulomas would be enough. CONCLUSIONS: Genital tuberculosis is a rare entity in our environment, although it is an important cause of female infertility and its prevalence is generally underestimated due to its paucisymptomatic nature. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment are essential.

First case report of tuberculous meningitis secondary to endometrial tuberculosis following a clandestine abortion.

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a medical emergency: it is the most severe, lethal and disabling clinical form of tuberculosis. We report the case of a 44-year-old woman who had undergone a clandestine abortion six weeks before admission. One week later, she had abnormal vaginal discharge. Three weeks prior to admission, headache, hyperpyrexia and mental alteration were added. At admission, a transvaginal ultrasound showed abnormalities of the uterine cavity. Sepsis and endometritis were diagnosed, and a hysterectomy was scheduled. During preoperative evaluation, meningeal signs were found. The first lumbar puncture (LP) showed a lymphomononuclear pleocytosis, hypoglycorrhachia and hyperproteinorrachia. After five days treatment with ceftriaxone, vancomycin and dexamethasone, only partial recovery occurred. A second LP showed AFB and PCR confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The histopathology of endometrial biopsy confirmed endometrial tuberculosis. Therapeutic response to anti-tuberculous treatment and corticosteroids was excellent. No other cause of immunosuppression apart from pregnancy was found. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of TBM secondary to endometrial tuberculosis and highlights an unusual clinical scenario in which severe and disseminated forms of TB could be present. TBM during and after pregnancy is rare, but compared with TBM in non-pregnant women, it has a poorer prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment can be lifesaving in this life-threatening disease.

Endometrial Tuberculosis: Hysteroscopic Findings of a Clinical Case.

Endometrial tuberculosis is a rare diagnosis in the postmenopausal period, and it can mimic a carcinoma. The present article describes the case of a 54-year-old female patient with weight loss, abdominal pain, and ascites. An ultrasonography showed endometrial thickening, and a video hysteroscopy revealed a uterine cavity with formations with cotton aspect covering the entire endometrial surface and the tubal ostia. An anatomopathological evaluation diagnosed endometrial tuberculosis. The treatment was with a standardized therapeutic scheme (ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin), and the patient evolved with clinical improvement and normal uterine cavity at hysteroscopy. Considering the lack of pathognomonic hysteroscopic findings of the disorder, it is important to disclose the images of the case.

A tuberculose endometrial é um diagnóstico raro na pós-menopausa e pode mimetizar um carcinoma. O presente artigo descreve o caso de uma paciente de 54 anos com perda de peso, dor abdominal e ascite. A ultrassonografia mostrou espessamento endometrial, e a histeroscopia por vídeo revelou uma cavidade uterina com formações que apresentavam aspecto de algodão cobrindo toda a superfície endometrial e os óstios tubários. Uma avaliação anatomopatológica diagnosticou tuberculose endometrial. O tratamento foi com esquema terapêutico padronizado (etambutol, isoniazida, pirazinamida e rifampicina), e a paciente evoluiu com melhora clínica e cavidade uterina normal na histeroscopia. Considerando a falta de achados histeroscópicos patognomônicos do distúrbio, é importante divulgar as imagens do caso.

Endometrial tuberculosis: hysteroscopic findings of a clinical case / Tuberculose endometrial: Achados histeroscópicos de um caso clínico

Abstract Endometrial tuberculosis is a rare diagnosis in the postmenopausal period, and it can mimic a carcinoma. The present article describes the case of a 54-year-old female patient with weight loss, abdominal pain, and ascites. An ultrasonography showed endometrial thickening, and a video hysteroscopy revealed a uterine cavity with formations with cotton aspect covering the entire endometrial surface and the tubal ostia. An anatomopathological evaluation diagnosed endometrial tuberculosis. The treatment was with a standardized therapeutic scheme (ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin), and the patient evolved with clinical improvement and normal uterine cavity at hysteroscopy. Considering the lack of pathognomonic hysteroscopic findings of the disorder, it is important to disclose the images of the case.

Resumo A tuberculose endometrial é um diagnóstico raro na pós-menopausa e podemimetizar um carcinoma. O presente artigo descreve o caso de uma paciente de 54 anos com perda de peso, dor abdominal e ascite. A ultrassonografia mostrou espessamento endometrial, e a histeroscopia por vídeo revelou uma cavidade uterina com formações que apresentavam aspecto de algodão cobrindo toda a superfície endometrial e os óstios tubários. Uma avaliação anatomopatológica diagnosticou tuberculose endometrial. O tratamento foi com esquema terapêutico padronizado (etambutol, isoniazida, pirazinamida e rifampicina), e a paciente evoluiu com melhora clínica e cavidade uterina normal na histeroscopia. Considerando a falta de achados histeroscópicos patognomônicos do distúrbio, é importante divulgar as imagens do caso.

[Genital tuberculosis: atypical manifestation in the pregnancy. Case report]. / Tuberculosis genital: manifestacián atípica durante el embarazo. Reporte de un caso.

BACKGROUND: In the last years has been an increase in cases of tu- berculosis, representing a global health problem that is also reflected in an increased of cases in pregnant population. Especially in developed countries has been observed a direct relation with VIH patients,and groups of immigrants from countries where the infection is endemic. Tuberculous disease during pregnancy presents good outcome if it is diagnosed and treated properly. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a romanian patient with uncon- trolled 23 weeks gestation that enters with the suspicion of chorioam- nionitis and after late septic miscarriage and clinical sepsis criteria, leaks out of the hospital reentering with signs of neurologic involvement and pelviperitonitis as a result of genital tuberculous. Diagnosed with tuber- culous meningitis and disseminated with a grim evolution until death.

Endometritis tuberculosa sin foco primario y dolor pélvico crónico / Tuberculous endometritis with no primary focus and chronic pelvic pain

Antecedentes: La tuberculosis genital y la endometritis tuberculosa es una forma de tuberculosis que continúa siendo frecuente en los países en desarrollo y habitualmente es secundaria a un foco primario pulmonar. Puede cursar de forma asintomática, o bien, producir síntomas como infertilidad primaria o secundaria, alteraciones menstruales o dolor pélvico crónico, entre otros. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 47 años en estudio por ginecología y urología por dolor pélvico crónico y sintomatología urinaria inespecífica de aproximadamente 6 meses de evolución. La ecografía transvaginal muestra contenido intracavitario escaso sugerente de piometra e imágenes trabeculares compatibles con sinequias uterinas. Mediante aspirado endometrial se extrae pus y muestra endometrial que se remite para estudio anatomopatológico. Tras el informe anatomopatológico que diagnostica inflamación crónica granulomatosa necrotizante, se solicita estudio por PCR y cultivo para micobacteriumm tuberculosis, siendo ambos positivos para el microorganismo. De este modo, se diagnosticó como endometritis tuberculosa sin existir afectación de otros órganos tras el estudio completo. Se realizó tratamiento con etambutol hidrocloruro, isoniacida, pirazinamida y rifampicina durante 2 meses y pirazinamida e isonicida durante 7 meses adicionales. Al final del tratamiento, la paciente mostraba clara mejoría de los síntomas y a la ecografía desaparición de la colección intracavitaria uterina.

Background: Genital tuberculosis and endometritis tuberculosa is a form of tuberculosis which remains prevalent in developing countries and is usually secondary to a pulmonary primary focus. It may be asymptomatic, or may produce symptoms such as primary or secondary infertility, menstrual disorders or chronic pelvic pain, among others. Clinical case: We present the case of a patient of 47-year who was studied by ginecology and urology for chronic pelvic pain and unspecific urinary symptoms since about 6 months. In transvaginal ultrasound pyometra and trabecular images compatible with uterine synechiae were observed. Endometrial samples were obtaining and sent for histopathologic examination which was informed of chronic necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. We asked for PCR and culture for tuberculosis micobacteriumm, both being positive for the microorganism. Thus, she was diagnosed of endometritis tuberculosa without involvement of other organs after complete study. She performed a treatment with ethambutol hydrochloride, isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide for 2 months and pyrazinamide and isoniazid for 7 months. At the end of treatment, the patient showed clear improvement of symptoms and disappearance of uterine intracavitary collection in the ultrasonographic study.

The molecular diagnosis of pelvic tuberculosis: a case report.

Tuberculosis is a re-emerging infectious disease. A retrospective analysis was made of the clinical history of a 48-year-old woman in April 2009; she was a secretary at a third-level hospital living in an urban area. Pelvic tubercular infection was suggested as a possible diagnosis; spoligotyping molecular methodology was used on a peritoneal secretion sample to confirm such diagnosis and confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (octal code 777777777760771, SIT 53, Family T1).

The molecular diagnosis of pelvic tuberculosis: a case report / Diagnóstico molecular de tuberculosis pélvica: reporte de caso

Tuberculosis is a re-emerging infectious disease. A retrospective analysis was made of the clinical history of a 48-year-old woman in April 2009; she was a secretary at a third-level hospital living in an urban area. Pelvic tubercular infection was suggested as a possible diagnosis; spoligotyping molecular methodology was used on a peritoneal secretion sample to confirm such diagnosis and confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (octal code 777777777760771, SIT 53, Family T1).

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa reemergente. Durante el mes de abril de 2009 se realizó el análisis retrospectivo de la historia clínica de una mujer de 48 años de edad, residente en área urbana, secretaria de un hospital de tercer nivel. Se determinó infección tuberculosa pélvica como diagnóstico presuntivo. Con el fin de confirmar dicho diagnóstico, se realizó la metodología molecular de spoligotyping en muestra de secreción peritoneal y confirmó la presencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, código octal 777777777760771, SIT 53, familia T1.

Úlcera genital, nem sempre uma clássica DST: relato de um caso tuberculose vulvar / Genital ulcer, nor always a classic DST: case report of a tuberculosis vulvar

A tuberculose vulvar é uma patologia rara, geralmente associada a um foco primário pulmonar. O objetivo deste relato é apresentar o quadro clínico, diagnóstico e tratamento de um caso de tuberculose vulvar acompanhado no serviço de Ginecologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória em 2004. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente de 54 anos, casada, com uma úlcera genital crônica, de grande extensão, sem outros sintomas associados. Foi submetida a biópsia da lesão e exames para investigação de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (sífilis, hepatites e HIV). Dos resultados, o estudo histopatológico evidenciou granuloma sugestivo de tuberculose, após descartar outras suspeitas. Realizou-se então como propedêutica radiografia de tórax, o qual apresentou lesões sugestivas de tuberculose. Fez-se baciloscopia do escarro, com resultado positivo. Diante do quadro de tuberculose pulmonar e do resultado encontrado na biópsia da úlcera genital, iniciou-se o tratamento com tuberculostáticos. Obteve-se então confirmação da tuberculose vulvar através da prova terapêutica positiva, com melhora significativa da lesão genital nos primeiros sete dias de tratamento. Observouse a importância de ter a tuberculose como diagnóstico diferencial nas úlceras genitais crônicas, por requerer investigação diagnóstica adequada para se instituir o tratamento preciso e obter a cura.

The tuberculosis to vulvar is a rare pathology, generally associated to a pulmonary primary focus. The objective of this ceport is to present the clinical, diagnostic picture and treatment of a vulvar tuberculosis followied in the service of Gynecology of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória in 2004. The case of a patient of 54 years old, married, with a chronic genital ulcer, of great extension, without other symptoms associates. It was submitted the biopsy of the injury and examinations for inquiry of some sexually transmissitted deseases (syphilis, hepatites and HIV). The results the biopsy it evidenced granuloma suggestive of tuberculosis, after to discard others suspicion. It was become fullfilled x-ray of thorax, which presented suggestive injuries of tuberculosis. Baciloscopy of pulmonary secretion became, with positive result. Ahead of the pulmonary picture of tuberculosis and the result found in the biopsy of the genital ulcer, the treatment with tuberculostatics was initiated. Confirmation of the tuberculosis was gotten then to vulvar through positive the therapeutical test, with significant improvement of the genital injury in first the seven days of treatment. It was observed the importance of if having the tuberculosis as diagnostic differential in the chronic genital ulcers, for requiring adequate diagnostic inquiry to do the necessary treatment and getting the cure.

La tuberculosis genitourinaria en el siglo XXI / Genitourinary tuberculosis in the 21st century

Tuberculosis is a major health problem in both underdeveloped and industrialized nations. Each year there is an estimated 8 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) with 2 million deaths. TB is an opportunistic infection affecting primarly lower social economic classes and individuals whose immune system are compromised by age (very young and elderly), infection (HIV) and recipients of immune modulators (organ transplantation, collagen disease). Twenty percent of patients with TB may develop genitourinary (GU) tuberculosis. Pelvic infection in the female can mimic malignancy. In the past "classic" genito-urinary tuberculosis has developed in conjunction with pulmonary or miliary infection. Patients now present with isolated (i.e. adrenal, renal, genital or pelvic) infection. Diagnosis of GU TB infection is difficult. Newer molecular biologic tools i.e. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provide improved diagnostic methods. CT scans are an effective imaging tool. Retropeirtoneal and intraperitoneal TB disease can be evaluated and treated by laparoscopic surgical procedures. Despite the advantages of the newer technology, TB of the genito-urinary continues to significant challenge to the practitioner because of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to current anti-TB drugs and "non-classic" presentation of GU infection.

La tuberculosis es un problema de salud importante en las naciones industrializadas como también en los países en vías de desarrollo. Cada año se estiman 8 millones de nuevos casos de tuberculosis (TBC) con 2 millones de muertes. La TBC es una infección oportunista que afecta en forma primaria a individuos de clases sociales mas bajas o a aquellos que presentan compromiso del sistema inmune debido a la edad (niños o ancianos), infecciones (HIV) o al tratamiento con moduladores del sistema inmune (trasplante de órganos, enfermedad del colágeno). El 20% de los pacientes con TBC pueden contraer tuberculosis genitourinaria (TGU). La infección pelviana en la mujer puede simular una enfermedad maligna. En el pasado, la tuberculosis genitourinaria "clásica" se desarrollaba junto con la infección pulmonar o miliar. Ahora los pacientes se presentan con la infección aislada (suprarrenal, renal, genital o pelviana). El diagnostico de la TGU es difícil. Nuevas herramientas de la biología molecular, por ejemplos la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, ofrecen mejores métodos diagnósticos. La tomografía computarizada es una herramienta efectiva para obtener imágenes. Las TBC retroperitoneal e intraperitoneal pueden ser evaluadas y tratadas mediante procedimientos quirúrgicos laparoscópicos. A pesar de las ventajas de las nuevas tecnologías, la TBC es aún un desafío para el medico debido a que Mycobacterium tuberculosis es resistente a los antibióticos actuales y a la forma de presentación atípica de la infección genitourinaria.