ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Tobacco is the main cause of non-communicable disease and premature death globally. Implementing restrictive school tobacco policies such as smoke-free-school-hours (SFSH) may have the potential to reduce smoking among Vocational Education and Training (VET) school students. To be effective, school tobacco policies that largely involve strict and consistent enforcement by both managers and teaching teaching staff must be implemented. This study investigated the attitudes towards the implementation of SFSH among the managers and teaching staff at Danish VET schools. METHODS: The analyses were based on cross-sectional survey data collected with an online survey among managers and teaching staff at Danish VET schools. The data was collected from March to June 2017. RESULTS: Managers and teaching staff (n = 571) from 71 out of 87 Danish VET schools (81.6%) took part in the survey. In the adjusted analysis, teaching staff were twice as likely as managers to have a favourable attitude towards SFSH. Furthermore, being female and of increasing age correlated with having a favourable attitude. A trend towards schools in favour of SFSH having more health promotion facilities, policy and practice, was identified. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Existing health promotion facilities and activities at the schools were associated with a favorable attitude among the management towards implementing SFSH. Thus, implementing other health promotion activities and policies might be an important first step to establish readiness to implement SFSH.
Subject(s)
Health Promotion/legislation & jurisprudence , School Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence , School Teachers/psychology , Smoke-Free Policy , Vocational Education/legislation & jurisprudence , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Denmark , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Promotion/methods , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Possessing the skills needed to successfully perform higher-paying jobs in the 21st century remains a significant barrier to employment for people with disabilities. (1) The labor participation rate for people with disabilities is 20 percent, compared to 68 percent for those without a disability. (2) The U.S. Army offers a summer apprenticeship program for high school students from groups historically under-represented in science, technology, engineering and math subjects, including students with disabilities.
Subject(s)
Disabled Persons/education , Disabled Persons/legislation & jurisprudence , Employment/legislation & jurisprudence , Inservice Training/legislation & jurisprudence , Vocational Education/legislation & jurisprudence , Federal Government , Humans , State Government , Unemployment , United StatesSubject(s)
Community Mental Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Employment, Supported/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Rehabilitation, Vocational/psychology , Germany , Guideline Adherence , Health Services Needs and Demand/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Vocational Education/legislation & jurisprudence , Work Capacity EvaluationSubject(s)
Community Mental Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Employment, Supported/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Rehabilitation, Vocational/psychology , Germany , Guideline Adherence/legislation & jurisprudence , Mental Disorders/psychology , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Persons with Mental Disabilities/legislation & jurisprudence , Persons with Mental Disabilities/psychology , Persons with Mental Disabilities/rehabilitation , Vocational Education/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
We consider the political and legal features and the possibility of operating a new medical specialty in the light of current legal requirements. The paper presents the review of the most pressing issues of modern law enforcement practices and features of the implementation of the rights and interests of the physician and the employer in terms of the search for a balance of interests and reasonable approach not contradicting to legal norms.
Subject(s)
Dentists/education , Education, Dental, Continuing/legislation & jurisprudence , Vocational Education/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Legislation, Dental , RussiaABSTRACT
During the 1990s reforms to the US welfare system introduced new time limits on people's eligibility to receive public assistance. These limits were developed to encourage welfare recipients to seek employment. Little is known about how such social policy programs may have affected participants' health. We explored whether the Florida Family Transition Program randomized trial, a welfare reform experiment, led to long-term changes in mortality among participants. The Florida program included a 24-36-month time limit for welfare participation, intensive job training, and placement assistance. We linked 3,224 participants from the experiment to 17-18 years of prospective mortality follow-up data and found that participants in the program experienced a 16 percent higher mortality rate than recipients of traditional welfare. If our results are generalizable to national welfare reform efforts, they raise questions about whether the cost savings associated with welfare reform justify the additional loss of life.
Subject(s)
Aid to Families with Dependent Children/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Status , Mortality, Premature/trends , Social Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Aid to Families with Dependent Children/economics , Aid to Families with Dependent Children/trends , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Employment/economics , Employment/legislation & jurisprudence , Employment/trends , Florida/epidemiology , Humans , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Proportional Hazards Models , Public Policy/economics , Public Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Policy/trends , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Social Welfare/economics , Social Welfare/trends , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , United States , Vocational Education/economics , Vocational Education/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
Although the exact prevalence is not determined, a noticeable subset of individuals who enroll in adult education and training programs have either diagnosed or undiagnosed specific learning disabilities (SLD). Understanding SLD is important basic information for adult educators to inform program policies as well as determine effective instructional practices. This article discusses the development of definitions of SLD and current agreement on the nature of SLD relevant to working with adults. It concludes with implications for adult education programs.
Subject(s)
Education, Special/legislation & jurisprudence , Eligibility Determination/legislation & jurisprudence , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Learning Disabilities/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Cooperative Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Curriculum , Disabled Persons/education , Disabled Persons/legislation & jurisprudence , Education, Special/organization & administration , Educational Measurement , Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Interdisciplinary Communication , Learning Disabilities/epidemiology , Reading , United States , Vocational Education/legislation & jurisprudence , Young AdultABSTRACT
In recent years, several middle-income countries, including Chile, Mexico and Uruguay, have increased the availability of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services. These developments have received little scholarly attention so far, resulting in the (surely unintended) impression that Latin American social policy is tied to a familialist track, when in reality national and regional trends are more varied and complex. This article looks at recent efforts to expand ECEC services in Chile and Mexico. In spite of similar concerns over low female labour force participation and child welfare, the approaches of the two countries to service expansion have differed significantly. While the Mexican programme aims to kick-start and subsidize home- and community-based care provision, with a training component for childminders, the Chilean programme emphasizes the expansion of professional ECEC services provided in public institutions. By comparing the two programmes, this article shows that differences in policy design have important implications in terms of the opportunities the programmes are able to create for women and children from low-income families, and in terms of the programmes' impacts on gender and class inequalities. It also ventures some hypotheses about why the two countries may have chosen such different routes.
Subject(s)
Child Care , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Education , Public Assistance , Social Class , Women, Working , Child , Child Care/economics , Child Care/history , Child Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Care/psychology , Child Day Care Centers/economics , Child Day Care Centers/education , Child Day Care Centers/history , Child Day Care Centers/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Welfare/economics , Child Welfare/ethnology , Child Welfare/history , Child Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Welfare/psychology , Child, Preschool , Chile/ethnology , Education/economics , Education/history , Education/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Mexico/ethnology , Public Assistance/economics , Public Assistance/history , Public Assistance/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Class/history , Uruguay/ethnology , Vocational Education/economics , Vocational Education/history , Vocational Education/legislation & jurisprudence , Women, Working/education , Women, Working/history , Women, Working/legislation & jurisprudence , Women, Working/psychologyABSTRACT
Community nursing and public health work provided many Victorian and Edwardian women in Britain with the opportunity of a career and professional training. Such work created contradictions, not least the tension between 'inherent' female skills and the role of learnt professionalism. This article discusses Manchester's neglected district nurses alongside the city's more well-studied health visiting scheme. Comparing these occupations in one city highlights continuities in origins and practice, but a clear divergence in terms of class and purpose. These differences provide historians with opportunities to reconsider the inherent tensions and varied identities of employed women in Victorian and Edwardian Britain.
Subject(s)
Community Health Nursing , Health Occupations , Public Health , Vocational Education , Women, Working , Community Health Nursing/economics , Community Health Nursing/education , Community Health Nursing/history , Community Health Nursing/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Occupations/economics , Health Occupations/education , Health Occupations/history , Health Occupations/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Nursing , Public Health/economics , Public Health/education , Public Health/history , Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Conditions/economics , Social Conditions/history , Social Conditions/legislation & jurisprudence , United Kingdom/ethnology , Vocational Education/economics , Vocational Education/history , Vocational Education/legislation & jurisprudence , Women's Health/ethnology , Women's Health/history , Women's Rights/economics , Women's Rights/education , Women's Rights/history , Women's Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Women, Working/education , Women, Working/history , Women, Working/legislation & jurisprudence , Women, Working/psychologyABSTRACT
Since the nineteenth century, Tamil Brahmans have been very well represented in the educated professions, especially law and administration, medicine, engineering and nowadays, information technology. This is partly a continuation of the Brahmans' role as literate service people, owing to their traditions of education, learning and literacy, but the range of professions shows that any direct continuity is more apparent than real. Genealogical data are particularly used as evidence about changing patterns of employment, education and migration. Caste traditionalism was not a determining constraint, for Tamil Brahmans were predominant in medicine and engineering as well as law and administration in the colonial period, even though medicine is ritually polluting and engineering resembles low-status artisans' work. Crucially though, as modern, English-language, credential-based professions that are wellpaid and prestigious, law, medicine and engineering were and are all deemed eminently suitable for Tamil Brahmans, who typically regard their professional success as a sign of their caste superiority in the modern world. In reality, though, it is mainly a product of how their old social and cultural capital and their economic capital in land were transformed as they seized new educational and employment opportunities by flexibly deploying their traditional, inherited skills and advantages.