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2.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; Electron. j. biotechnol;17(3): 126-131, May 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-719102

ABSTRACT

Background Enteric red mouth disease and Saprolegniasis, which are caused by the bacteria Yersinia ruckeri and the oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica, respectively, are important illnesses that affect salmonid farming. Sanitary problems in farms are addressed by the prevention of disease outbreaks or by the treatment of diseases with chemicals. Environmental and governmental restrictions, toxicity and high treatment costs limit the use of drugs. Marine organisms, such as algae, sponges and corals, have developed an antimicrobial defense strategy based on the production of bioactive metabolites. Among these organisms, seaweeds offer a particularly rich source of potential new drugs. Hence, many pharmacologically active substances have been isolated from seaweeds. In the Ceramium genus, Ceramium rubrum has been emphasized by several authors for its antimicrobial properties. Based on this background, the present study focused on the antimicrobial activity of a lipophilic extract of C. rubrum on Y. ruckeri and S. parasitica. Results The alga, collected from the Pacific coast of Chile, underwent an ethanol extraction, and the concentrated extract was partitioned between water and dichloromethane. From the dichloromethane extract, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, one hydrocarbon and phytol were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The antimicrobial study showed that the whole extract was more active than the individual components, which suggests a strong synergistic effect among the components. Conclusions These results may constitute a basis for promising future applied research that could investigate the use of C. rubrum seaweed as a source of antimicrobial compounds against fish pathogens.


Subject(s)
Animals , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Saprolegnia/drug effects , Yersinia ruckeri/drug effects , Rhodophyta/chemistry , Fish Diseases , Methylene Chloride/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Salmonidae , Seaweed , Colony Count, Microbial , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
3.
J Inorg Biochem ; 135: 54-7, 2014 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24662463

ABSTRACT

The antibacterial properties of water-soluble gold(I) complexes [1-methyl-3-(3-sulfonatopropyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) chloride (C1), [1-mesityl-3-(3-sulfonatopropyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) chloride (C2), [1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(3-sulfonatopropyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) chloride (C3) and [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-4-sodiumsulfonatophenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) chloride (C4) and the respective ligands were assessed by agar diffusion and broth macrodilution methods against Gram-positives Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Micrococcus luteus and the Gram-negative bacteria Yersinia ruckeri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Viability after treatments was determined by direct plate count. The bactericidal activity displayed by C1 and C3 was comparable to that of AgNO3.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Coordination Complexes/pharmacology , Gold/chemistry , Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Coordination Complexes/chemistry , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Heterocyclic Compounds/chemistry , Methane/analogs & derivatives , Methane/chemistry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Micrococcus luteus/drug effects , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Solubility , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Yersinia ruckeri/drug effects
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