[Changes in skin microrelief of smoking and nonsmoking women of different age].

Age-related changes in female skin microrelief (82 nonsmoking and smoking women at the age from 17 to 80 years) were analyzed by the use of VISIOSCAN VS 98. Measurements were taken on inner side of left forearm at the distance of 2 cm away from the bend of elbow. It was demonstrated that such parameters as relievo (V) and roughness (Ser) increased respectively by a factor of 1,23 and 1,50 times in average in group of smoking women of 17 to 28 years old as compared with nonsmoking women of age mate. The statistically valid differences were well documented using the representative samples. On the basis of the results of these studies we can conclude that smoking has a systemic effect on the whole-body skin.

[Noninvasive assessment of age-related changes in female skin microrelief].

Age-related changes in female skin microrelief (33 nonsmoking women at the age from 17 to 80 years) were analyzed by the use of VISIOSCAN VS 98. Measurements were taken on inner side of left forearm at the distance of 2 cm away from the bend of the elbow. It was demonstrated that most responsive indicators of skin chronological aging in magnitudes of correlation coefficient (R) and time increment (I) of age-related changes are the following skin microrelief parameters: V(relievo), R = 0.45, I(V) = 1.06; Ser (roughness), R = 0.58, I(Ser) = 1.13; Sew(wrinkles), R = 0.48, I(Sew) = 1.03. Based on microrelief parameters, the combined equation of morph functional skin age (T) has been derived by the multiple linear regression: T = -61.66 + 0.15 V + 20.05 Ser + 1.67 Sew. The multiple regression coefficient is equal to 0.72.

[A computer method for assessing the average rate of movement of Paramecium caudatum by a cross-sectional light beam]. / Komp'iuternyi metod otsenki srednei skorosti dvizheniia infuzorii-tufel'ki po peresecheniiu lucha sveta.

The possibility of using the motility of Paramecium caudatum for computer biotesting of toxic substances was studied. The method is based on measuring the number and duration of impulses that arise when protozoa chaotically moving in a layer 0.5 mm thick cross a red light beam (1 mm in diameter). It was found that, in the presence of Cu2+ ions and menadione bisulfite, a compound having prooxidant properties, the number of impulses decreased with a concurrent increase in the duration of impulses. The high correlation between the number of impulses and the reciprocal of impulse duration indicates that the motility of paramecium by the action of Cu2+ ions and menadione slow down, and even an immobilization of some of them occurs. The mean swimming velocity of protozoa was reduced by half within 20 min by the action of Cu2+ at a concentration of 90 microM (6 mg/l of Cu2+ ions) and within 80 min by the action of menadione bisulfite at a concentration of 50 microM. It was shown that the slowing down of motility, which indicates the presence of a toxicant in the medium, is a faster physiological reaction than cell death.

[Nitrogen oxide in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and cataract]. / Oksid azota v patogeneze glaukomy i katarakty.

The content of nitrite (final metabolite of nitroradical) was measured in aqueous humor of patients with glaucoma and cataract. The level of NO formation is increased at the initial stage of glaucoma and decreases with the disease progress. A direct correlation between the level of nitrite in aqueous humor and coefficient of easiness of its discharge was detected. Cataract is associated with a high level of nitrite in intraocular fluid. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of ocular hydro--and hemodynamic regulation and NO involvement in the free radical oxidation reactions, playing an important role in the pathogenesis of both diseases.

[Method for assessing involution ophthalmoendotoxicosis by fluorescent analysis of lacrimal fluid]. / Sposob otsenki involiutsionnogo oftal'moéndotoksikoza putem fliuorestsentnogo issledovaniia sleznoi zhidkosti.

A method for evaluating the binding capacity of aqueous humor albumin as endoophthalmotoxicosis indicator is proposed, consisting in evaluation of this parameter in the lacrimal fluid by fluorescent probe K-35. A correlation between the studied parameter in aqueous humor, lacrimal fluid, and blood serum has been detected. Albumin binding capacity in the above biological fluids of patients with involution ophthalmopathy was low.

[Morpho-biochemical study of the liver and serum albumins during tetrachloromethane intoxication and administration of antihypoxants, antioxidants, and actoprotectors]. / Morfobiokhimicheskoe issledovanie sostoianiia pecheni i sistemy syvorotochnykh al'buminov v usloviiakh intoksikatsii tetrakhlorometanom i vvedeniia antigipoksantov, antioksidantov i aktoprotektorov.

Organism intoxication with tetrachloromethane induces a complex of transformations in the liver and serum albumins system manifested in the liver as necroses in the central lobe, dilatation of sinus capillaries and blood stasis in them, increased content of total water, and changed magneto-relaxation properties indicating decreased structurization of water. The system of serum albumins shows decreased total concentration of albumins in the serum, decreased constant of 1-(phenylamino)-8-sulfonaphthalene probe binding, increased mean number of probe binding per albumin molecule, and increased accessibility of probe in the protein-probe complex for the quencher indicating changed type of interaction between the protein and fluorescent probe. Introduction of a antihypoxant, antioxidant, or actoprotector has a positive effect on the condition of the liver and serum albumins system: The studied indices are nearly completely normalized.

[Synchronization of changes in the level of direct current potential and concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the developing rat brain]. / Sinkhronizatsiia izmenenii urovnia postoiannogo potentsiala i kontsentratsii produktov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov golovnogo mozga v ontogeneze u krys.

The dynamics of the level of direct current potentials and the content of lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes, Schiff bases of phospholipids and lipofuscin in the brain of rats during ontogenesis was studied. It is shown that changes in neurophysiological and biochemical characteristics have an M-shaped character. The synchronization of age-dependent changes in the content of lipid peroxidation products and the dynamics of direct current potentials was revealed.

[Physicochemical aspects of cataract genesis]. / Svobodnoradikal'nye aspekty kataraktogeneza.

Based on their own studies and the data available in the literature, the authors consider the physicochemical aspects of cataract genesis. Emphasis is laid on the role of oxidative stress in this diseases. It is suggested that one of the key mechanisms of cataract genesis is the exhausted lenticular potential and oxidative stress, resulting in the formation of products that enhance lenticular photo lesion and imbalance of cyclonucleotide- and Ca(2+)-dependent cascade systems of regulation, which leas to impaired cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation. Decreased phosphorylation of lenticular fiber proteins reduces their solubility and results in their sorption on the cell membranes, resulting in progressive impairment of the regulatory membrane placement. Light scattering on the folded membrane surfaces in the lenticular fibers is considered to be a main cause of lenticular opacity in cataract.

[Dynamics of functional interhemisphere asymmetry and sexual dimorphism in rat ontogenesis]. / Dinamika funktsional'noi mezhpolusharnoi asimmetrii i polovoi dimorfizm v ontogeneze u krys.

The dynamics of functional interhemispherical asymmetry in the ontogenesis of rats, males and females separately, was studied. The asymmetry was determined by the neurophysiological criterion, the interhemispherical gradient of the distribution of direct current potential of the brain. The sexual dimorphism upon age-related changes in the interhemispherical asymmetry was shown. It is assumed that this asymmetry is involved in the dynamics of neuroendocrine interactions determined by sex.

[Systemic organization of functional interhemisphere asymmetry. Mirror asymmetry]. / Sistemnaia organizatsiia funktsional'noi mezhpolusharnoi asimmetrii. Zerkalo asimmetrii.

The systemic organization of hemispherical asymmetry at the behavioral, neurophysiological, and biochemical levels was studied. An interconnection and hierarchic coordination of the parameters of different levels were revealed, which are confirmed by multiple correlations between them. An interrelation between the processes of peroxidation of brain membrane lipids, the level of direct current potential, and the behavior of animals was shown. A significant difference in correlations between right-hander and left-hander animals was found.

[Comparative study of antiradical effects of several antiglaucoma drugs]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie antiradikal'nogo deistviia nekotorykh antiglaukomatoznykh preparatov.

Studies of the in vitro inhibitory effects of drugs most often used in the treatment of primary glaucoma on the generation of the main active oxygen forms (hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical, singlet oxygen and radical products of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase reaction) showed that antiradical activity is more intrinsic for thimolol and decreases in the following series: betoptic-pilocarpinclofelin. This once more validates the efficacy of beta-blockers in the treatment of glaucoma and prevention of cataract associated with it.

[Changes in the serum albumin system during toxic syndrome and their pharmacologic correction]. / Izmeneniia sistemy syvorotochnykh al'buminov pri toksicheskom sindrome i ikh farmakologicheskaia korrektsiia.

In connection with the important role of serum albumins in pathogenesis and sanogenesis of numerous toxic states, we examined binding capacity of these proteins and conditions of their binding sites after acute poisoning with tetrachloromethane (TCM) and administration of antihypoxic agents (sodium gamma-hydroxybutirate), antioxidants (Dibunol), and actoprotector (Tomersol) to rats. We demonstrated that tetrachloromethane intoxication (3.2 g/kg over 24 h) was accompanied by a certain decrease (by 13.8%) in the total blood serum level of albumins and a tendency to a decrease in the value of the binding constant of negatively charged fluorescent probe 1-(phenylamino)-8-sulfonaphthalene. Under these conditions, the mean number of probe binding sites per albumin molecule increases, and as a result, the total concentration of albumin binding sites in the serum remains virtually unchanged. We found that accessibility of the probe to a quenching agent (potassium nitrate) increases in the protein--probe complex under intoxication conditions, suggesting that the type of interaction between the protein and the fluorescent probe changes as well. Therapeutic/prophylactic administration of an antioxidant, antihypoxic agent, or actoprotector leads to an increase in the level of albumin in the serum (Tomersol), partial normalization of its binding properties (binding constant in the case of sodium gamma-oxybutirate, mean number of binding sites per molecule for Dibunol and Tomersol), and the state of binding sites (sodium gamma-oxybutirate, Dibunol).

[Asymmetry of aging of the large hemispheres of the rat brain]. / Asimmetriia stareniia bol'shikh polusharii golovnogo mozga krys.

The dynamics of the accumulation of free-radical oxidation products in the brain hemispheres of rats in rate ontogenesis was studied. Multiphase changes in the concentration of products in the right and left hemispheres in different age groups were registered. Significant differences in the contents of hydroperoxides, Schiff's bases of phospholipids and lipofuscin in brain hemispheres revealed, which correlates with different rate of ageing of hemispheres.

[Parameters of lens protein fluorescence quenching in early stages of hereditary cataract]. / Parametry tusheniia fliuorestsentsii belkov khrustalika na rannikh stadiiakh nasledstvennoi katarakty.

Several physico-chemical parameters of lenses were investigated in IOR/Hab mice with hereditary cataract aged 4, 6, 8 weeks, i.e. at the stage preceding the development of cataract. The level of restored glutathione in the IOR/Hab lenses /2.0 mM/ was the lowest as compared to other lines but almost the same as in CBA/J /2.3 mM/. In the process of studying protein fluorescence quenching in cortex homogenates by nitrate anions a significant increase of the quenching constant was discovered in IOR/Hab mice: 10.4 M-1 in four-week animals and up to 32.3 M-1 in eight-week animals. The data obtained suggest that a progressing growth of the quenching constant in line IOR/Hab lenses is related to a decreased density of the protein negative charge resulted from their decreased phosphorylation.

[Increase of accessibility of murine lens protein fluorophores to water in the development of radiation-induced cataract]. / Uvelichenie dostupnosti belkovykh fluoroforov khrustalika myshi dlia vody pri razvitii radiatsionnoi katarakty.

The accessibility of tryptophanyl fluorophores in crystalline proteins to water molecules was estimated by measuring the enhancement of the fluorescence of lens homogenates in 70% D2O as compared to 100% H2O. Assuming that two sorts of fluorophores exist in the proteins, one entirely accessible to H2O and D2O and the other--absolutely not, we have calculated the portion of either group in the protein fluorescence (alpha and 1-alpha, correspondingly). Measurement of murine lens homogenates fluorescence at different stages of radiation-induced cataract, initiated with total gamma irradiation in a dose 5 Gy have shown an increased accessibility of tryptophanyl for water with cataract development. At earlier stages of cataract (appearance of scattered dot opacities) the portion of water-accessible tryptophanyl increased from 0.14 to 0.18, i.e. by a factor of 1.3. The data obtained suggest that protein globules unfold in the coarse of cataract development.