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1.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 23301, 2024 10 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39375415

ABSTRACT

Students play a key role in university social responsibility (USR), as they are the protagonists of change and the fundamental axis in the teaching-learning process. This study aims to assess the factors associated with the perception of university social responsibility among dental students from two universities in the Peruvian capital. This analytical cross-sectional study assessed 754 students from two Peruvian universities between May and July 2023. The study utilized a validated 51-item questionnaire to assess sociodemographic factors and dental students' perception of USR. A Poisson regression model with robust variance and prevalence ratio (PR) was used to assess the influence of variables such as age, sex, marital status, type of university, academic year, and awareness of taking subjects related to USR. The significance was set at p < 0.05. The perception of USR was rated as poor, fair, and good by 16%, 67%, and 17% of the participants, respectively. According to the study, dental students from public universities were 68% more likely to perceive their USR education as poor than those from private universities (APR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.06-2.66), and those who were aware of taking MSR-related courses were 37% less likely to perceive their USR education as poor (APR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40-0.98). Similarly, dental students attending public universities were 2.28 times more likely to perceive poor organizational management in USR compared to their counterparts at private universities (APR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.51-3.44). Additionally, students in their first and second academic years were 62% and 57% less likely to perceive poor organizational management in USR compared to those in their sixth year (APR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.19-0.79 and APR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.95; respectively). Furthermore, students from public universities were 2.31 times more likely to perceive social participation in USR poorly compared to their counterparts from private universities (APR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.63-3.26). Lastly, it was observed that students from public universities were 2.51 times more likely to have a poor overall perception of USR compared to students from private universities (APR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.67-3.78). Acknowledging the diverse contexts and challenges inherent in public and private institutions, it can be concluded that more than half of the dental students had a fair perception of USR. Additionally, attending a public university was found to be a risk factor for having a poor perception of USR. However, taking a course related to USR and being in the early years of the program were identified as protective factors against a poor perception of organizational training and management in USR. It is recommended that students be involved in USR activities, including the Sustainable Development Goals, from the first years of their university education, especially in public universities.


Subject(s)
Social Responsibility , Students, Dental , Humans , Students, Dental/psychology , Students, Dental/statistics & numerical data , Male , Female , Peru , Universities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adult , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Perception , Regression Analysis , Multivariate Analysis
4.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1407070, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39371213

ABSTRACT

Background: Despite the significant global burden of sexually transmitted infections (STI), detection rates are poor. Acceptance of these tests is influenced by several factors that have not been explored among Colombian medical students. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the behaviors and psychosocial factors toward STI screening among medical students of two universities in Pereira, Colombia, between March and June 2020. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with 284 medical students in the first 3 years of undergraduate at two universities. An online, self-administered survey was conducted between March 2020 and June 2020, using an instrument from the "STI Testing Questionnaire," to assess behaviors and psychosocial factors toward STI testing. Frequencies and percentages were used for descriptive analysis. The association between characteristics and psychosocial factors with STI testing intention was obtained using a logistic regression model. A p-value <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant for all analyses. Results: A total of 284 medical students participated in this study. The majority were female (56.7%), and 53.2% were from private universities. Eighty-four point 5% (84.5%) had risky sexual behaviors, and only 32.4% reported intentions to be tested for STIs. Among the psychosocial factors, 64.1% reported high social pressure, and 43.0% reported social fear. An association with the intention to undergo STI testing was identified in those who had been previously tested (OR = 2.486; 95% CI: 1.492-4.142) and in those who engaged in risky sexual behaviors (OR = 3.537; 95% CI: 1.437-8.704). Conclusion: Medical students exhibit a high prevalence of risky sexual behaviors but show a disturbing lack of intention to undergo STI screening. Prior experiences significantly influence screening intentions, while social pressure and fear also play a role. These insights can serve as a basis for targeted interventions to improve STI screening rates and enhance sexual health education among Colombian medical students.


Subject(s)
Intention , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Students, Medical , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Students, Medical/psychology , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Male , Colombia , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/psychology , Universities , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent
5.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 77(5): e20230499, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39383434

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to assess the association between indicators of emotional distress and dispositional mindfulness in health students at a Brazilian federal public university. METHODS: a cross-sectional study, developed with university students in the health area of a public institution from May to June 2022. In the analysis, multiple linear regression was used using SPSS software. RESULTS: the sample was mostly female, ≤ 22 years old, non-white, studying the first semesters, with a higher prevalence for the medicine course. Students presented moderate dispositional mindfulness scores. It was observed that the variables of stress, depression and current suicide risk were associated with the capacity for mindfulness. CONCLUSIONS: knowing the indicators of emotional distress that are related to the potential of mindfulness can contribute as a situational diagnosis to better design strategies that promote the improvement of emotional indicators of health students.


Subject(s)
Mindfulness , Psychological Distress , Students , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Male , Mindfulness/methods , Brazil , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Universities/organization & administration , Universities/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young Adult , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Adult , Adolescent
6.
F1000Res ; 13: 692, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39323977

ABSTRACT

Background: Private universities in Peru still need to implement digital transformation models to enhance the job performance of faculty and staff, achieving consistent improvement in the performance levels of university teachers by deploying technological and didactic tools for students. Therefore, the study aims to determine the relationship between digital transformation and the job performance of employees at a Private University. Methods: The research approach was quantitative, employing a non-experimental, longitudinal correlational design. The technique used was a survey, applied to a sample of 104 employees (school heads, faculty, and a director) from the university on a national level from a total population of 144. Results: Descriptive results reveal that the university has regularly adopted tools related to digital transformation. In particular, it has efficiently employed agile technologies, Big Data, and various technological means, benefiting 90% (52% and 38%) of the staff. The study also showed a high positive correlation (0.92>0.7) between digital transformation and the job performance of staff at the Private University, confirming that there is a significant connection between the variables studied. Conclusions: Therefore, creating an innovative culture across all hierarchical levels and identifying key technologies that add value to the learning flow can meet the needs of an increasingly demanding society.


Subject(s)
Work Performance , Universities , Humans , Peru , Male , Female , Adult , Faculty , Surveys and Questionnaires , Middle Aged
7.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 70(8): e20240416, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39230145

ABSTRACT

AIM: The research aimed to determine the attitudes of students studying in health-related departments toward sexual myths and the factors affecting them. METHODS: The study is descriptive research involving 287 students enrolled in health-related departments. The data were collected using a "Descriptive Information Form" and the "Sexual Myths Scale (SMS)" and analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 software package. The SPSS 22.0 package program was used to evaluate the data. In statistical analysis, Spearman correlation analysis was employed to determine the relationship between continuous variables and the SMS score, and the statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. RESULTS: The total score was found to be 53.57±17.54 (min: 28.00 to max: 140.00), reflecting a moderate level. There was a statistically significant difference between the total score of SMS according to gender, family type, maternal employment status, and paternal education level (p<0.05). It was also determined that male students, students whose mothers were unemployed, who lived in extended families, and whose fathers had low education had lower SMS scores. CONCLUSION: Despite students studying in health-related departments and receiving relevant courses, their level of sexual myths remains at a moderate level, indicating the presence of knowledge gaps and misconceptions in the subject matter. Therefore, it is crucial to implement comprehensive education and counseling services on reproductive and sexual health for all university students.


Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Sexual Behavior , Humans , Male , Female , Universities , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Brazil , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Students, Health Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Students, Health Occupations/psychology , Statistics, Nonparametric
8.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 77Suppl 1(Suppl 1): e20240040, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39230124

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the prevalence of negative affectivity in university students in the post-COVID-19 pandemic context and its relationship with academic performance and professional outlook. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate students from a public university in Minas Gerais between September 2022 and September 2023. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and psychosocial characterization questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21. The relationships between negative affectivity, academic performance, and professional outlook were verified using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: a total of 585 students participated in the study. A high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found among university students in the post-COVID-19 context, with a notable severity of anxiety. A negative association was detected between the investigated negative affectivity, academic performance, and professional outlook. CONCLUSIONS: the results indicate an emotional vulnerability in university students, with a relationship between negative affectivity and a decline in academic performance and professional outlook.


Subject(s)
Academic Performance , Anxiety , COVID-19 , Depression , SARS-CoV-2 , Students , Humans , COVID-19/psychology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Male , Female , Universities/organization & administration , Universities/statistics & numerical data , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Academic Performance/statistics & numerical data , Academic Performance/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/psychology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety/psychology , Young Adult , Adult , Pandemics , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Adolescent , Prevalence
9.
Nutrients ; 16(17)2024 Sep 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39275240

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The association between dietary nutritional patterns, psychological factors, and metabolic health status has not been investigated in university students. There are studies that include numerous variables to test hypotheses from various theoretical bases, but due to their complexity, they have not been studied in combination. The scientific community recognizes the use of Gaussian graphical models (GGM) as a set of novel methods capable of addressing this. OBJECTIVE: To apply GGMs to derive specific networks for groups of healthy and unhealthy obese individuals that represent nutritional, psychological, and metabolic patterns in an Ecuadorian population. METHODOLOGY: This was a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational study conducted on a sample of 230 obese/overweight university students, selected through a multi-stage random sampling method. To assess usual dietary intake, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used; to evaluate psychological profiles (anxiety, depression, and stress), the DASS-21 scale was employed; blood pressure and anthropometric data were collected; and insulin levels, lipid profiles, and glucose levels were determined using fasting blood samples. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were applied to identify metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals. Statistical analysis relied on univariate methods (frequencies, measures of central tendency, and dispersion), and the relationships were analyzed through networks. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between groups. RESULTS: In metabolically unhealthy obese individuals, GGMs identified a primary network consisting of the influence of waist circumference on blood pressure and insulin levels. In the healthy obese group, a different network was identified, incorporating stress and anxiety variables that influenced blood pressure, anthropometry, and insulin levels. Other identified networks show the dynamics of obesity and the effect of waist circumference on triglycerides, anxiety, and riboflavin intake. CONCLUSIONS: GGMs are an exploratory method that can be used to construct networks that illustrate the behavior of obesity in the studied population. In the future, the identified networks could form the basis for updating obesity management protocols in Primary Care Units and supporting clinical interventions in Ecuador.


Subject(s)
Diet , Obesity , Overweight , Students , Humans , Ecuador/epidemiology , Male , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Students/psychology , Universities , Young Adult , Obesity/psychology , Overweight/psychology , Adult , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Nutritional Status , Health Status , Adolescent
10.
BMC Psychol ; 12(1): 481, 2024 Sep 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39256869

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Remote education emerged as an option during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, this modality continues to be used by various universities around the world in the postpandemic context. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of digital skills and mobile self-efficacy in the influence of stress on the academic engagement of Peruvian university students during remote teaching by COVID-19 using structural equation modeling (SEM). METHOD: This study involved 1,468 students from nine public and private universities in northern Peru who had undergraduate and graduate distance learning programs. RESULTS: The results showed that stress negatively influenced academic engagement (ß=-0.107*) and digital skills (ß=-0.328***). In addition, digital skills (ß = 0.470**) and mobile self-efficacy (ß = 0.684***) positively influence academic engagement. Similarly, digital skills mediate the relationship between stress and academic engagement (ß=-0.154**), and both variables act as sequential mediators in this relationship (ß=-0.348***). CONCLUSION: This study provides a deeper understanding of the factors that influence academic engagement during Remote education and lays the groundwork for the development of interventions and training programs tailored to hybrid learning contexts that promote the well-being and academic success of college students in postpandemic times.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Education, Distance , Self Efficacy , Stress, Psychological , Students , Humans , Peru , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/psychology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Education, Distance/methods , Male , Universities , Female , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Young Adult , Adult , Adolescent
11.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 70(9): e20240343, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39292072

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of watching mukbang on eating behavior and to emphasize its importance. METHODS: Students from various faculties at universities constitute the sample for this study. A total of 483 individuals participated in the study: 358 (74.1%) women and 125 (25.9%) men. The age range of the sample group varies between 18 and 50 years (Mage=21.62; SD=3.85). In our study, the Emotional Eating Disorder Scale, the Mukbang Addiction Scale, and the Problematic Internet Use Scale were used. Reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlational analysis of the data were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 24. RESULTS: There appears to be a positive relationship between emotional eating, mukbang addiction, and problematic internet use. A positive relationship was also found between emotional eating and mukbang addiction. It was found that mukbang addiction had a partial mediator role in the effect of problematic internet use on emotional eating. CONCLUSION: In the relationship between problematic internet use and emotional eating, mukbang addiction has played a mediating role. Therefore, when conducting a study between emotional eating and problematic internet use, it may be useful to examine the frequency of mukbang watching behavior in individuals. It can be crucial to include these people in educational programs to control problematic internet use or the habit of watching mukbang.


Subject(s)
Emotions , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Internet Addiction Disorder , Students , Humans , Female , Male , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Young Adult , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Universities , Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology , Internet Addiction Disorder/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Middle Aged , Behavior, Addictive/psychology , Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Reproducibility of Results , Internet/statistics & numerical data
12.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 2460, 2024 Sep 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39256733

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of replacing time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) with moderate to vigorous physical activity on sleep quality in young adults. METHODS: Multicenter cross-sectional study, carried out with students enrolled in undergraduate courses at universities in Brazil. Sleep quality was assessed using a question of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-brief) and classified as good or poor sleep quality. SB was evaluated by self-reported total sitting time, and the level of leisure-time PA was classified according to the intensity of moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), which were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. An isotemporal replacement logistic model was used to evaluate the effects of different SB, MPA, and VPA sessions on sleep quality. RESULTS: A total of 8,059 study participants were evaluated, the majority had poor sleep quality (64.79%), were physically inactive (48.28%, defined as practicing < 150 min of MPA or < 75 min of VPA per week), and spent ≥ 9 h/day in SB (55.08%). The multivariate model showed an association between non-adherence to wake-based movement guidelines and poor sleep quality, where those with one altered behavior were 43% more likely to have poor sleep quality (OR:1.43;95%CI:1.27 to 1.60), while individuals with two altered behaviors were 97% more likely (OR:1.97;95%CI:1.73 to 2.24). In the isotemporal analysis, replacing MPA and VPA with equivalent time in SB increased the odds of poor sleep at all times assessed, with peaks of 56% for MPA and 68% for VPA. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that replacing SB with the same amount of MPA or VPA may reduce poor sleep quality.


Subject(s)
Exercise , Sedentary Behavior , Sleep Quality , Humans , Male , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Young Adult , Brazil , Time Factors , Adult , Adolescent , Surveys and Questionnaires , Self Report , Universities , Students/statistics & numerical data , Students/psychology , Quality of Life
13.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 77Suppl 2(Suppl 2): e20240092, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39230098

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the factors associated with university students' knowledge about HIV and preand post-exposure prophylaxis. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 503 university students from a southern state in Brazil; data were collected using a characterization tool and a questionnaire containing 16 statements about the topic; descriptive measures and Poisson regression models with robust variance were used for analysis. RESULTS: the prevalence of adequate knowledge (i.e., scoring more than 12 correct answers) was 27.83%; students older than 24 years, enrolled in health-related courses, who had not engaged in sexual relations in the last quarter, with a history of rapid HIV testing, and who knew or had heard about the prophylaxes showed a higher likelihood of scoring more than 12 correct answers. CONCLUSIONS: generally, the knowledge of young people about HIV and its prophylaxes was found to be inadequate and influenced by sociodemographic, educational, and behavioral factors.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis , Students , Humans , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Infections/psychology , Female , Universities/organization & administration , Brazil , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods , Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
15.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 881, 2024 Aug 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39148093

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To date, there are no sufficient studies aimed to determine a correlation between personal, academic, and psychological variables with academic achievement, measured with the grade point average (GPA) and intelligence in university students according to each sex. STUDY AIM: To determine the correlation between studying strategies, personal and psychological factors with GPA and intelligence in a sample of health sciences university students. METHODS: Health Sciences university students, were invited to participate, those who accepted were cited in a computer room where they signed an informed consent and filled an electronic questionnaire with sociodemographic, behavioral, psychological variables and studying strategies (from the MLSQ instrument) afterwards they performed a verbal and non-verbal intelligence test (Shipley-2). RESULTS: A total of 439 students were included, from which 297 (67.7%) were women. The mean of age was 20.34 ± 2.61 years old. We found that no differences in GPA where observed between sexes. We detected a higher correlation between combined intelligence and GPA in women than in men. In addition, most studying strategies showed a higher correlation with GPA than intelligence scores in men´s sample. All these findings coincide with the fact that preparatory GPA was the most correlated variable with university GPA in both sexes. Finally, women showed higher levels of the sum of diseases, somatization, anxiety, depression and academic stress than men, and all these variables showed low significant correlations with the combined intelligence score only in women´s sample. CONCLUSION: Verbal and non-verbal intelligence scores show a lower association to GPA in men than in women, while studying strategies showed a higher association with GPA in men than in women.


Subject(s)
Academic Success , Intelligence , Humans , Male , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Young Adult , Universities , Sex Factors , Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent , Students, Health Occupations/psychology , Students/psychology
16.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1447649, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39188803

ABSTRACT

Background: The significant changes experienced by university students in their training are inherent to educational processes. Social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, online education and the reopening of higher-education institutions produced substantial variations in the lifestyle of university students in health sciences and generated academic stress and perceived stress. This study was conducted at the National University of Chimborazo (UNACH), a public institution located in Riobamba, central Ecuador, the diverse student's population provided an ideal setting for examining the interplay between academic and perceived stress, lifestyle factors, and learning modalities. The research focused on health sciences students across six academic programs. The university's geographical position and demographic characteristics offered a representative sample for investigating these factors within the context changing. Aim: To compare academic and perceived stress and university students' lifestyles at two different periods: (1) during the mandatory social confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic with an online learning modality (T1); (2) in the post-pandemic period with a return to face-to-face activities (T2). Design: An observational, analytical, quantitative, and longitudinal study. Participants: Students from six programs (Nursing, Physiotherapy, Clinical Laboratory, Medicine, Dentistry, and Clinical Psychology) from the Faculty of Health of the National University of Chimborazo-Ecuador (n = 2,237) participated voluntarily, the students had one mean age of M = 21.31 (SD = 2.36) at T1 and M = 22.94 (SD = 2.40) at T2. Non-probability convenience sampling was employed due to the accessibility of the student population and the importance of including the maximum number of relevant individuals within the study population. Methods: The following instruments were used: Nola Pender's Lifestyle Profile Questionnaire, Cognitive Systemic Inventory for the study of academic stress, and Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale. Results: In T1 and T2, students reported high levels of stress, and increased unhealthy lifestyle increased with the return to classrooms. Additionally, upon returning to face-to-face activities (T2), the mean score applied to the responses of Nola Pender's Lifestyle Profile Questionnaire decreased from M = 113.34 (SD = 23.02) to M = 107.2 (SD = 29.70; p < 0.001). There was significant difference (p < 0.001) in academic stress in T1 [M = 66.25 (SD = 15.66)] and T2 [M = 64.00 (SD = 17.91)]. Conclusions: Upon returning to university classrooms (T2), the number of students who reported an "unhealthy" lifestyle increased. Academic stress was high in T1 and T2 and was reported higher in online activities during social isolation.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Life Style , Stress, Psychological , Humans , Ecuador/epidemiology , Male , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/psychology , Female , Longitudinal Studies , Universities , Young Adult , Adult , Education, Distance/statistics & numerical data , Students, Health Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Students, Health Occupations/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , SARS-CoV-2
17.
Ann Glob Health ; 90(1): 50, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39139447

ABSTRACT

Background: The World Health Organization declared the end of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2023, three years after the adoption of global emergency measures. Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage underscores its importance due to its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, highlighting the need to prioritize research on water resources and sanitation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in the sewage system of a higher education institution located in Vitória Espírito Santo State, Maruípe campus. Methods: Over a period of 66 days, from February 6 to April 12, 2023, 15 samples were collected. Each sample consisted of 1 L, collected in 1 hour, with 250 mL collected every 15 minutes. The samples were characterized by assessing their appearance, and pH was measured using a Horiba U-50 multiparameter probe. The extracted RNA was subjected to RT-qPCR using the Allplex™ 2019-nCovAssay Seegene kit. Results: The samples exhibited a cloudy appearance with impurities, and the pH ranged from 6.35 to 8.17. Among the evaluated samples, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in two, and, by comparing this with the epidemiological bulletin issued by the State Health Department, an increase in cases in the state was observed during the collection period of these samples. Conclusions: Sewage monitoring proved to be an important tool in this post-pandemic period, serving as an alert and prevention mechanism for the population in relation to new outbreaks. Furthermore, it represents a low-cost mapping strategy and extensive testing of a population, aligning with the studies presented at the beginning of the pandemic. We recommend specific adjustments considering distinct populations.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Sewage , Sewage/virology , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , RNA, Viral/analysis , Universities
18.
Cien Saude Colet ; 29(8): e06032023, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39140542

ABSTRACT

The condom use can be influenced by psychological and sociocultural aspects, which can be modulated by individual's attitudes. The aim was to propose a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale (Short-Form CAS), describing all procedures of translation, transcultural adaptation, and psychometric properties evaluation when applied to undergraduate students. A cross sectional study was conducted among students enrolled at University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Ribeirão Preto (n = 491; 61.2% female; average age: 22 years; standard deviation: four years). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. A one-factor model with seven items exhibited good factorial validity and reliability, suggesting to be a better factorial solution of the Short-Form CAS in the sample. Few studies have been carried out on the behavioral factors associated with condom use in key populations, which can be exacerbated by a lack of appropriate scales. Therefore, the main contribution of the present study was to propose a simplified and transculturally adapted version of the Short-form CAS with some psychometric properties verified. Since the use of condoms is a component of the study of sexual risk behavior, this scale might be an option to be applied in various Brazilian population segments for this purpose.


Subject(s)
Condoms , Psychometrics , Students , Translations , Humans , Condoms/statistics & numerical data , Students/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Male , Brazil , Female , Young Adult , Universities , Reproducibility of Results , Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Sexual Behavior , Risk-Taking
19.
Georgian Med News ; (350): 88-94, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39089277

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and their relationship with different grades of cytological lesions in female students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the National University of Chimborazo. Material and Methods: The research had a quantitative and descriptive approach, with a comparative analysis of HPV genotypes and cytological lesions in students of the Faculty of Health Sciences. It is an experimental and field study, cross-sectional and retrospective, conducted from November 2023 to March 2024. Thirty students were selected by quota sampling, analyzing conventional cytology and data using SPSS 26. The results showed that 75.8% of the samples had Bethesda Negative results, whereas 24.2% had some degree of cytological lesion (ASC-US 13.7%, L-SIL 8.1%, H-SIL 1.6%, and ASC-H 0.8%). Genotyping showed the high prevalence of HPV, with HPV 18 and 33 being the most common high-risk genotypes. The most common low-risk indicators were HPV 43 and 42. Conclusions: The study confirmed the high prevalence of HPV among female university students and established a significant correlation between high-risk genotypes and the presence of more severe cytological lesions. These findings underscore the need for interventions aimed at prevention and early treatment of HPV, especially in high-risk populations.


Subject(s)
Genotype , Papillomaviridae , Papillomavirus Infections , Students , Humans , Female , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Universities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Young Adult , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Adult , Retrospective Studies , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Prevalence , Adolescent , Vaginal Smears , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology
20.
Gac Med Mex ; 160(2): 202-210, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39116848

ABSTRACT

In Mexico, it is not known which institutions use animals for scientific purposes. This work reports, based on data requested from the National Institute of Transparency, Access to Information and Protection of Personal Data (INAI), the types of institutions that use animals for research and how many of these have an ethics committee. Research centres, colleges, hospitals, national institutes, technical colleges, and public universities are the types of institutions that report using animals for experimentation. Only 54% of institutions have ethics committees. Mexican institutions from 2015 to 2021 used a total of 2,112,786 animals. Mammals are the most widely used animal group. The scientific purposes for using animals depend on the type of institution that uses them. In Mexico, it is necessary to update the regulations in order to regulate the use, protection and the care of laboratory animals.


En México se desconoce cuáles son las instituciones que utilizan animales con fines científicos. Se reporta, a partir de datos solicitados al Instituto Nacional de Transparencia, Acceso a la Información y Protección de Datos Personales (INAI), los tipos de instituciones que usan animales y cuántas poseen un comité interno para el cuidado y uso de los animales de laboratorio. Los centros de investigación, colegios, hospitales, institutos nacionales, tecnológicos y universidades públicas son los tipos de instituciones que reportaron usar animales. El 54% de las instituciones poseen comités de ética. Un total de 2,112,786 animales fueron usados por instituciones del 2015 al 2021. Los mamíferos es el grupo animal más utilizado. El uso de los animales se encuentra en función del tipo de institución que los utiliza. En México, es necesario actualizar la normatividad, con el fin de regular el uso, la protección y el cuidado de los animales de laboratorio.


Subject(s)
Animal Experimentation , Mexico , Animals , Animal Experimentation/ethics , Animals, Laboratory , Universities , Humans
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