Synthesis and antitumor mechanisms of a copper(II) complex of anthracene-9-imidazoline hydrazone (9-AIH).

A new anthracycline derivative, anthracene-9-imidazoline hydrazone (9-AIH), was synthesized and selected as an antitumor ligand to afford a copper(II) complex of 9-AIH, cis-[Cu(II)Cl2(9-AIH)] (1). Complex 1 was structurally characterized by IR, elemental analysis, ESI-MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. By MTT assay, it was revealed that 1 showed overall a higher in vitro cytotoxicity than 9-AIH towards a panel of human tumour cell lines, with IC50 values from 0.94­3.68 µM, in which the BEL-7404 cell line was the most sensitive to 1. By spectral analyses and gel electrophoresis, the DNA binding affinity of 9-AIH and 1 was determined. 9-AIH was suggested to bind with DNA in an intercalative mode, with a quenching constant of 1.04 × 10(4) M(−1) on the EB­DNA complex. While for 1, both intercalative and covalent binding modes were suggested. By flow cytometry, 1 was found to block the cell cycle of BEL-7404 cells in a dose-dependent mode, in which it induced the G2/M phase arrest at 0.5 µM and induced the S phase arrest at higher concentrations of 1.0 or 2.0 µM. From the cellular morphological observations under different fluorescence probe staining, a dose-dependent manner of 1 to induce cell apoptosis in the late stage was suggested. Comparatively, equivalent apoptotic cells, respectively, in the early and late stages were found when incubated with 2.0 µM of 9-AIH. The mitochondrial membrane potential measured by JC-1 staining and the ROS generation in cells detected using a DCFH-DA probe suggested that the cell apoptosis induced by 1 might undergo the ROS-related mitochondrial pathway. Accordingly, the mutant p53 expression was found to be suppressed and the caspase cascade (caspase-9/3) was consequently activated by 1. This action mechanism for 1 in the BEL-7404 cells was unique and was not found in the presence of 9-AIH under the same conditions, indicating their different antitumor mechanism. Furthermore, the in vivo acute toxicity of 1 tested on mice indicated that 1 should be a high cytotoxic antitumor agent, with the LD50 value in the range of 32­45 mg kg(−1), which is much higher than that of 9-AIH. From the above results, the central Cu(II) of 1 in the coordinated mode with 9-AIH was believed to play a key role in exerting both the high cytotoxicity and the effective antitumor mechanism.

Diaqua-[3,5-bis-(4-pyrid-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-κN](pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato-κO,N,O)nickel(II).

In the title compound, [Ni(C(7)H(3)NO(4))(C(12)H(9)N(5))(H(2)O)(2)], the Ni(II) atom is coordinated in a distorted octa-hedral geometry by one N and two O atoms from a pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ate ligand, one N atom from a 3,5-bis-(4-pyrid-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole ligand in equatorial positions and two water mol-ecules in axial positions. The crystal packing is consolidated by inter-molecular O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

9-[4-Hydr-oxy-3-(hydroxy-meth-yl)but-yl]guanine monohydrate.

In the mol-ecular structure of the title compound, also named penciclovir monohydrate, C(10)H(15)N(5)O(3)·H(2)O, the 4-hydr-oxy-3-hydroxy-methyl-but-1-yl group is connected to guanine through an N atom of the imidazole ring. Water mol-ecules stabilize the mol-ecular packing by forming O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A three-dimensional network is generated via inter-molecular N-H⋯N, N-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding.