Vaginal botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma in an infant: A case report and review of the literature.

Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy that primarily affects the female genital tract in children. It arises from embryonal rhabdomyoblasts. The vagina is the most common site, but it can also occur, although rarely, in the cervix or uterine fundus. We report the case of a 2-year-old girl who presented with a rapidly growing mass in the vulvar region. A pelvic MRI revealed a grape-like mass occupying the vaginal lumen, suggestive of botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. Biopsy of the mass confirmed the diagnosis.

Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma with adrenal and hepatic metastasis: Case report and literature review.

Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma (PHL) is a rare malignant tumor, which originates from smooth muscles. The imaging features are nonspecific and the diagnosis is often delayed until the tumor reaches a large size, which leads often to a dismal prognosis. We report a case of a 46-year-old male patient who was complaining about abdominal pain for 2 months. The imaging revealed the presence of a large mass in the liver with adrenal and liver metastasis. Diagnosis of PHL was confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. In this case report, we review the epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical aspects of the disease, as well as the treatment modalities.

Mesenteric inflammatory pseudotumor: A rare case report and review of the literature.

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IP) is a rare type of benign tumor. Although initially identified in the lung, it has now been identified in a number of somatic and visceral sites, but mesenteric presentation is uncommon and has a variable clinical presentation. As inflammatory pseudotumor mimic malignancy both clinically and radiologically, the radiologist should be familiar with this entity. The only effective treatment is complete surgical resection. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman who presented with chronic abdominal pain and was diagnosed with a mesenteric inflammatory pseudotumor, in an attempt to illustrate the different imaging aspects of this benign condition in ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and to simplify the description of these tumors.

Unusual clinical presentation of a giant parathyroid adenoma: A case report from Morocco highlighting the rare entity and atypical symptoms.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), an endocrine disorder most commonly caused by parathyroid adenoma (PTA), manifests with a diverse array of symptoms, reflecting the multisystem impact of parathyroid hormone: nephrolithiasis, peptic ulcer disease, psychiatric disorders, muscle weakness, constipation, polyuria, pancreatitis, myalgia, and arthralgia. Rarely do these PTA attain a significant size. PHPT is usually diagnosed through biochemical tests, and radiological imaging characterizes the adenoma. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are useful in explaining the large adenoma size. Here, we report a rare case of a 60-year-old female from Morocco who presented with marked dyspnea due to a giant PTA.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome type II: A rare case report.

MRKH syndrome, or Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, a rare congenital disease, manifests as a complete or partial aplasia of the uterus and the vagina's upper two-thirds with normal external genitalia and functioning ovaries. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome can occur in isolation (type I) or in conjunction with other congenital extragenital deformities affecting the kidneys, skeleton, heart, eyes, or auditory system (type II). The diagnosis of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome typically relies on imaging studies, with transabdominal ultrasonography serving as the primary modality. However, magnetic resonance imaging is considered the gold standard for detailed assessment of internal genital anatomy. We present the case of an 18-year-old woman without any notable medical history who exhibited primary amenorrhea. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome type II was suspected on pelvic ultrasound and subsequently confirmed via magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was provided with psychological assistance and planned for vaginoplasty.

Septo-optic dysplasia plus syndrome in a 2-year-old child: A case report.

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare congenital condition characterized by a triad of septum pellucidum dysgenesis, optic nerve hypoplasia, and hypothalamic-hypophyseal dysfunction. In some cases, additional brain anomalies such as schizencephaly can occur, leading to a more complex presentation known as septo-optic dysplasia plus (SOD+). This case report describes a 2-year-old boy presenting with delayed psychomotor development and visual impairment, ultimately diagnosed with SOD+.

Congenital cervico-vaginal aplasia with a functional uterus: A case report and review of literature.

Maldevelopment of the vagina and cervix is frequently accompanied by uterine aplasia or hypoplasia. Complete cervico-vaginal aplasia with a normally developing uterus is a very uncommon type of developmental failure. Failure to treat the condition can result in complications such as hematometra and hematosalpinx caused by the retrograde flow of blood into the fallopian tubes. In this case report, we describe the case of a 32-year-old woman experiencing cyclic abdominal pain and primary amenorrhea. The patient exhibited cervico-vaginal agenesis, with a functional uterus that was complicated by hematometra and bilateral hematosalpinx.

Late presentation of gastric duplication cyst in pediatric patient: Lessons learned.

Gastrointestinal duplication is an infrequent congenital disorder characterized by the presence of a muscular layer covered by mucosa. Gastric duplication cysts account for approximately 2%-9% of all gastrointestinal duplication cysts. The typical clinical presentation often includes symptoms such as epigastric pain, vomiting, and the presence of a palpable abdominal mass. However, these symptoms can overlap with more common conditions. Diagnostic confirmation usually necessitates additional imaging studies, and surgical intervention is the recommended treatment approach. In this case report, we present the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with chronic abdominal pain and vomiting. Following a comprehensive evaluation, including a CT scan and various diagnostic tests, a diagnosis of gastric duplication cyst was established. The patient subsequently underwent a laparotomy procedure, during which the cyst was completely excised. Follow-up visits indicated an uneventful recovery, with complete resolution of all symptoms. The aim of this work is to report on the clinico-radiological aspects of gastric duplication cysts and their surgical treatment.

Fibrous Dysplasia Polyostotic: When Radiology Clarifies the Diagnosis.

Fibrous dysplasia is a rare non-hereditary congenital condition characterized by 2 main forms: monostotic and polyostotic. Monostotic is the more common form, while polyostotic, often associated with a syndrome, is rarer. The case presented involves a 10-year-old patient who was diagnosed with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia accompanied by an endocrinopathy. This report explores the clinical and radiological aspects of this condition based on the patient's case.

Spinal metastasis of nephroblastoma: Yes it exists.

Nephroblastoma or Wilms' tumor is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney in the pediatric population. Metastasis is caused by hematogenous spread. The most common localizations in decreasing order of frequency are lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. The bone is very rarely affected. According to the literature, bone metastases have been described in the iliac bone, skull, and mandible. The vertebral localization was described in 3 cases only, the first 1 in 2009, and the 2 others in 2015 . The goal of our work is to report a very rare case of metastatic vertebral localization of a Wilms' tumor in relapse after treatment; and thus to underline the potential for vertebral and intracanal involvement in nephroblastoma.

A rare case of uterine rupture in the first trimester of pregnancy: Case report and review of literature.

Uterine rupture is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication. It is commonly a complication that happens in the third trimester of pregnancy. Its occurrence in early pregnancy is very rare. We report a case of a patient who presented with uterine rupture on a scarred uterus during the termination of pregnancy with misoprostol at 10 weeks' amenorrhea. In this case, we discuss the clinical warning signs, risk factors, and diagnostic methodology, and compare our approach with the literature.

Right atrial tumor revealing intravascular leiomyomatosis: about a case and literature review.

Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a very rare extension of uterine leiomyoma through the pelvic vessels. It is a benign pathology with malignant potential with a possibility of intra-cardiac extension and metastases (cerebral, pulmonary, lymph node); early diagnosis is very difficult. Prognosis depends on involvement of the inferior vena cava and extension to the right cavities. We report a case of complications of IVL, precisely the extension in the right atrium, in a 49-year-old woman. The objective of our work is to highlight the importance of imaging in the diagnosis of the vascular extension of leimyomatosis.

Tibia vara caused by focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia: A rare case report.

Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia is an uncommon benign bone condition that predominantly affects children and typically leads to varus deformities in the proximal tibia. It was first described by Bell in 1985. The etiology remains unknown and the diagnosis is radiological; biopsy is not necessary. We present a case of a 2-year-old child who presented to our department for a right limb varus deformity caused by focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia.

A Dental Extraction Revealing a Multisystem Burkitt's Lymphoma: A Case Report.

Burkitt's lymphoma is rare but highly aggressive and very fast-growing B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). It can affect any organ such as the central nervous system, jaw, intestines, kidneys, ovaries, and other organs. It results from the malignant evolution and proliferation of B-type lymphoid cells. The diagnosis is based on a biopsy of a tumor mass or bone marrow aspiration revealing the presence of tumor cells. We report the case of a 7 year old child who was referred for a gingival swelling evolving since 1 month following a dental extraction. Imaging and anatomopathological examination after biopsy concludes to a multi systemic Burkitt's lymphoma. A chemotherapy was immediately started with spectacular complete remission.

Clinical and Radiological Features in Poland Syndrome: Report of 3 Cases and Review of Literature.

Poland syndrome is indeed a rare congenital malformation that can present with various degrees of thoracic and homolateral upper limb anomalies. The classic features of Poland syndrome include agenesis or hypoplasia of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle, hypoplasia of the nipple, absence of subcutaneous fat, multiple rib abnormalities, and sometimes Sprengel deformity (elevation of the scapula). Additionally, ipsilateral symbrachydactyly (combination of "short fingers" with cutaneous syndactyly [fused fingers]) may also be observed. However, it's important to note that not all of these findings are always present in every patient, and the combination of features can vary greatly. Surgical treatment for Poland syndrome primarily focuses on improving pulmonary functions resulting from severe thoracic deformities. However, it is frequently performed with the additional goal of enhancing cosmetic appearance. In recent times, the use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and fat transfer has shown promising results for correcting chest defects and breast augmentation. In our study, we present a series of 3 cases that were referred to our institution due to thoracic deformities associated with Poland syndrome.

A rare case of renal tumor in children: Clear cell sarcoma with an unusual presentation.

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney is the most frequently misdiagnosed renal tumor in children. We report the case of a 6-year-old boy with clear cell sarcoma of the kidney with an unusual presentation, including a primary tumor of the left kidney with metastasis in the homolateral psoas muscle. The renal tumor was revealed by abdominal mass without hematuria. In a review of the literature. Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney is most commonly associated with bone and lung metastases. Muscular metastasis at initial diagnosis has not previously been reported. This case represents an unusual metastatic pattern of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. This also illustrates clear cell sarcoma of the kidney's ability to metastasize to other sites including the muscular. These tumors present a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist who should be aware of this entity to differentiate it from other renal tumors which are more frequent at this age. We aim to report the clinical, radiological features, and pathological presentation of this entity.

Osseous hydatid disease: A mimic of other skeletal pathologies.

Hydatid disease is still endemic in several regions worldwide including Morocco, and is caused in most cases by the larval form of 2 species of the tapeworm Echinococcus: E. granulosus and E. multilocularis. Primary hydatid disease of the bone without systemic involvement is rare. The disease has a silent clinical evolution until it reaches complicated stages. Complications may include pathological fracture, neural deficit, infection, and fistulization of the abscess. Preoperative diagnosis is based on clinical history, imaging findings, and serological tests, which lack high sensitivity and specificity. Although the interpretation of imaging studies can prove to be very confusing because the bone changes evolve with time, and the nonspecificity of these findings often leads to a mistaken diagnosis. The diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, especially in patients who reside in or travel to sheep-raising areas where hydatid disease is endemic. A high index of suspicion is necessary for the diagnosis, especially in patients that live in or travel to sheep-raising areas where hydatid disease is endemic. The treatment of choice remains surgical, following the principles of a locally malignant lesion. Chemotherapy (albendazole alone or in combination with praziquantel) is indicated when surgery is not possible or as an adjuvant treatment. The prognosis is often poor. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman with long-standing pain in the left hip joint in which the imaging findings were thought of as being either tuberculous or neoplastic. The result of a CT-guided biopsy concurred with an unexpected diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. This case highlights that in the absence of a high index of suspicion for echinococcal infection, the semblance of imaging findings of hydatid disease in the bone to those of other skeletal pathologies can lead to misinterpretation.