ABSTRACT
One of the new waters, and environmentally friendly agriculture initiatives in Peru is to encourage the utilization of agricultural waste, because low agricultural output is a threat to food security there. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of harvest residues on the basidiocarp production of the fungus Pleurotus Ostreatus, in Acobamba-Huancavelica. The trial had a completely randomized design, and the treatments included T1, barley stubbles; T2, wheat stubbles; T3, pea stubbles; T4, broad bean stubbles; and T5, quinoa stubbles. The research was quantitative in nature, taking the form of an experiment with an applied, explanatory level of design. The recorded data was tabulated and analyzed with analysis of variance, as well as Tukey's test (α:0.05), for which the statistical software Infostat was used. The results are presented in tables and graphs for a better interpretation. As main results, it was obtained that the time (colonization), diameter (stem, pileus), length (stem) and weight (basidiocarps), present statistical differences between treatments showing significant enhancement in all parameters. Despite a numerical difference, a Tukey average comparison test revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the averages for the variable time for fungus colonisation, suggesting that the treatment T5 in which quinoa substrate showed the greatest average. Treatment T4 in which broad bean stubbles were used gave the most low-average. In conclusion, increment in all parámeters were noted in all treatment of Pleurotus basidiocarps ostreatus under Acobamba conditions.
Uma das novas iniciativas de águas e agricultura ecológica no Peru é incentivar a utilização de resíduos agrícolas, porque a baixa produção agrícola é uma ameaça à segurança alimentar no país. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito dos resíduos da colheita na produção de basidiocarpos do fungo Pleurotus ostreatus, em Acobamba-Huancavelica. O ensaio teve um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, e os tratamentos incluíram T1, restolho de cevada; T2, soqueiras de trigo; T3, restolho de ervilha; T4, restolho de fava; e T5, restolho de quinoa. A pesquisa foi de natureza quantitativa, assumindo a forma de experimento com um nível de design aplicado e explicativo. Os dados registrados foram tabulados e analisados com análise de variância, bem como teste de Tukey (α:0,05), para o qual foi utilizado o software estatístico Infostat. Os resultados são apresentados em tabelas e gráficos para melhor interpretação. Como principais resultados, obteve-se que o tempo (colonização), diâmetro (caule, píleo), comprimento (caule) e peso (basidiocarpos) apresentam diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos, mostrando melhora significativa em todos os parâmetros. Apesar da diferença numérica, o teste de comparação de médias de Tukey revelou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as médias para a variável tempo de colonização do fungo, sugerindo que o tratamento T5 em que usou o substrato quinoa, apresentou a maior média. O tratamento T4, no qual foram usadas restolhos de fava, apresentou a média mais baixa. Em conclusão, incrementos em todos os parâmetros foram observados em todos os tratamentos de Pleurotus basidiocarps ostreatus nas condições de Acobamba.
Subject(s)
Waste Products/adverse effects , Pleurotus/growth & development , Food SupplyABSTRACT
Anthropogenic marine debris (AMD) can cause obstructions for nesting marine turtles and hatchlings, increase their exposure to toxicants, and potentially alter the incubating environment of clutches. Given the potential impacts of AMD on marine turtles, this study provides baseline information on the abundance and distribution of AMD at the ten highest density nesting beaches in Florida used by the Northern Gulf of Mexico Loggerhead Recovery Unit. Monitoring for AMD at nesting beaches was conducted in 2017 following protocols from the International Coastal Cleanup. AMD was present at all the nesting beaches, with the majority of AMD observed at the westernmost sites beginning with St. Joseph Peninsula State Park (363 AMD/km) with a gradual decrease of abundance to the easternmost site, Alligator Point (16 AMD/km). Plastic and foam items accounted for 92% (nâ¯=â¯13,566) of all AMD found.
Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring/methods , Nesting Behavior/drug effects , Plastics/analysis , Turtles/physiology , Waste Products/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Animals , Florida , Gulf of Mexico , Plastics/adverse effects , Waste Products/adverse effects , Water Pollutants, Chemical/adverse effectsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: Exposures to sharps injuries occurring in the community are relatively frequent. We describe characteristics of community sharp exposures reported in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1997 to 2010. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of exposure reports to sharps in the community reported to a surveillance system, designed for health care workers, of the Municipal Health Department of Rio de Janeiro. The characteristics of exposed individuals analyzed included types of exposure, the circumstances of the accident, and the prophylaxis offered. Results: 582 exposures were studied. Median age was 30 years and 83 (14%) involved children with less than 10 years of age. Two hundred and seventeen (37%) occurred with sharps found in the streets. The exposure was percutaneous in 515 (89%) and needles where involved in 406 (70%) of them. The sharps were present in the trash in 227 (39%) or in the environment in 167 (29%) of the reports. Professionals who work with frequent contact with domestic or urban waste were 196 (38%). The source was known in 112 (19%) of the exposures and blood was involved in 269 (46%). Only 101 (19%) of the injured subjects reported a complete course of vaccination for hepatitis B. Antiretroviral prophylaxis was prescribed for 392 (68%) of the exposed subjects. Conclusions: Sharps injuries occurring in the community are an important health problem. A great proportion would be avoided if practices on how to dispose needles and sharps used outside health units were implemented.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Needlestick Injuries/epidemiology , Blood-Borne Pathogens , Waste Products/adverse effects , Brazil/epidemiology , Residence Characteristics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Needles/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Exposures to sharps injuries occurring in the community are relatively frequent. We describe characteristics of community sharp exposures reported in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1997 to 2010. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of exposure reports to sharps in the community reported to a surveillance system, designed for health care workers, of the Municipal Health Department of Rio de Janeiro. The characteristics of exposed individuals analyzed included types of exposure, the circumstances of the accident, and the prophylaxis offered. RESULTS: 582 exposures were studied. Median age was 30 years and 83 (14%) involved children with less than 10 years of age. Two hundred and seventeen (37%) occurred with sharps found in the streets. The exposure was percutaneous in 515 (89%) and needles where involved in 406 (70%) of them. The sharps were present in the trash in 227 (39%) or in the environment in 167 (29%) of the reports. Professionals who work with frequent contact with domestic or urban waste were 196 (38%). The source was known in 112 (19%) of the exposures and blood was involved in 269 (46%). Only 101 (19%) of the injured subjects reported a complete course of vaccination for hepatitis B. Antiretroviral prophylaxis was prescribed for 392 (68%) of the exposed subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Sharps injuries occurring in the community are an important health problem. A great proportion would be avoided if practices on how to dispose needles and sharps used outside health units were implemented.
Subject(s)
Blood-Borne Pathogens , Needlestick Injuries/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Needles/statistics & numerical data , Residence Characteristics , Waste Products/adverse effectsABSTRACT
This study evaluated the phytotoxic effects of raw and treated effluents from a swine slaughterhouse on cucumber and lettuce seeds and determined correlations among physicochemical characteristics of such effluents and the germination of seeds used as bioindicators. Physicochemical parameters were characterized for both effluents and their phytotoxicity was determined through the germination index (GI), the root length (RL) and the number of germinated seeds (SG) for both plant species. The effluents treatment system was efficient to reduce the concentration of some physicochemical parameters to levels within those recommended by the Brazilian legislation, except for P, ammoniacal N and TKN concentration. Although phytotoxicity of the treated effluent was less in comparison to the raw effluent, the GI for cucumber and lettuce seeds submitted to each of the tested effluents was lower than 80%. Thus, both effluents were phytotoxic for the tested bioindicators (p<0.05). For lettuce seeds, the GI presented negative correlations (p<0.05) with the total Kjeldahl N (-0.93) and the surfactants concentration (-0.83) in the raw effluent. The Zn concentration in the treated effluent showed a negative correlation (p<0.05) with the GI of both lettuce (-0.63) and cucumber seeds (-0.64). Therefore, effluents from swine slaughterhouses may impair the germination of the evaluated plant species if used for agricultural purposes.
Subject(s)
Abattoirs , Germination/drug effects , Manure , Seeds/drug effects , Waste Products/adverse effects , Animals , Brazil , Cucumis sativus/drug effects , Industrial Waste/adverse effects , Lactuca/drug effects , SwineABSTRACT
The growth of human population and deficient pollution control measures pose significant challenge to the environment. Despite conservation efforts, all sea turtle species are at some risk of extinction. The present study investigated the effect of marine debris on the gastrointestinal tract of green turtles in southeastern Brazil. Of the 777 animals evaluated, 290 showed marine debris in one segment of the gastrointestinal tract. The presence of these materials in the gastrointestinal tract may be harmful, independent of the segment involved, and increases the risk of impaction. Marine debris has become a significant hazard to Chelonia mydas in the region surveyed, causing perforation, rupture, or fecal impaction that, when not treated, is potentially fatal, exposing the intestine to bacterial infection.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology , Plastics/adverse effects , Turtles , Waste Products/adverse effects , Water Pollutants/adverse effects , Animals , BrazilABSTRACT
Sugarcane vinasse is one of the main residues generated by the transformation of cane into ethanol. Because of the high organic content (COD), high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), low pH, the large amount that this residue is generated (15l for every liter of ethanol produced) and their use as fertilizer on the sugarcane crop, this residue is potentially polluting to the soil ecossystem and by percolation to water ecossystem too. Thus, this study aimed to assess the toxicity of vinasse by analyzing Oreochromis niloticus gills exposed to different dilutions (1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%) in two bioassays. The gills were collected, fixed and analyzed using ultra morphological, histological, and histochemical techniques. After exposure to the vinasse, a statistically significant reduction of the ridges present on the surface of pavimentous cells was observed in one of the bioassays; such structures are responsible for mucus retention, which helps to protect the tissue. In addition, an intumescence of the cells was observed in the treatments with vinasse as well as an increase in the amount of chloridric cells. Some striking tissue changes detected in the treatments were epithelial detachment and loss of integrity of secondary lamellae, causing their rupture and consequent hemorrhage. In the first bioassay, the amount of these changes was statistically significant at the 5% dilution, and the focus of hemorrhage was significant at all dilution ratios. In the second bioassay, the epithelial disorganization was statistically significant only at the 2.5% dilution of vinasse. Moreover, for both bioassays performed, a significant increase in mucous cells was observed when compared with the control. Our results demonstrate the toxic action of sugarcane vinasse, which caused histopathological changes in the exposed animals at all four dilution tested. This highlights the need for caution in the disposal of sugarcane vinasse on the soil, especially due to its capacity for being leached or percolated into water resources, which could seriously damage aquatic fauna.
Subject(s)
Gills/drug effects , Saccharum/toxicity , Soil Pollutants/toxicity , Tilapia/anatomy & histology , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Epithelium/drug effects , Fertilizers/analysis , Fertilizers/toxicity , Gills/pathology , Mucus/drug effects , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Waste Products/adverse effects , Waste Products/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysisABSTRACT
A indústria avícola brasileira se caracteriza pela agregação contínua de novas tecnologias,o que resulta em uma atividade com os mais destacados índices de produtividade entre os diversos segmentos da pecuária. O melhoramento genético das galinhas poedeiras,obtido por gerações de cruzamentos industriais, resultou em aves com produção de até 320 ovos no seu primeiro ciclo de postura de um ano. Além disso, a galinha de postura moderna consegue transformar recursos alimentares de menor valor biológico em produto de alta qualidade nutricional para consumo humano.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/toxicity , Poultry , Genetic Enhancement , Eggs/analysis , Poultry Products/analysis , Waste Products/adverse effects , Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use , Chickens/physiology , Macrolides/therapeutic use , Quinolones/therapeutic use , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Tetracyclines/therapeutic use , beta-Lactams/therapeutic useABSTRACT
A indústria avícola brasileira se caracteriza pela agregação contínua de novas tecnologias,o que resulta em uma atividade com os mais destacados índices de produtividade entre os diversos segmentos da pecuária. O melhoramento genético das galinhas poedeiras,obtido por gerações de cruzamentos industriais, resultou em aves com produção de até 320 ovos no seu primeiro ciclo de postura de um ano. Além disso, a galinha de postura moderna consegue transformar recursos alimentares de menor valor biológico em produto de alta qualidade nutricional para consumo humano.
Subject(s)
Poultry , Poultry Products/analysis , Waste Products/adverse effects , Anti-Infective Agents/toxicity , Eggs/analysis , Genetic Enhancement , Chickens/physiology , beta-Lactams/therapeutic use , Tetracyclines/therapeutic use , Macrolides/therapeutic use , Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use , Quinolones/therapeutic use , Sulfonamides/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Aquatic ecosystems are the main receptors of toxic substances from human activities. With the increase in sugar cane production, vinasse - the main residue of ethanol production - is a potential contaminant of water resources, due to its high organic matter content. This study was aimed at evaluating the toxicity of vinasse by examining the liver of the fish Oreochromis niloticus exposed to different dilutions of sugar cane vinasse (1%, 2%, 5%, 5% and 10%) in laboratory bioassays. Portions of liver were collected and fixed for histological and histochemical techniques to detect total proteins, polysaccharides and lipids. In the histological analysis, the groups treated with vinasse exhibited significant alterations, such as loss of cytoplasmic integrity, loss of cell limit and tissue disorganization. Protein and lipid profiles were not altered. Higher accumulation of polysaccharides was detected in fish exposed to lower concentrations of vinasse, with a gradual decrease in animals treated with vinasse in higher concentrations. We concluded that vinasse has a dose-dependent toxic and cytotoxic potential in water bodies and that the liver is strongly affected when acutely exposed to this contaminant.
Subject(s)
Liver/drug effects , Saccharum , Tilapia , Waste Products/analysis , Water Pollutants/toxicity , Agriculture , Animals , Brazil , Environmental Pollution/analysis , Hepatocytes/drug effects , Hepatocytes/pathology , Hepatocytes/ultrastructure , Liver/chemistry , Liver/pathology , Saccharum/chemistry , Saccharum/toxicity , Tilapia/metabolism , Waste Products/adverse effects , Water Pollutants/analysisABSTRACT
Estudou-se a suplementação de dietas de cordeiros confinados com resíduo de biodiesel, utilizando-se 25 ovinos, SRD, machos, castrados, com média de peso de 20kg. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições por tratamento e esquema de parcelas subdivididas para os dados de biometria. O experimento teve a duração de 70 dias. As dietas eram compostas de 34% de volumoso e 61% de concentrado, à base de milho, soja, minerais e 5% de óleo de dendê ou resíduo de biodiesel, em percentagens crescentes - zero, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. Os animais foram abatidos ao final do experimento para avaliação da carcaça. Foram observados efeitos significativos (P<0,05) de percentagem de inclusão do resíduo, para as variáveis de desempenho e biometria demonstrados nos efeitos lineares crescentes das equações de regressão, assim como para peso da carcaça quente (PCQ) -, com médias de 14; 15,92; 16,14; 16,42 e 18,02% - e peso da carcaça fria (PCF) -, com médias de 13,12; 14,78; 15,06; 15,70 e 17,25% -, para dietas com, respectivamente, 0, 25, 50, 100% de resíduo de biodiesel de dendê. A utilização de resíduo de biodiesel de dendê na alimentação de cordeiros em crescimento é alternativa para aumentar a densidade energética de suas dietas.
Diet supplementation with biodiesel residues of confined lambs, utilizing 25 sheep, without definite breed pattern (WDB), male, castrated, with average weight of 20kg was studied. The experimental design was random blocks, with 5 repetitions per treatment and a split plot scheme toward biometrics data. The experiment lasted 70 days. The diets were composed of 34% of roughage and 61% of concentrate, based on corn, soy, mineral and 5% of oil palm kernel or biodiesel residues, in increasing percentages - zero, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The animals were slaughtered at the end of the experiment for carcass evaluation. Significant effects (P<0.05) of percentage inclusion of residues were observed for the performance and biometrics variables demonstrated in the crescent linear effect of the regression equations, as well as for the hot carcass weight (HCW) - with an average of 14; 15.92; 16.14; 16.42 and 18.02%; and the cold carcass weight (CCW) - with an average of 13.12; 14.78; 15.06; 15.70 and 17.25% for diets, respectively, containing 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% of palm kernel biodiesel residues. The palm kernel biodiesel residue utilization in feeding growing lambs is an alternative to increase the energetic density in their diets.
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/growth & development , Animal Feed/analysis , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Diet/veterinary , Ruminants , Waste Products/analysis , Waste Products/adverse effectsABSTRACT
This study investigates factors affecting reproduction in fish exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents by comparing effluents from countries with varying levels of documented effects. To explore the hypothesis of wood as a common source of endocrine disrupting compounds, feedstocks from each country were analyzed. Analyses included in vitro assays for androgenic activity (binding to goldfish testis androgen receptors), estrogenic activity (yeast estrogen screen), and neurotransmitter enzyme inhibition (monoamine oxidase and glutamic acid decarboxylase). Chemical analyses included conventional extractives, known androgens, and gas chromatograph index (GCI) profiles. All effluents and wood contained androgenic activity, particularly in nonpolar fractions, although known androgens were undetected. Effluents with low suspended solids, having undergone conventional biotreatment had lower androgenic activities. Estrogenic activity was only associated with Brazilian effluents and undetected in wood. All effluents and wood inhibited neurotransmitter enzymes, predominantly in polar fractions. Kraft elemental chlorine free mills were associated with the greatest neurotransmitter inhibition. Effluent and wood GCI profiles were correlated with androgenic activity and neurotransmitter enzyme inhibition. Differences in feedstock bioactivities were not reflected in effluents, implying mill factors mitigate bioactive wood components. No differences in bioactivities could be discerned on the basis of country of origin, thus we predict effluents in regions lacking monitoring would affect fish reproduction and therefore recommend implementing such programs.
Subject(s)
Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity , Estrogens/agonists , Paper , Receptors, Androgen/drug effects , Reproduction/drug effects , Waste Products/adverse effects , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Brazil , Canada , Chromatography, Gas , Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism , Goldfish , Monoamine Oxidase/metabolism , New Zealand , Receptors, Androgen/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Estudou-se a suplementação de dietas de cordeiros confinados com resíduo de biodiesel, utilizando-se 25 ovinos, SRD, machos, castrados, com média de peso de 20kg. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições por tratamento e esquema de parcelas subdivididas para os dados de biometria. O experimento teve a duração de 70 dias. As dietas eram compostas de 34% de volumoso e 61% de concentrado, à base de milho, soja, minerais e 5% de óleo de dendê ou resíduo de biodiesel, em percentagens crescentes - zero, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. Os animais foram abatidos ao final do experimento para avaliação da carcaça. Foram observados efeitos significativos (P<0,05) de percentagem de inclusão do resíduo, para as variáveis de desempenho e biometria demonstrados nos efeitos lineares crescentes das equações de regressão, assim como para peso da carcaça quente (PCQ) -, com médias de 14; 15,92; 16,14; 16,42 e 18,02% - e peso da carcaça fria (PCF) -, com médias de 13,12; 14,78; 15,06; 15,70 e 17,25% -, para dietas com, respectivamente, 0, 25, 50, 100% de resíduo de biodiesel de dendê. A utilização de resíduo de biodiesel de dendê na alimentação de cordeiros em crescimento é alternativa para aumentar a densidade energética de suas dietas.(AU)
Diet supplementation with biodiesel residues of confined lambs, utilizing 25 sheep, without definite breed pattern (WDB), male, castrated, with average weight of 20kg was studied. The experimental design was random blocks, with 5 repetitions per treatment and a split plot scheme toward biometrics data. The experiment lasted 70 days. The diets were composed of 34% of roughage and 61% of concentrate, based on corn, soy, mineral and 5% of oil palm kernel or biodiesel residues, in increasing percentages - zero, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The animals were slaughtered at the end of the experiment for carcass evaluation. Significant effects (P<0.05) of percentage inclusion of residues were observed for the performance and biometrics variables demonstrated in the crescent linear effect of the regression equations, as well as for the hot carcass weight (HCW) - with an average of 14; 15.92; 16.14; 16.42 and 18.02%; and the cold carcass weight (CCW) - with an average of 13.12; 14.78; 15.06; 15.70 and 17.25% for diets, respectively, containing 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% of palm kernel biodiesel residues. The palm kernel biodiesel residue utilization in feeding growing lambs is an alternative to increase the energetic density in their diets.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/growth & development , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Animal Feed/analysis , Waste Products/adverse effects , Waste Products/analysis , Ruminants , Diet/veterinaryABSTRACT
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da disponibilidade de resíduos de cana-de-açúcar sobre a fauna invertebrada epigeica. As avaliações foram realizadas após a colheita da cana-de-açúcar, considerando três níveis de resíduos: 0 % (retirada total de resíduos da superfície do solo), 50 % (retirada da metade dos resíduos nas parcelas, massa seca de 7,6 Mg ha-1) e 100 % (manutenção completa dos resíduos produzidos, massa seca de 16,9 Mg ha-1). As parcelas experimentais foram dispostas num delineamento em blocos casualizados, com oito repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída por cinco linhas de 20 m de comprimento, onde foram instaladas duas armadilhas de queda "pitfall" para captura da fauna invertebrada, representando dezesseis armadilhas em cada tratamento, totalizando quarenta e oito em todo o experimento. Um fragmento de vegetação nativa da região, localizado próximo ao cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, foi avaliado para comparação. Os organismos foram extraídos manualmente e identificados em nível de grandes grupos taxonômicos. A maior diversidade e riqueza de grupos da fauna invertebrada epigeica foram observadas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar com a manutenção dos resíduos na superfície (100 e 50%). Por outro lado, a retirada completa dos resíduos da superfície do solo promoveu uma significativa redução dos organismos de invertebrados do solo. Amostras de solos foram coletadas para avaliação de atributos químicos. Os organismos da fauna invertebrada epigeica mostraram-se sensíveis indicadores em discriminar alterações nos sistemas, em função da manutenção de resíduos vegetais da cana-de-açúcar.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the availability of sugar cane residues on the epigeic invertebrate fauna. The evaluations were made after cane sugar harvest f, considering three levels of residues: 0% (total removal of residues from the soil surface), 50% (removal of half of the waste in the plots, the dry mass of 7.6 Mg ha-1) and 100% (keeping track of residues produced, dry mass of 16.9 Mg ha-1). A fragment of native vegetation in the region, located close to the sugar cane crop, was evaluated for comparison. The experimental plots were arranged in a randomized block design with eight replications. Each plot consisted of five rows 20 m long, were installed two pitfalls to capture the invertebrate fauna, representing sixteen traps in each treatment, totaling forty-eight throughout the experiment. The organisms were extracted manually and identified at major taxonomic groups. The highest diversity and groups richness of epigeic invertebrate fauna were observed in the cane sugar crop with the maintenance of the surface residues (100 and 50%). Moreover, complete removal of residues from the soil surface promoted a significant reduction of the soil invertebrates organisms. Soil samples were collected for evaluation of chemical attributes. The organisms of epigeic invertebrate fauna showed sensitive in detecting changes in systems, depending on the maintenance of plant residues of sugar cane.
Subject(s)
Animals , Waste Products/adverse effects , Environmental Biomarkers , Saccharum , InvertebratesABSTRACT
Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a interferência de possíveis efeitos alelopáticos de Mentha x villosa Huds. sobre a emergência de Lactuca sativa L. As atividades foram conduzidas em laboratório, no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias (ICA) da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, em Montes Claros/MG. Foram propostos três tratamentos, sendo esses: solo A, coletado em área cultivada com hortelã no horto medicinal do ICA/UFMG; solo B, coletado em áreas adjacentes e, testemunha (papel germiteste).O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com sete repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem e índice de velocidade de emergência. Observou-se que a emergência de plântulas de Lactuca sativa foi significativamente afetada pelo solo A (6,95 por cento) se comparada com o solo B (21,71 por cento), representando assim, uma inibição da emergência, ou seja, efeito alelopático da hortelã sobre a emergência de alface. Já o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) não diferiu significativamente entre os solos testados.
This study aimed to assess the interference of possible allelopathic effects of Mentha x villosa Huds. on the germination of Lactuca sativa L. The activities were carried out in laboratory, at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA) of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The following three treatments were proposed: soil A, collected in area cultivated with mint at the garden of ICA; soil B, collected in adjacent areas; and control (germitest paper). Experimental design was completely randomized (CR), with seven replicates. The evaluated variables were: germination percentage and speed index. The emergence of Lactuca sativa seedlings was significantly affected by soil A (6.95 percent) when compared to soil B (21.71 percent), indicating thus emergence inhibition, i.e. an allelopathic effect of mint on lettuce emergence. On the other hand, the germination speed index (GSI) did not differ significantly between the tested soils.
Subject(s)
Lactuca/growth & development , Lactuca/embryology , Biochemistry , Mentha/adverse effects , Waste Products/analysis , Waste Products/adverse effects , Seeds/growth & development , Soil/analysis , Analysis of Variance , Soil Characteristics/analysis , SeedlingsABSTRACT
This study evaluates respiratory symptoms, lung function, and exposure to airborne particles among waste-picking children. We enrolled 103 waste-picking children at a dump in Managua, Nicaragua and 103 children who do not pick waste. Exposure to airborne particles was assessed by area sampling. Health data were obtained from a questionnaire, clinical examination, and spirometry. Exposure effects were evaluated with multivariate regression analysis. Exposure to particles exceeded national and international standards. Wheezing among children was related to exposure status, with waste-picking children who are both "never highly exposed" and "ever highly exposed" having greater prevalence of wheezing compared to the children who do not pick waste. FEV1 among "ever highly exposed" waste-picking children with wheeze was 13% lower than non-waste-picking children with wheeze. Exposure to small particles was unacceptably high and associated with wheeze and decreased lung function.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/toxicity , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Particulate Matter/toxicity , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology , Waste Products/adverse effects , Adolescent , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Nicaragua/epidemiology , Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis , Respiratory Function Tests , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Avaliou-se o efeito do uso de diferentes proporções de resíduo úmido de cervejaria sobre as características da carcaça de cordeiros terminados em sistema de confinamento. Foram utilizados 25 cordeiros, machos, não-castrados, da raça Texel, distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco tratamentos compostos por proporções de 0 por cento, 25 por cento, 50 por cento, 75 por cento e 100 por cento de substituição do alimento concentrado por resíduo úmido de cervejaria. Utilizou-se uma dieta composta de feno de Tifton-85 e mistura concentrada em uma relação volumoso:concentrado de 40:60, com base na matéria seca (MS). O alimento concentrado foi constituído por milho desintegrado, farelo de soja, mistura mineral e resíduo úmido de cervejaria, sendo que suas proporções variaram de acordo com os tratamentos. Peso da carcaça quente, peso da carcaça fria, rendimento da carcaça quente, rendimento da carcaça fria, espessura da gordura subcutânea, pesos de quarto, paleta, costilhar e pescoço, bem como o comprimento de carcaça, a largura da perna e a profundidade da perna, diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da proporção de substituição do alimento concentrado por resíduo úmido de cervejaria.
The effect of the use of different proportions of wet brewery residue on the carcass characteristics of feedlot finished lambs was evaluated. Twenty-five non-castrated Texel male lambs were randomly allotted into five groups, consisting in the replacement of the concentrate by wet brewery residue at proportions of 0 percent, 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, and 100 percent. Diet was composed by Tifton-85 hay and concentrate mixture, in a relation roughage:concentrate of 40:60, based on dry matter (DM). The concentrate was composed of ground corn, soybean meal, mineral mix, and wet brewery residue, and its proportions varied in accordance with the treatments. Weights and yields of hot and cold carcasses; subcutaneous fat thickness; weights of leg, shoulder, ribs and neck; as well as carcass length, leg width and leg depth showed a linear decrease of increase of wet brewery residue replacing the concentrate.
Subject(s)
Animals , Body Composition , Brewery , Diet , Waste Products/adverse effects , SheepABSTRACT
Avaliou-se o efeito do uso de diferentes proporções de resíduo úmido de cervejaria sobre as características da carcaça de cordeiros terminados em sistema de confinamento. Foram utilizados 25 cordeiros, machos, não-castrados, da raça Texel, distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco tratamentos compostos por proporções de 0 por cento, 25 por cento, 50 por cento, 75 por cento e 100 por cento de substituição do alimento concentrado por resíduo úmido de cervejaria. Utilizou-se uma dieta composta de feno de Tifton-85 e mistura concentrada em uma relação volumoso:concentrado de 40:60, com base na matéria seca (MS). O alimento concentrado foi constituído por milho desintegrado, farelo de soja, mistura mineral e resíduo úmido de cervejaria, sendo que suas proporções variaram de acordo com os tratamentos. Peso da carcaça quente, peso da carcaça fria, rendimento da carcaça quente, rendimento da carcaça fria, espessura da gordura subcutânea, pesos de quarto, paleta, costilhar e pescoço, bem como o comprimento de carcaça, a largura da perna e a profundidade da perna, diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da proporção de substituição do alimento concentrado por resíduo úmido de cervejaria.(AU)
The effect of the use of different proportions of wet brewery residue on the carcass characteristics of feedlot finished lambs was evaluated. Twenty-five non-castrated Texel male lambs were randomly allotted into five groups, consisting in the replacement of the concentrate by wet brewery residue at proportions of 0 percent, 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, and 100 percent. Diet was composed by Tifton-85 hay and concentrate mixture, in a relation roughage:concentrate of 40:60, based on dry matter (DM). The concentrate was composed of ground corn, soybean meal, mineral mix, and wet brewery residue, and its proportions varied in accordance with the treatments. Weights and yields of hot and cold carcasses; subcutaneous fat thickness; weights of leg, shoulder, ribs and neck; as well as carcass length, leg width and leg depth showed a linear decrease of increase of wet brewery residue replacing the concentrate.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Waste Products/adverse effects , Brewery , Body Composition , Diet , SheepABSTRACT
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da palha residual da colheita da cana-de-açúcar e da adição de vinhaça sobre o solo na emergência e no crescimento inicial de cultivares de girassol. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial (5 x 2 x 3), em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, combinando-se cinco quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20t ha-1) com aplicação ou não de 150m³ ha-1 de vinhaça residual da indústria sulcroalcooleira, utilizando-se três cultivares de girassol ("IAC-iarama", "Catissol" e "Helio 358"). Foram determinadas a velocidade e a porcentagem final de emergência de plântulas, além do comprimento e da biomassa seca da parte aérea de plantas aos 30 dias após a semeadura. Verificou-se que a presença da palha de cana-de-açúcar e da vinhaça, em quantidade equivalente a 150m³ ha-1, em ação conjunta ou isolada, reduz a emergência de plântulas e o crescimento inicial de cultivares de girassol. Entretanto, essa redução não compromete drasticamente o desempenho das cultivares ("IAC-iarama", "Catissol" e "Helio-358"), que não diferiram entre si.(AU)
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the interaction of soil cover with sugarcane mulch residue combined with vinasse application on seedling emergence and initial growth of sunflower cultivars. A greenhouse experiment was carried out in pots with soil, in randomized complete blocks, with four replications. The treatments, arranged in a 5 x 2 x 3 factorial, consisted of the combination of five quantities of sugarcane mulch residue cover (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20t ha-1) followed by application or not of 150m³ ha-1 of vinasse, on soil planted to the sunflower cultivars 'IAC-iarama', 'Catissol' e 'Helio 358'. The variables studied were seedling emergence speed, final emergence, as well as plant height and dry weight of above ground plant biomass. It is concluded that, under greenhouse conditions, the presence of sugarcane mulch residue in any of the quantities studied, and of vinasse in the quantity of 150m³ ha-1, either isolated or in combination, reduce seedling emergence and hamper the initial growth of sunflower, but this effect is not so drastic to endanger the cultivars development ('IAC-iarama', 'Catissol' e 'Helio-358'), that do not differ between them.(AU)
Subject(s)
Helianthus/growth & development , Saccharum , Crops, Agricultural , Waste Products/adverse effects , Soil MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Se llevó a cabo la evaluación del cultivo de Pleurotus ostreatus, para determinar el residuo sobre el cual este hongo genera mejor crecimiento y producción. Los sustratos evaluados fueron residuos agroindustriales del departamento de Cundinamarca (capacho de uchuva, cáscara de arveja y tusa de maíz); teniendo como sustrato control el aserrín de roble. Las mezclas a evaluar fueron empacadas en bolsas de 1Kg de volumen de mezcla de sustrato, del cual el 78 por ciento fue el residuo agroindustrial. Se esterilizaron e inocularon con 30g de semillas de Pleurotus ostreatus, adquiridas comercialmente. Se evaluó el tiempo de corrida del micelio, el diámetro de los carpóforos, el número de hongos producidos por bolsa, el peso fresco, la eficiencia biológica y el rendimiento de cada uno de los sustratos trabajados. Finalmente, el mejor sustrato para el crecimiento y producción de Pleurotus ostreatus fue el capacho de uchuva ya que alcanzó una eficiencia biológica de 76.1 por ciento en un período total de producción de 41 días y una rentabilidad de 39.03 Kg/m2 con excelentes características organolépticas, considerándose así un sustrato adecuado y eficiente para el cultivo de este hongo.
The culture of Pleurotus ostreatus was evaluated to determine the best waste on which this mushroom can show the highest growth and production rates.. The substrates evaluated were agroindustrial wastes of theDepartment of Cundinamarca (dry skin of goldenberries (Physalis), skin of pea pods and maize cobs). The control substrate was sawdust of oak. The mixtures evaluated were packed in bags of 1 kg containing 78 % ofagroindustrial waste of the volume of substrate mixture . Mixtures were sterilized and inoculated with 30 g ofseeds of Pleurotus ostreatus obtained commercially. Running time of the mycelium, diameter of fruit bodies,number of fruit bodies produced per bag, fresh weight, biological efficiency, and yield were evaluated on eachof the substrates. Finally, the best substrate for the growth and production of Pleurotus ostreatus was the dryskin of goldenberries (Physalis) with a biological efficiency of 76.1% after a total production period of 41 days and a yield of 39.03 Kg/m2 with excellent organoleptic characteristics, therefore being an adequate and efficient substrate for cultivating this mushroom.