The circZEB1/miR-337-3p/OGT axis mediates angiogenesis and metastasis via O-GlcNAcylation and up-regulating YBX1 in breast cancer.

Background: A growing corpus of research has revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) have become increasingly important for the growth of malignancies in recent years. CircRNAs as ideal candidates for breast cancer (BC) therapeutic targets is still absent. Methods: In our study, the dysregulated circRNAs in BC progression were explored, we analysed the BC's circRNA expression profiles using publicly available datasets (GSE101124 and GSE101122). The expression of circZEB1 in BC and cell lines was investigated by qPCR. RNase and actinomycin D were used to examine the features of circZEB1. The function of circZEB1 was subsequently investigated through the utilisation of colony formation, tube formation, transwell assays, and xenograft animal models.RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), luciferase reporter assays, immunoprecipitation (co-IP) test in conjunction with LC-MS, and ChIP-seq assay to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the biological activity of circZEB1 in BC. Results: Among the circRNAs, we were particularly interested in hsa_circ_0000228, which is spliced from the oncogene ZEB1. In BC cell lines, CircZEB1 expression was upregulated. CircZEB1 knockdown prevented BC cells from migrating and invading, as well as HUVECs from forming tubes and developing. By sponging miR-337-3p, functional testing revealed that circZEB1 promoted O-GlcNAcylation, increased YBX1, and OGT expression. Moreover, circZEB1 overexpression is reversible, in contrast to YBX1 knockdown, which mostly results in the downregulation of multiple oncogenes. Conclusion: Our study indicate that circZEB1 had oncogenic function in BC by focusing on circZEB1/miR-337-3p/OGT and YBX1. It might be inferred that circZEB1 could be a promising new target for BC treatment.

Oral enzyme-responsive nanoprobes for targeted theranostics of inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a progressive and debilitating inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Despite recent advances, precise treatment and noninvasive monitoring remain challenging. METHODS: Herein, we developed orally-administered, colitis-targeting and hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified, core-shell curcumin (Cur)- and cerium oxide (CeO2)-loaded nanoprobes (Cur@PC-HA/CeO2 NPs) for computed tomography (CT) imaging-guided treatment and monitoring of IBD in living mice. RESULTS: Following oral administration, high-molecular-weight HA maintains integrity with little absorption in the upper GIT, and then actively accumulates at local colitis sites owing to its colitis-targeting ability, leading to specific CT enhancement lasting for 24 h. The retained NPs are further degraded by hyaluronidase in the colon to release Cur and CeO2, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Combined with the ability of NPs to regulate intestinal flora, the oral NPs result in substantial relief in symptoms. Following multiple treatments, the gradually decreasing range of the colon with high CT attenuation correlates with the change in the clinical biomarkers, indicating the feasibility of treatment response and remission. CONCLUSION: This study provides a proof-of-concept for the design of a novel theranostic integration strategy for concomitant IBD treatment and the real-time monitoring of treatment responses.

π-π Stacking Induces Fast Zinc Ion Flux for High Power Zinc Ion Devices.

Metallic zinc has been regarded as an ideal anode material for aqueous batteries due to its high capacity, abundance, and low toxicity. Numerous strategies have been proposed for anode protection to address its intrinsic deficiencies. However, existing methods can only suppress dendrite growth at limited current densities, and achieving stable cycling at high rates remains a great challenge. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) reveals that Mn-MOF, with a distinctive π-π stacking structure (π-MOF), can induce accelerated ion transfer dynamics, providing high-speed pathways for Zn2+ flux, which can enable stable deposition even at high rates. As anticipated, the π-MOF@Zn anode exhibits remarkable stability for over 1900 h with the lowest voltage hysteresis (71 mV) at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. This study presents a viable approach to enhance the interface stability of high-rate metal anodes by modulating charge or ion behavior at the interface.

Reducing the Gap in Knowledge and Expectations between Clinicians and People with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or Adrenal Conditions: Simulation via Instant Messaging-Birmingham Advance: Patient and Public Involvement (SIMBA-PPI) Study.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of SIMBA as an educational intervention for both HCPs and people with either PCOS or adrenal conditions and to study the change in knowledge of people with PCOS or adrenal conditions about the conditions and expectations from the HCPs involved in their care following SIMBA-PPI sessions. METHODS: Two SIMBA-PPI sessions (SIMBA-PPI Polycystic ovary syndrome (SIMBA-PCOS) and SIMBA-PPI Adrenal conditions (SIMBA-Adrenal conditions)) were conducted in September 2021 and March 2022. In both sessions, HCPs interacted with moderators on patient management through WhatsApp. Patients with respective conditions underwent workshop-style learning in the same cases. SIMBA-PCOS transcripts were also translated into Brazilian Portuguese and workshops were held in both Brazilian Portuguese and English. The two groups (HCPs and patients) were then brought together to discuss exploring gaps in knowledge and expectations. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test compared differences in pre- and post-SIMBA self-reported confidence levels in HCPs and patients. Qualitative data from the online recordings were transcribed and analysed with inductive thematic analysis to identify gaps in knowledge and expectations from managing the cases. RESULTS: 48 HCPs and 25 patients participated in our study. When compared to pre-SIMBA confidence levels, SIMBA-PPI sessions effectively improved clinicians' confidence in managing PCOS (40.5%, p < .001) and adrenal conditions (23.0%, p < .001) post-SIMBA. Patient participants' confidence in HCPs significantly increased in the PCOS session (SIMBA-PCOS: 6.25%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Integration of PPI into SIMBA improved HCPs' confidence in managing PCOS and adrenal conditions. SIMBA-PPI also improved patients' confidence in HCPs. Our findings suggest that participating in SIMBA-PPI sessions can reduce the gap in knowledge and expectations between patients and HCPs involved in their care.

Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Basic Research and Industrial Application.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have significant potential for applications in portable electric vehicles and intermittent renewable energy storage due to their relatively low cost. Currently, hard carbon (HC) materials are considered commercially viable anode materials for SIBs due to their advantages, including larger capacity, low cost, low operating voltage, and inimitable microstructure. Among these materials, renewable biomass-derived hard carbon anodes are commonly used in SIBs. However, the reports about biomass hard carbon from basic research to industrial applications are very rare. In this paper, we focus on the research progress of biomass-derived hard carbon materials from the following perspectives: (1) sodium storage mechanisms in hard carbon; (2) optimization strategies for hard carbon materials encompassing design, synthesis, heteroatom doping, material compounding, electrolyte modulation, and presodiation; (3) classification of different biomass-derived hard carbon materials based on precursor source, a comparison of their properties, and a discussion on the effects of different biomass sources on hard carbon material properties; (4) challenges and strategies for practical of biomass-derived hard carbon anode in SIBs; and (5) an overview of the current industrialization of biomass-derived hard carbon anodes. Finally, we present the challenges, strategies, and prospects for the future development of biomass-derived hard carbon materials.

DIPAN: Detecting personalized intronic polyadenylation derived neoantigens from RNA sequencing data.

Intronic polyadenylation (IPA) refers to a particular type of alternative polyadenylation where a gene makes use of a polyadenylation site located within its introns. Aberrant IPA events have been observed in various types of cancer. IPA can produce noncoding transcripts or truncated protein-coding transcripts with altered coding sequences in the resulting protein product. Therefore, IPA events hold the potential to act as a reservoir of tumor neoantigens. Here, we developed a computational method termed DIPAN, which incorporates IPA detection, protein fragmentation, and MHC binding prediction to predict IPA-derived neoantigens. Utilizing RNA-seq from breast cancer cell lines and ovarian cancer clinical samples, we demonstrated the significant contribution of IPA events to the neoantigen repertoire. Through mass spectrometry immunopeptidome analysis, we further illustrated the processing and presentation of IPA-derived neoantigens on the surface of cancer cells. While most IPA-derived neoantigens are sample-specific, shared neoantigens were identified in both cancer cell lines and clinical samples. Furthermore, we demonstrated an association between IPA-derived neoantigen burden and overall survival in cancer patients.

Chitosan Phytate Nanoparticles: A Synergistic Strategy for Effective Dental Caries Prevention.

Dental caries is a widespread oral disease that poses a significant medical challenge. Traditional caries prevention methods, primarily the application of fluoride, often fall short in effectively destroying biofilms and preventing enamel demineralization, thereby providing limited efficacy in halting the progression of caries over time. To address this issue, we have developed a green and cost-effective synergistic strategy for the prevention of dental caries. By combining natural sodium phytate and chitosan, we have created chitosan-sodium phytate nanoparticles that offer both the antimicrobial properties of chitosan and the enamel demineralization-inhibiting capabilities of sodium phytate. In an ex vivo biofilm model of human teeth, we found that these nanoparticles effectively prevent biofilm buildup and acid damage to the mineralized tissue. Additionally, topical treatment of dental caries in rodent models has shown that these nanoparticles effectively suppress disease progression without negatively impacting oral microbiota diversity or causing harm to the gingival-mucosal tissues, unlike traditional prevention methods.

Expanding the Potential of Neoantigen Vaccines: Harnessing Bacille Calmette-Guérin Cell-Wall-Based Nanoscale Adjuvants for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy.

Personalized antitumor immunotherapy utilizing neoantigen vaccines holds great promise. However, the limited immunogenicity of existing recognized neoantigens and the inadequate stimulation of antitumor immune responses by conventional adjuvants pose significant challenges. To address these limitations, we developed a nanovaccine that combines a BCG bacterial cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) based nanoscale adjuvant (BCNA) with peptide neoantigens (M27 and M30). This integrated approach provides an efficient translational strategy for cancer immunotherapy. The BCNA nanovaccine, formulated with PLGA as an emulsifier, exhibits excellent biocompatibility and superior antigen presentation compared with conventional BCG-CWS adjuvants. Subcutaneous immunization with the BCNA-based nanovaccine effectively targets lymph nodes, eliciting robust innate and tumor-specific immune responses. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that BCNAs significantly enhance neoantigen immunogenicity while minimizing acute systemic toxicity. Furthermore, when combined with a mouse PD-L1 antibody, our strategy achieves complete tumor elimination in 60% of cases and prevents 25% of tumor growth in a melanoma mouse model. In conclusion, our BCNA-based nanovaccine represents a promising avenue for advancing personalized therapeutic neoantigen vaccines and holds significant implications for enhancing personalized immunotherapy and improving patient outcomes in the field of cancer treatment.

Drug-Loaded Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Bacteria for Immuno-Chemo Combo Therapy in Bladder Cancer.

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a well-established strategy for managing high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); however, over half of patients still experience disease recurrence or progression. Although the combined intravesical instillation of various chemotherapeutic drugs is implemented in clinical trials to enhance the BCG therapy, the outcome is far from satisfying due to severe irritative effects and treatment intolerance at high doses. Therefore, it is adopted the "biotin-streptavidin strategy" to doxorubicin (DOX)-encapsulated nanoparticles within live BCG bacteria (DOX@BCG) to improve treatment outcomes. Adherence of BCG to the bladder epithelium helps precisely target DOX@BCG to the local tumor cells and simultaneously increases intratumoral transport of therapeutic drugs. DOX@BCG effectively inhibits cancer progression and prolongs the survival of rats/mice with orthotopic bladder cancer owing to synergism between BCG-immunotherapy, DOX-chemotherapy, and DOX-induced immunogenic tumor cell death; furthermore, it exhibits improved tolerance and biosafety, and establishes antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the drug-loaded live BCG bacterial delivery system holds considerable potential for clinical translation in the intravesical treatment of bladder cancer.

Enhancing the antioxidant capacity and quality attributes of fermented goat milk through the synergistic action of Limosilactobacillus fermentum WXZ 2-1 with a starter culture.

This study evaluated 75 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditional dairy products in western China for their probiotic properties. Among them, Limosilactobacillus fermentum WXZ 2-1, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TXZ 2-35, Companilactobacillus crustorum QHS 9, and Companilactobacillus crustorum QHS 10 demonstrated potential probiotic characteristics. The antioxidant capacity of these 4 strains was assessed, revealing that L. fermentum WXZ 2-1 exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, when cocultured with Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, L. fermentum WXZ 2-1 demonstrated a synergistic effect in growth medium and goat milk. To explore its effect on goat milk fermentation, different amounts of L. fermentum WXZ 2-1 were added to goat milk, and its physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, flavor substances, and metabolomics were analyzed. The study found that the incorporation of L. fermentum WXZ 2-1 in goat milk fermentation significantly improved the texture characteristics, antioxidant capacity, and flavor of fermented goat milk. These findings highlight the potential of L. fermentum WXZ 2-1 as a valuable probiotic strain for enhancing the functionality and desirability of fermented goat milk, contributing to the development of novel functional foods with improved health benefits and enhanced quality attributes.

Based on PI-RADS v2.1 combining PHI and ADC values to guide prostate biopsy in patients with PSA 4-20 ng/mL.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of prostate health index (PHI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in predicting prostate cancer (PCa) and construct a nomogram for the prediction of PCa and clinically significant PCa (CSPCa) in Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) three lesions cohort. METHODS: This study prospectively enrolled 301 patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMRI) and were scheduled for prostate biopsy. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of each predictor. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to ascertain hidden risk factors and constructed nomograms in PI-RADS three lesions cohort. RESULTS: In the whole cohort, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PHI is relatively high, which is 0.779. As radiographic parameters, the AUC of PI-RADS and ADC values was 0.702 and 0.756, respectively. The utilization of PHI and ADC values either individually or in combination significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of the basic model. In PI-RADS three lesions cohort, the AUC for PCa was 0.817 in the training cohort and 0.904 in the validation cohort. The AUC for CSPCa was 0.856 in the training cohort and 0.871 in the validation cohort. When applying the nomogram for predicting PCa, 50.0% of biopsies could be saved, supplemented by 6.9% of CSPCa being missed. CONCLUSION: PHI and ADC values can be used as predictors of CSPCa. The nomogram included PHI, ADC values and other clinical predictors demonstrated an enhanced capability in detecting PCa and CSPCa within PI-RADS three lesions cohort.

Protocol for transcriptome assembly by the TransBorrow algorithm.

High-throughput RNA-seq enables comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome for various purposes. However, this technology generally generates massive amounts of sequencing reads with a shorter read length. Consequently, fast, accurate, and flexible tools are needed for assembling raw RNA-seq data into full-length transcripts and quantifying their expression levels. In this protocol, we report TransBorrow, a novel transcriptome assembly software specifically designed for short RNA-seq reads. TransBorrow is employed in conjunction with a splice-aware alignment tool (e.g. Hisat2 and Star) and some other transcriptome assembly tools (e.g. StringTie, Cufflinks, and Scallop). The protocol encompasses all necessary steps, starting from downloading and processing raw sequencing data to assembling the full-length transcripts and quantifying their expressed abundances. The execution time of the protocol may vary depending on the sizes of processed datasets and computational platforms.

Effect of Water Exercise Therapy on Lower Limb Function Rehabilitation in Hemiplegic Patients with the First Stroke.

Objective: To investigate water exercise therapy's effect on lower limb function rehabilitation in patients with the first stroke. Method: 160 patients with the first stroke and lower limb dysfunction who received rehabilitation treatment in the Geriatric Hospital of Hainan, China, from May 2020 to June 2021 were randomly divided into two groups, the control group, and the hydrotherapy group. Each group comprises 80 cases in each group. The control group received conventional drug therapy and traditional rehabilitation training, while the hydrotherapy group received underwater exercise training in combination with the routine group treatment plan. The National Health Center Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the modified Rankin scale (MRS), the limb motor function score table (Fugl-Meyer assessment, FMA), Functional Walking Scale (functional ambulation category scale, FAC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the modified Barthel index (MBI) were respectively used to evaluate the neurological function, lower limb motor function, walking function, balance function and daily living ability before and after treatment. Result: There was no significant difference in NIHSS, MRS, FMA, FAC, BBS, and MBI scores between the two groups before treatment (P > .05). However, after 8 weeks of treatment, there was a significant difference in FMA, FAC, BBS, and MBI scores between the two groups (P = .00035). The FMA scores in control group was 16.60 ± 4.49, while 21.45 ± 2.96 after treatment. The FAC scores in control group was 1.45 ± 0.68, while 1.95 ± 0.783 after treatment. Conclusion: Early water exercise training in hemiplegic patients with the first stroke can significantly enhance the balance ability, walking ability as well as limb coordination of patients.

Levelling the learning ground for healthcare professionals across the world through SIMBA: a mixed-methods study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the acceptance, strengths and limitations of Simulation via Instant Messaging-Birmingham Advance (SIMBA) in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs), on healthcare professionals' professional development and learning. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Online (either mobile or computer/ laptop or both). PARTICIPANTS: 462 participants (LMICs: 29.7%, n=137 and HICs: 71.3%, n=325) were included. INTERVENTIONS: Sixteen SIMBA sessions were conducted between May 2020 and October 2021. Doctors-in-training solved anonymised real-life clinical scenarios over WhatsApp. Participants completed pre-SIMBA and post-SIMBA surveys. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes were identified using Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model. LMIC and HIC participants' reactions (level 1) and self-reported performance, perceptions and improvements in core competencies (level 2a) were compared using the χ2 test. Content analysis of open-ended questions was performed. RESULTS: Postsession, there were no significant differences in application to practice (p=0.266), engagement (p=0.197) and overall session quality (p=0.101) between LMIC and HIC participants (level 1). Participants from HICs showed better knowledge of patient management (LMICs: 77.4% vs HICs: 86.5%; p=0.01), whereas participants from LMICs self-reported higher improvement in professionalism (LMICs: 41.6% vs HICs: 31.1%; p=0.02). There were no significant differences in improved clinical competency scores in patient care (p=0.28), systems-based practice (p=0.05), practice-based learning (p=0.15) and communication skills (p=0.22), between LMIC and HIC participants (level 2a). In content analysis, the major strengths of SIMBA over traditional methods were providing individualised, structured and engaging sessions. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals from both LMICs and HICs self-reported improvement in their clinical competencies, illustrating that SIMBA can produce equivalent teaching experiences. Furthermore, SIMBA's virtual nature enables international accessibility and presents potential for global scalability. This model could steer future standardised global health education policy development in LMICs.

Normal vibration distribution search-based differential evolution algorithm for multimodal biomedical image registration.

In linear registration, a floating image is spatially aligned with a reference image after performing a series of linear metric transformations. Additionally, linear registration is mainly considered a preprocessing version of nonrigid registration. To better accomplish the task of finding the optimal transformation in pairwise intensity-based medical image registration, in this work, we present an optimization algorithm called the normal vibration distribution search-based differential evolution algorithm (NVSA), which is modified from the Bernstein search-based differential evolution (BSD) algorithm. We redesign the search pattern of the BSD algorithm and import several control parameters as part of the fine-tuning process to reduce the difficulty of the algorithm. In this study, 23 classic optimization functions and 16 real-world patients (resulting in 41 multimodal registration scenarios) are used in experiments performed to statistically investigate the problem solving ability of the NVSA. Nine metaheuristic algorithms are used in the conducted experiments. When compared to the commonly utilized registration methods, such as ANTS, Elastix, and FSL, our method achieves better registration performance on the RIRE dataset. Moreover, we prove that our method can perform well with or without its initial spatial transformation in terms of different evaluation indicators, demonstrating its versatility and robustness for various clinical needs and applications. This study establishes the idea that metaheuristic-based methods can better accomplish linear registration tasks than the frequently used approaches; the proposed method demonstrates promise that it can solve real-world clinical and service problems encountered during nonrigid registration as a preprocessing approach.The source code of the NVSA is publicly available at https://github.com/PengGui-N/NVSA.

A novel lysosome-related gene signature coupled with gleason score for prognosis prediction in prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is highly heterogeneous, which makes it difficult to precisely distinguish the clinical stages and histological grades of tumor lesions, thereby leading to large amounts of under- and over-treatment. Thus, we expect the development of novel prediction approaches for the prevention of inadequate therapies. The emerging evidence demonstrates the pivotal role of lysosome-related mechanisms in the prognosis of PCa. In this study, we aimed to identify a lysosome-related prognostic predictor in PCa for future therapies. Methods: The PCa samples involved in this study were gathered from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) (n = 552) and cBioPortal database (n = 82). During screening, we categorized PCa patients into two immune groups based on median ssGSEA scores. Then, the Gleason score and lysosome-related genes were included and screened out by using a univariate Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) analysis. Following further analysis, the probability of progression free interval (PFI) was modeled by using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier estimation curves and a multivariable Cox regression analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, nomogram and calibration curve were used to examine the predictive value of this model in discriminating progression events from non-events. The model was trained and repeatedly validated by creating a training set (n = 400), an internal validation set (n = 100) and an external validation (n = 82) from the cohort. Results: Following grouping by ssGSEA score, the Gleason score and two LRGs-neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1) and gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (IFI30)-were screened out to differentiate patients with or without progression (1-year AUC = 0.787; 3-year AUC = 0.798; 5-year AUC = 0.772; 10-year AUC = 0.832). Patients with a higher risk showed poorer outcomes (p < 0.0001) and a higher cumulative hazard (p < 0.0001). Besides this, our risk model combined LRGs with the Gleason score and presented a more accurate prediction of PCa prognosis than the Gleason score alone. In three validation sets, our model still achieved high prediction rates. Conclusion: In conclusion, this novel lysosome-related gene signature, coupled with the Gleason score, works well in PCa for prognosis prediction.

Sustained clinical knowledge improvements from simulation experiences with Simulation via Instant Messaging-Birmingham Advance.

BACKGROUND: Simulation via Instant Messaging-Birmingham Advance (SIMBA) delivers simulation-based learning through WhatsApp and Zoom, helping to sustain continuing medical education (CME) for postgraduate healthcare professionals otherwise disrupted by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to assess whether SIMBA helped to improve clinical knowledge and if this improvement in knowledge was sustained over time. METHODS: Two SIMBA sessions-thyroid and pituitary-were conducted in July-August 2020. Each session included simulation of various real-life cases and interactive discussion. Participants' self-reported confidence, acceptance, and knowledge were measured using surveys and multiple-choice questions pre- and post-simulation and in a 6- to 12-week follow-up period. The evaluation surveys were designed using Moore's 7 Levels of CME Outcomes Framework. RESULTS: A total of 116 participants were included in the analysis. Significant improvement was observed in participants' self-reported confidence in approach to simulated cases (thyroid, n = 37, P < .0001; pituitary, n = 79, P < .0001). Significant improvement in clinical knowledge was observed following simulation (thyroid, n = 37, P < .0001; pituitary, n = 79, P < .0001). For both sessions, retention of confidence and knowledge was seen at 6-12 weeks' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: SIMBA increased participants' clinical knowledge on simulated cases and this improvement was retained up to 6-12 weeks after the session. Further studies are required to explore long-term retention and whether it translates to improved real-world clinical practice.

Trapping Lithium Selenides with Evolving Heterogeneous Interfaces for High-Power Lithium-Ion Capacitors.

Transition metal selenides anodes with fast reaction kinetics and high theoretical specific capacity are expected to solve mismatched kinetics between cathode and anode in Li-ion capacitors. However, transition metal selenides face great challenges in the dissolution and shuttle problem of lithium selenides, which is the same as Li-Se batteries. Herein, inspired by the density functional theory calculations, heterogeneous can enhance the adsorption of Li2 Se relative to single component selenide electrodes, thus inhibiting the dissolution and shuttle effect of Li2 Se. A heterostructure material (denoted as CoSe2 /SnSe) with the ability to evolve continuously (CoSe2 /SnSe→Co/Sn→Co/Li13 Sn5 ) is successfully designed by employing CoSnO3 -MOF as a precursor. Impressively, CoSe2 /SnSe heterostructure material delivers the ultrahigh reversible specific capacity of 510 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at the high current density of 4 A g-1 . In situ XRD reveals the continuous evolution of the interface based on the transformation and alloying reactions during the charging and discharging process. Visualizations of in situ disassembly experiments demonstrate that the continuously evolving interface inhibits the shuttle of Li2 Se. This research proposes an innovative approach to inhibit the dissolution and shuttling of discharge intermediates (Li2 Se) of metal selenides, which is expected to be applied to metal sulfides or Li-Se and Li-S energy storage systems.

Metal-Organic Framework Materials for Electrochemical Supercapacitors.

Exploring new materials with high stability and capacity is full of challenges in sustainable energy conversion and storage systems. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a new type of porous material, show the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, low density, and adjustable pore size, exhibiting a broad application prospect in the field of electrocatalytic reactions, batteries, particularly in the field of supercapacitors. This comprehensive review outlines the recent progress in synthetic methods and electrochemical performances of MOF materials, as well as their applications in supercapacitors. Additionally, the superiorities of MOFs-related materials are highlighted, while major challenges or opportunities for future research on them for electrochemical supercapacitors have been discussed and displayed, along with extensive experimental experiences.