Asymptomatic uterine perforation and IUD migration to the broad ligament: A case report.

RATIONALE: Uterine perforation is a serious complication of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) placement. However, as complete uterine perforation and extrauterine migration may remain asymptomatic, thorough localization of the IUD is important prior to reinsertion. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 33-year-old patient who has had 4 IUD insertions, wherein the location of the first IUD (inserted 14 years ago) was not identified prior to reinsertion and replacement of the subsequent three. She presented to hospital with a 6-month history of abdominal pain. Pelvic ultrasonography (US), radiography, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy examinations confirmed that a retained migrated IUD in the right broad ligament. DIAGNOSIS: Uterine perforation, IUD migration to the broad ligament. INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. OUTCOMES: Both IUDs were successfully removed without any complications.

Development and validation of a novel scoring system to predict the risk of uterine perforation during intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a novel scoring system for predicting the risk of uterine perforation during brachytherapy (BT) in cervical cancer patients and to stratify patients based on this score to guide the use of ultrasound guidance during BT. METHODS: Fifty patients with uterine perforation during BT between January 2018 and December 2020 were included. Common reasons for perforation were identified and a scoring system was developed. This was then applied to a cohort of 50 patients without perforation. The 2 cohorts were compared using the χ² test. To validate the scoring system, all newly diagnosed patients who underwent BT in 2021 were scored, and analysed using χ² test and receiver operator characteristic curves. RESULTS: The mean score in the test cohort was 10.16 (range=7-14) and 5.92 (range=5-8) for patients with and without perforation. In the validation cohort, the mean score was 6.9 (range=5-10) and 9.33 (range=7-11) for those with and without perforation. Patients with a score <8 were classified as low risk, while those with a score ≥8 were classified as high risk. Among the criteria evaluated for validation, response to external beam radiotherapy, uterine position, cervico-uterine angle (uterine flexion), identification of cervical os at BT assessment, and the total score were significant predictors, while previous history of perforation, uterine length, and additional uterine anomaly were not. CONCLUSION: The novel scoring system is an effective predictor of perforation risk during BT. Implementing this during BT assessment can optimize the need for ultrasound guidance during the procedure.

Migración de un dispositivo intrauterino a vejiga con litiasis vesical secundaria y cistitis recurrente como forma clínica de presentación. Reporte de caso / Migration of an intrauterine device to the bladder with secondary bladder lithiasis and recurrent cystitis as a clinical presentation. Case report

RESUMEN Fundamento: El dispositivo intrauterino ha sido utilizado durante muchos años como método anticonceptivo; una complicación infrecuente posterior a su inserción es la migración fuera del útero. La localización vesical y la formación de vesicolitiasis, son complicaciones asociadas a la migración. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de migración de un dispositivo intrauterino a vejiga con litiasis sobreañadida como inusual etiología de una cistitis recurrente. Presentación del caso: Caso clínico de un dispositivo intrauterino en vejiga en una paciente de 43 años, cuyo diagnóstico se realizó incidentalmente en estudio de cistitis recurrente; se diagnosticó imagenológica y endoscópicamente en consulta de Urología; se decidió tratamiento quirúrgico mediante cistolitotomía a cielo abierto y se extrajo un cálculo de 4x5 cm de diámetro. La paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente. Conclusiones: Considérese la posibilidad de migración del dispositivo intrauterino a la vejiga con litiasis sobreañadida como causa de cistitis recurrente, en pacientes femeninas que tengan antecedente de uso de este método anticonceptivo, lo que constituye un elemento importante en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la infección urinaria baja.

ABSTRACT Background: The intrauterine device has been used for years as a contraceptive method; a non-frequent complication after its insertion is migration out of the uterus. The bladder location and the formation of vesicolithiasis are complications associated with migration. Objective: To present a migration case from an intrauterine device to the bladder with overadded lithiasis as an unusual etiology of recurrent cystitis. Case report: Clinical case of an intrauterine device in the bladder in a 43-year-old patient, whose diagnosis was made incidentally in a recurrent cystitis study, it was diagnosed by imaging and endoscopy in the Urology consultation; surgical treatment was decided by means of open cystolithotomy and a stone 4x5 cm in diameter was extracted. The patient evolved satisfactorily. Conclusions: To consider the possibility of migration of the intrauterine device to the bladder with overadded lithiasis as a cause of recurrent cystitis in female patients who have a preceding use of this contraceptive method, thus it constitutes an important element in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary lower infection.

Migración de dispositivo intrauterino a vejiga / Intrauterine device migration to bladder

Introducción: La litiasis vesical secundaria se forma en el reservorio vesical y requiere la existencia de condiciones patológicas previas como lo son los cuerpos extraños. Objetivo: Describir dos casos clínicos de litiasis vesical secundaria a migración de un dispositivo intrauterino. Caso clínico: Se presentan dos casos de migración intravesical de dispositivo intrauterino con litiasis vesical secundaria. Se diagnosticaron años después de su inserción, ante la aparición de dolor pélvico, cistitis a repetición y hematuria. La laparoscopia no fue útil para su diagnóstico. En consulta de Urología la ultrasonografía y la radiografía de pelvis fueron herramientas diagnósticas útiles ante la sospecha inicial de esta patología. Presentaron buena evolución y regresión total de los síntomas tras cistolitotomía suprapúbica. Conclusión: Se debe pensar en la posibilidad de migración de un dispositivo intrauterino a vejiga ante la cronicidad de síntomas urinarios irritativos bajos en toda mujer que emplee este método anticonceptivo y desconozca su paradero(AU)

Introduction: Secondary bladder lithiasis is formed in the bladder reservoir and requires the existence of previous pathological conditions such as foreign bodies. Objective: To describe two clinical cases of bladder lithiasis secondary to intrauterine device migration. Clinical case report: Two cases of intravesical migration of an intrauterine device with secondary bladder stones are reported. They were diagnosed years after insertion, due to the appearance of pelvic pain, recurrent cystitis and hematuria. Laparoscopy was not helpful for its diagnosis. In Urology consultation, ultrasound and pelvic radiography were useful diagnostic tools in the event of the initial suspicion of this pathology. They showed good evolution and total regression of symptoms after suprapubic cystolithotomy. Conclusion: The possibility of an intrauterine device migration to the bladder should be considered when chronicity of irritative low urinary symptoms in every woman who uses this contraceptive method and which locations are unknown(AU)

Hemoperitoneum: a complication of loop electrosurgical excision procedure

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is commonly performed for the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Although LEEP is considered to be a relatively simple procedure, several unexpected complications have been reported in the literature. Herein, we report a case of hemoperitoneum caused by uterine perforation following LEEP. Blood collection in pelvic cavity and two small defects of the uterus were confirmed by diagnostic laparoscopy. The defects were sutured and the patient recovered well after the operation.

Dolor abdominal en puerperio. Perforación uterina y formación de pseudoquiste peritoneal / Abdominal pain in the puerperium. Uterine perforation and peritoneal pseudocyst formation

Debido al número creciente de la tasa de cesáreas, el riesgo de rotura uterina probablemente aumentará. La mayoría aparecen intraparto, siendo más raro un diagnóstico durante el postparto. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 35 años de edad con antecedente de cesárea anterior hace 4 años que acude a urgencias con un cuadro de dolor abdominal y empeoramiento del estado general, tras parto instrumental 2 semanas antes (AU)

Due to increasing rate of cesarean deliveries, the risk of uterine rupture would probably rise. Most of them appear during labour, being less common a postpartum period diagnosis. Our case report describes a 35-year-old woman with previous caesarean section 4 years ago, who goes to emergency services with abdominal pain and poor performance status after having an instrumental delivery 2 weeks before (AU)

Delayed intestinal perforation and vertebral osteomyelitis after high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for uterine leiomyoma

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive uterine fibroid treatment option for patients who want to preserve fertility. However, according to several reports regarding ablation of solid tumors by HIFU, there are rare complications in patients with uterine leiomyomas, and overall data are still insufficient. Here, we report rare and major complications of HIFU, such as delayed intestinal perforation, uterine perforation with recto-uterine fistula, and osteomyelitis 29 days after the HIFU procedure to treat multiple myomas. Thus, we present a very serious case resulting from HIFU treatment of uterine fibroids and a review of the literature.

Persistent low-level elevation of serum human chorionic gonadotropin after termination of pregnancy: a rare case of peritoneal trophoblastic implant

Peritoneal trophoblastic implant can occur after treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Similarly, after termination of intrauterine pregnancy, trophoblastic implants are rare but can be a complication of perforation during dilatation and curettage. We report an extremely rare case of trophoblastic implant on the myometrium, ovarian surface, and peritoneal wall 4 months after uncomplicated dilatation and curettage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of peritoneal trophoblastic implant following dilatation and curettage without uterine perforation. Knowledge of this case is useful for the management of patients with persistent low-level elevation of serum human chorionic gonadotropin after termination of pregnancy.

Migración rectal de dispositivo intrauterino / Rectal migration of intrauterine device

Fundamento y objetivo: Los dispositivos intrauterinos (DIU), constituyen el 23% del uso general de las medidas contraceptivas reversibles en todo el mundo. Entre las complicaciones más graves secundarias a su uso, destacan la perforación uterina y la migración del dispositivo. Material y método: Se presenta un caso de migración de DIU a través de pared rectal en una mujer de 40 años, que acude al servicio de urgencias por dolor brusco y rectorragia. A la exploración física se objetiva el componente horizontal del DIU saliendo a través del orificio anal y mediante tacto rectal se palpa el componente vertical alojado en recto; localización que se verifica mediante la realización de una TC abdominopélvica. En este caso, se realizó una extracción colonoscópica del cuerpo extraño. Conclusiones: En general, cuando una perforación es identificada, se recomienda la extracción del dispositivo lo antes posible. Para ello se pueden usar técnicas endoscópicas o quirúrgicas, en función de la localización, por lo que cada caso debe ser individualizado

Background and objectives: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) constitutes the 23% of the general use of reversible contraceptive measures in the world. Among the most serious complications secondary to its use include uterine perforation and migration of the device. Patients and methods: A case of migration of IUD through rectal wall is presented in a woman of 40 years old, who came to the emergency department with sudden pain and rectal bleeding. The physical examination aimed to the horizontal component of the IUD getting out through the anal canal and hosted by DRE the vertical component at right is palpable. This localization is verified by performing abdominal and pelvic CT. In this case, a colonoscopic removal of foreign body was made. Conclusions: In general, when a perforation is identified, the extraction of the device is recommended as soon as possible. Endoscopic techniques or surgery could be use for it depending on the location; so that each case must be individualized

Giant invasive mole presenting as a cause of abdominopelvic mass in a perimenopausal woman: An unusual presentation of a rare pathology

Invasive mole is a benign gestational trophoblastic disease that arises from the myometrial invasion of any gestational event via direct extension through tissue or vascular structures. Invasive mole (and other gestational trophoblastic diseases) may present with life-threatening complications including uterine perforation, excessive bleeding, acute hemoperitoneum, and abdominal pain. We report a case of invasive mole presenting as abdominal distention in a 51-year-old perimenopausal woman (gravida 12, para 12, abortion 0). The patient was admitted to the gynecology clinic with a giant uterine mass filling the pelvic and abdominal cavity. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature of a gestational trophoblastic neoplasia presenting with uterine mass of 28 weeks' gestational size in this age group. Interestingly, complications such as uterine rupture or invasion of the adjacent structures (such as parametrial tissues or blood vessels) had not developed in our patient despite the considerable enlargement of the uterus.

Dispositivo intrauterino migrado a la cavidad abdominal con embarazo intrauterino no evolutivo: reporte de caso / Intrauterine device migrated to the abdominal cavity with non-progressive intrauterine pregnancy: case report

La migración de un dispositivo intrauterino a la cavidad abdominal es una complicación poco frecuente de este eficaz método contraceptivo, sin embargo debe sospecharse ante la imposibilidad de visualizar los hilos del dispositivo vía vaginal y la ausencia intrauterina del mismo por ecografía. Si bien la migración abdominal puede ser asintomática, algunos casos pueden producir clínica de severidad variable incluyendo dolor abdominal y complicaciones derivadas de la formación de adherencias o la perforación de vísceras pélvicas y abdominales. Su detección intraabdominal debe sospecharse en primer lugar por ecografía y confirmarse mediante radiología simple de abdomen. Una vez localizado el dispositivo migrado, se recomienda su extracción inmediata, incluso en casos asintomáticos, con el fin de evitar las complicaciones derivadas de su desplazamiento. La laparoscopia será de primera elección en estos casos para la extracción. Presentamos un caso de migración intraabdominal de dispositivo intrauterino concurrente a un embarazo intrauterino no evolutivo.

Migration of an intrauterine device to the abdominal cavity is a rare complication of this effective contraceptive method, however, it must be suspected upon the inability to visualize the wires vaginally and the absence of intrauterine device by ultrasound. While its abdominal migration can be asymptomatic, some cases may produce variable clinical severity including abdominal pain and complications resulting from the formation of adhesions or perforation of pelvic and abdominal viscera. Its intraabdominal detection should be suspected first by ultrasound and confirmed by plain abdominal X-ray. Once the migrated device is located, immediate removal is recommended, even in asymptomatic cases, in order to avoid complications arising from its displacement. Laparoscopy will be the first choice in these cases for extraction. We report a case of intraabdominal migration of intrauterine device concurrent with a non-evolutive intrauterine pregnancy.

Invading of intrauterine contraceptive device into the sigmoid colon through uterine perforation caused by a blunt trauma / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is relatively safe but still with some serious risks. Uterus perforation is rare and would be fatal. A case of Cu-7 IUCD invading into the sigmoid colon through uterine perforation caused by a pelvic blunt trauma was presented. Our case showed that uterus perforation by an IUCD could induce utero-sigmoid fistula which is likely to be missed. Imaging is required when the patients with IUCD present abdominal pain, particularly with a history of trauma.

Perforación uterina espontánea por piometra secundaria a estenosis cervical / Spontaneous uterine perforation due to pyometra secondary to cervical stenosis

Se presenta un caso de perforación uterina espontánea secundaria a piometra. La perforación uterina es una rara entidad que afecta principalmente a mujeres posmenopáusicas debido a la retención de las secreciones de la cavidad uterina por obstrucción del canal cervical. Su presentación clínica es inespecífica, con dolor abdominal bajo, fiebre, vómitos y datos analíticos de infección, y sus complicaciones potencialmente graves, como peritonitis o shock séptico, de ahí la importancia de su diagnóstico precoz mediante técnicas de imagen (AU)

This paper reports a case of spontaneous perforation due to pyometra. Spontaneous uterine perforation is a rare event that usually affects postmenopausal women. It is secondary to retention of purulent secretions in the uterine cavity caused by obstruction of the cervical canal. The diagnosis is difficult to establish because the clinical presentation is nonspecific and includes abdominal pain, fever, vomiting and laboratory data indicating infection. An early imaging diagnosis is mandatory due to the potentially severe complications of this event such as peritonitis and septic shock (AU)

Apendicite aguda e perfuração colônica provocada por DIU com abordagem videolaparoscópica / Appendicitis and colonic perforation caused by intrauterine contraceptiv e device with a videolaparoscopic approch

A perfuração uterina é uma das principais complicações relacionadas à inserção de dispositivo intrauterino (DIU), podendo provocar danos a órgãos intra-abdominais. O artigo tem como objetivo descrever o caso de uma paciente tratada por videolaparoscopia após o diagnóstico de apendicite e perfuração colônica, causadas por DIU em cavidade abdominal. A perfuração uterina deve sempre ser considerada nos casos de dor pélvica em pacientes que fazem uso de DIU, sendo a videolaparoscopia um método seguro para a retirada do corpo estranho e tratamento das lesões de órgãos intracavitários.

Uterus perforation is one of the major complications caused by insertion of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUD), being able to provoke injury to intraabdominal organs. This article describes the case of a patient treated laparoscopically after having the diagnosis of appendicitis and colonic perforation caused by IUD within abdominal cavity. The uterus perforation must always be considered in cases of pelvic pain in female patients using IUD, and videolaparocopy is a safe procedure to remove the device and treat abdominal organs damages.

Spontaneous Uterine Perforation from Pyometra: A Case Report

Pyometra is the accumulation of pus in the uterine cavity. The incidence of pyometra in elderly patients is approximately 13.6%. Abdominal pain, fever, and vaginal discharge are the usual symptoms, but about half of the cases of uncomplicated pyometra have no specific symptoms. Spontaneous uterine rupture, resulting from complications of pyometra, is extremely rare. We report a case of spontaneous uterine rupture due to pyometra. A 77-year-old female patient who complained of nausea, abdominal pain, and poor oral intake (which started the day before) was transferred from the local hospital after having taken an abdominal CT. She had been bedridden for a year and had a history of hypertension, cerebral infarction, and colon cancer (for which she had a successful operation 12 years prior). Upon arrival, the patient was alert and her vital signs were: blood pressure of 113/78 mmHg, temperature of 36.9degrees C, respiratory rate of 22/min, and a pulse rate of 99/min. Her bowel sound was normal and physical examinations indicated a rigid abdomen with tenderness and rebound tenderness. Free air was observed in the abdominal CT and panperitonitis, due to uterine perforation resulting from pyometra, was also suggested. Hence, an emergency operation was undertaken. During the operation, the fundus of the uterus was found to be perforated with a 1 cmx1 cm-sized passage and a purulent discharge was apparent. Both the adnexa and bowel showed adhesion, but there was no bowel perforation or evident cancerous lesion. Entercoccus faecalis was cultured from both the cervical discharge and tissue obtained during operation. In summary, emergency physicians may consider uterine perforation due to pyometra in elderly woman with peritonitis.

Retención intraabdominal de feto posterior a legrado uterino. Comunicación de un caso / Intrabadominal retention of a fetus after uterine curettage. Case report

La perforación uterina durante el primer trimestre posterior a legrado uterino es una complicación rara que ocurre en el 0,02 a 0,4% de todos los procedimientos y la salida del feto o alguna de sus partes es aún menos común. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 19 años, gesta I, aborto I quien consulta por dolor abdominal una semana después de la realización de legrado uterino. Se realiza laparotomía exploratoria encontrándose perforación en la cara posterior del cuerno uterino derecho con presencia del feto en el fondo de saco de Douglas (AU)

Uterine perforation during the first trimester after uterine curettage is a rare complication that occurs in 0.02% to 0.4% of all procedures. The presence of fetus or any of its parts is even less common. We report the case of a 19-year-old patient, gravida I, abortion I, who presented with abdominal pain 1 week after a curettage. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, revealing a perforation in the posterior portion of the right uterine horn with the presence of a fetus in the pouch of Douglas (AU)

Caso interesante de lámina amniótica / Interesting case of amniotic sheet

Antecedentes: Las anormalidades de las membranas intrauterinas amnióticas del embarazo incluye 1) bridas amnióticas, 2) adherencias intrauterinas que condicionan las sinequias y las láminas amnióticas y 3) tabiques uterinos. Son un diagnóstico frecuente en el examen ultrasonográfico rutinario en embarazadas. La lámina amniótica es una lámina de tejido aberrante visualizado dentro de la cavidad uterina, resultado de una sinequia que es rodeada por el amnios y el corion que se expande, es de naturaleza benigna, no produce restricción a la movilidad fetal ni deformidad del mismo. Caso Clínico: Paciente de 23 años de edad, con historia gineco-obstétrica de 2 gestas, el primer embarazo término en aborto, por lo que se le realizo legrado uterino instrumentado, a las 29 7/4 semanas gestacionales se detecta con ultrasonido convencional, una lámina amniótica completa a nivel del segmento inferior del útero. A las 38 semanas presenta ruptura prematura de membranas, por lo que se realiza cesárea sin complicaciones, obteniéndose recién nacido femenino con APGAR 8 y 9 a los 15 minutos respectivamente, con peso de 2945 g, sin anormalidades estructurales, además la placenta y el cordón umbilical no evidenciarón ninguna anormalidad. Conclusión: Las anormalidades de las membranas amnióticas son de reciente descripción y se desconoce su frecuencia, la lámina amniótica es más común que las bandas, la etiología no está bien establecida, pero una de las teorías más aceptada es que son consecuencia de sinequias, debido a infecciones, procedimientos quirúrgicos, instrumentación uterina, entre ellos el legrado como se presentó en este caso...

Perforación uterina y de colon sigmoides por dispositivo intrauterino / Uterine and sigmoid colon perforation due to an intrauterine device

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