Predicting mortality in pulmonary tuberculosis: A systematic review of prognostic models.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a highly prevalent disease in low-income countries; clinical prediction tools allow healthcare personnel to catalog patients with a higher risk of death in order to prioritize medical attention. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a literature search on prognostic models aimed to predict mortality in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. We included prospective and retrospective studies where prognostic models predicting mortality were either developed or validated in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Three reviewers independently assessed the quality of the included studies using the PROBAST tool (Prediction model study Risk of Bias Assessment Tool). A narrative review of the characteristics of each model was conducted. RESULTS: Six articles (n = 3553 patients) containing six prediction models were included in the review. Most studies (5 out of 6) were retrospective cohorts, only one study was a prospective case-control study. All the studies had a high risk of bias according to the PROBAST tool in the overall assessment. Regarding the applicability of the prediction models, three studies had a low concern of applicability, two high concern and one unclear concern. Five studies developed new prediction rules. In general, the presented models had a good discriminatory ability, with areas under the curve fluctuating between 0.65 up to 0.91. CONCLUSION: None of the prognostic models included in the review accurately predict mortality in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, due to great heterogeneity in the population and a high risk of bias.

Índice HOMA-IR como predictor de reducción de exceso de peso en pacientes con índice de masa corporal (IMC)≥ 35kg/m2 sometidos a gastrectomía vertical / Higher HOMA-IR index is associated with increased excess weight loss in patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 after vertical gastrectomy

INTRODUCCIÓN: La cirugía bariátrica es considerada la herramienta más efectiva para el tratamiento de la obesidad severa. No está claro si los pacientes con resistencia a la insulina responden igual que otras personas. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la asociación entre el índice HOMA-IR prequirúrgico con el porcentaje de sobrepeso perdido (%PSP) un año poscirugía bariátrica usando la técnica gastrectomía vertical (GV). MÉTODOS: Cohorte retrospectiva incluyendo pacientes ≥ 18 años con IMC ≥ 35 kg/m2 intervenidos por primera vez con GV entre 2014-2017 en la Clínica Avendaño, Perú. Se incluyó solo aquellos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial o dislipidemia. Un %PSP al año ≥ 60% fue considerado satisfactorio. Se usó regresión Lineal y de Poisson con varianza robusta en forma cruda y ajustada para evaluar asociaciones con %PSP. RESULTADOS: La muestra de 91 pacientes tuvo una mediana de 34 años y un 57,1% fueron mujeres. Un 85,7% presentó resistencia a la insulina según HOMA-IR. Al año poscirugía el 76,9% tuvo un %PSP satisfactorio. En el modelo lineal ajustado por cada año de edad adicional hubo un 0,29% menos %PSP (p = 0,019), y por cada punto extra del HOMA-IR hubo 0,93% más %PSP (p = 0,004). La regresión de Poisson ajustada mostró un 2% menos de éxito por cada año de edad adicional (p = 0,050) y un 2% más de éxito por cada punto adicional de HOMA-IR (p = 0,038). CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró asociación entre mayor valor prequirúrgico de HOMA-IR con un mayor %PSP al año poscirugía. Es posible que la resistencia a insulina no afecte de forma adversa los resultados de la cirugía bariátrica GV

INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective treatment for severe obesity. However, it is not clear if patients with diabetes mellitus or insulin resistance have the same response than patients without those conditions. Our objective was to evaluate association between pre-surgical HOMA-IR index and percentage of excess weight loss (EWL%) one year after bariatric surgery using sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS: Retrospective cohort including patients ≥ 18 years old with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, who underwent primary sleeve gastrectomy between 2014-2017 at the Avendaño Medical Center, Peru. Only patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, or Dyslipidemia were included. EWL% ≥ 60% one year after surgery was considered satisfactory. Crude and adjusted Lineal and Poisson regression with robustness was used to assess statistical associations with EWL%. RESULTS: Ninety-one patients were included with a median of 34 years, and 57.1% were women. 85.7% had insulin resistance as per HOMA-IR. One year after surgery, 76.9% had a satisfactory EWL%. The lineal model showed .29% less EWL% per each extra year of life (P = .019), and .93% more EWL% per each extra HOMA-IR point (P = .004). The adjusted Poisson model showed 2% lower risk of having a satisfactory EWL% per each additional year of life (P = .050), and 2% more chance of success per each additional HOMA-IR point (P = .038). CONCLUSIONS: There was association between a higher pre-surgical HOMA-IR index and increased EWL% one year after surgery. It is possible that insulin resistance does not affect negatively sleeve gastrectomy outcomes

Higher HOMA-IR index is associated with increased excess weight loss in patients with BMI≥35kg/m2 after vertical gastrectomy. / Índice HOMA-IR como predictor de reducción de exceso de peso en pacientes con índice de masa corporal (IMC)≥35kg/m2 sometidos a gastrectomía vertical.

INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective treatment for severe obesity. However, it is not clear if patients with diabetes mellitus or insulin resistance have the same response than patients without those conditions. Our objective was to evaluate association between pre-surgical HOMA-IR index and percentage of excess weight loss (EWL%) one year after bariatric surgery using sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS: Retrospective cohort including patients ≥18 years old with BMI≥35kg/m2, who underwent primary sleeve gastrectomy between 2014-2017 at the Avendaño Medical Center, Peru. Only patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, or Dyslipidemia were included. EWL% ≥60% one year after surgery was considered satisfactory. Crude and adjusted Lineal and Poisson regression with robustness was used to assess statistical associations with EWL%. RESULTS: Ninety-one patients were included with a median of 34 years, and 57.1% were women. 85.7% had insulin resistance as per HOMA-IR. One year after surgery, 76.9% had a satisfactory EWL%. The lineal model showed .29% less EWL% per each extra year of life (P=.019), and .93% more EWL% per each extra HOMA-IR point (P=.004). The adjusted Poisson model showed 2% lower risk of having a satisfactory EWL% per each additional year of life (P=.050), and 2% more chance of success per each additional HOMA-IR point (P=.038). CONCLUSIONS: There was association between a higher pre-surgical HOMA-IR index and increased EWL% one year after surgery. It is possible that insulin resistance does not affect negatively sleeve gastrectomy outcomes.