The Effect of Montelukast on Urinary Symptoms in Children With Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Montelukast by inhibiting leukotriene receptors in the bladder can prevent the activation of mast cells. We investigated the effectiveness of Montelukast in reducing the symptoms of children with bladder pain syndrome (BPS). In this randomized clinical trial, children were allocated into groups of intervention (Montelukast and oxybutynin) and the control (oxybutynin). At the beginning and after 14 days, questions from mothers of children about their urinary condition were asked about the frequency of nocturnal enuresis, frequent urination, urinary incontinence, urinary urgency, and their pain severity. There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of frequency of nocturnal enuresis, frequent urination, urinary incontinence, and urinary urgency. Regarding the frequency of pain distribution, the frequency of pain-free people in the Montelukast group was higher than control group (84.4% vs 56.3%, P = .023). The results showed that adding Montelukast to oxybutynin has a significant decrease in pain in children with BPS.

The effect of adding Montelukast to oxybutynin on daily urination in children with pollakiuria: a randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE: Pollakiuria is defined as a change in the pattern of daily urination. Students have mentioned wetting their pants at school as the third tragic event after the death of a parent or going blind. In this study, the effect of adding Montelukast to oxybutynin on the improvement of urinary symptoms of patients with pollakiuria was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a pilot clinical trial in which children with pollakiuria aged 3-18 years old were included. These children were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (Montelukast plus oxybutynin) and the control group (only oxybutynin). At the beginning and the end of the study (after 14 days), mothers were asked about the frequency of daily urination. Finally, the gathered data were compared between two groups. RESULTS: In the present study, 64 patients were examined in two intervention and control groups (32 in each group). The results revealed that although significant changes were observed in both groups before and after intervention, the average changes in the intervention group were significantly higher (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that adding montelukast to oxybutynin has a significant decrease in frequency of daily urination in patients with pollakiuria, although further studies are recommended in this area.

Evaluation of Renal Function and Urinalysis in Children With Simple Febrile Convulsions.

Febrile convulsion (FC) is the most prevalent type of seizure in children. Febrile diseases have been associated with alterations in kidney function and urine indices. Therefore, in this study, renal function and urine analysis were examined in children with simple FC. The study comprised children with simple FC who were referred to the Amirkabir hospital in Arak between 2020 and 2021. Children were examined for urinalysis and kidney function by assessing the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A total of 157 patients with FC were admitted. Hematuria, proteinuria, and pyuria were detected in 8.9%, 1.9%, and 5.1% of cases, respectively. The urine cultures of 2 children were positive. Moreover, it was found that in simple FC, eGFR decreases regardless of gender (P > .05), although kidney function decreases more in children older than 24 months. In conclusion, all children with FC must undergo renal function assessments. Furthermore, urinalysis and urine culture are advised to rule out infection.

Effect of well-controlled gestational diabetes on left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in neonates.

BACKGROUND: There are some evidences supporting the relation between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and diastolic dysfunction. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of well-controlled GDM on morphological and functional myocardium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed a prospective cross-sectional study to evaluate left ventricular (LV) diastolic function of 60 neonates born from mothers with well-controlled GDM (case group) on days of 3-5 after birth. The infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) group were divided into two groups: diabetic mothers treated only with diet (class A) and group of mothers on medical therapy by insulin or metformin (class B). Traditional echocardiography and pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD), tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were performed for all the neonates. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 60 neonates as males (M) = 32, (0.53%) and females (F) = 28, (0.46%). Using M-mode echocardiography, interventricular septum thickness (IVS), and LV mass were significantly higher in IDM than control group (p = .0001). The PWD showed both a significantly more peak mitral flow at early diastolic wave (E) and an early filling deceleration time (E-DT) (p = .0001). Tissue Doppler echocardiography parameters A' (cm/s) (p = .0001), E' (cm/s) (p = .002), and E'/A' ratio (p = .0001), left ventricular myocardial performance index (LVMPI), and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) were outstandingly different between the two groups (p = .0001, respectively). Evaluating the GDM group mothers of class A and class B, no significant difference was noted in PWD or TDI parameters compared with the healthy ones. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that neonates of mothers with well-controlled GDM are still at increased risk of cardiac hypertrophy, subclinical diastolic dysfunction, and impaired left ventricular relaxation. This can be interpreted that focusing only on glycemic control is not enough to prevent cardiac dysfunction.