[Establishment and validation of a risk predictive model of preoperative drug-induced limitation of pupil dilation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with concomitant cataract].

Objective: To establish and validate a risk predictive model of preoperative drug-induced limitation of pupil dilation (PD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with concomitant cataract. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, in which 376 T2DM patients with concomitant cataract who received cataract operation in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from October 2022 to March 2023 were randomly selected as the study subjects. Of the 376 patients, 268 who were admitted to the hospital from October to December 2022 served as the modeling group, and were divided into PD limited group (n=187) and PD unlimited group (n=81) based on whether they had drug-induced limitation of PD. Logistic regression was used to establish a risk predictive model, R software was used to draw the nomogram, Hosmer-Lemeshow test was utilized to judge the model's goodness of fit, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was adopted to validate the predicting efficacy of the model. Another 108 T2DM patients who received cataract operation in the same hospital from January to March 2023 served as the validation group, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test and ROC curve were used for the external validation of the model. Results: In the modeling group (n=268), there were 124 males and 144 females, with the mean age of (66.6±6.8) years, while in the validation group (n=108), there were 51 males and 57 females, with the mean age of (64.9±9.1) years. The incidence of preoperative drug-induced limitation of PD was 69.8% (187/268) in T2DM patients with concomitant cataract. T2DM disease course (OR=1.134, 95%CI: 1.074-1.198, P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.863, 95%CI: 0.767-0.972, P=0.015), glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) level (OR=1.397, 95%CI: 1.055-1.849, P=0.019) and baseline pupil dimeter (OR=0.089, 95%CI: 0.045-0.179, P<0.001) were the risk factors of drug-induced limitation of PD. Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed χ2=6.231 and P=0.621, the area under curve (AUC) of ROC curve was 0.897 (95%CI: 0.857-0.937, P<0.001), and when the Youden index was the maximum (0.655), the model's sensitivity and specificity was 0.877 and 0.778, respectively. The external validation results demonstrated that the AUC of ROC curve was 0.928 (95%CI: 0.875-0.981, P<0.001), the maximum Youden index was 0.761, the sensitivity was 0.932, the specificity was 0.829, and the overall accuracy was 89.8%. Conclusion: The risk predictive model established in the current study can provide reference for the clinical assessment of the risk of preoperative drug-induced limitation of PD in T2DM patients with concomitant cataract.

Long noncoding RNA CASC2 alleviates the growth, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma via downregulating CDK1.

Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, "Long noncoding RNA CASC2 alleviates the growth, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma via downregulating CDK1, by H.-B. Xing, H.-M. Qiu, Y. Li, P.-F. Dong, X.-M. Zhu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (11): 4777-4783-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201906 _18060-PMID: 31210307" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/18060.

Long noncoding RNA CASC2 alleviates the growth, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma via downregulating CDK1.

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have revealed the important role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating the progression of tumorigenesis. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent tumor in the world. This study aims to identify the specific mechanism of lncRNA CASC2 in alleviating the progression of OSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CASC2 expression in OSCC cell lines and 40 paired OSCC samples were detected by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, in vitro functions of CASC2 in regulating the cellular behaviors of OSCC cells were identified by performing transwell assay, wound healing assay and proliferation assay. The underlying mechanism of CASC2 in mediating the progression of OSCC was explored by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: CASC2 expression was remarkably downregulated in OSCC tissues compared with that in adjacent normal samples. Moreover, proliferation, invasion and migration were inhibited in OSCC cells overexpressing CASC2. CASC2 overexpression in OSCC cells downregulated CDK1 at both mRNA and protein levels in vitro. Besides, the expression of CDK1 in OSCC tissues was negatively correlated to the expression of CASC2. CONCLUSIONS: CASC2 suppresses the migration, invasion and proliferation of OSCC cells through downregulating CDK1, which may offer a new therapeutic intervention for OSCC patients.

The dynamic effects of surfactants on droplet formation in coaxial microfluidic devices.

Droplet emulsification in microfluidic devices involves the constant formation of fresh interfaces between two immiscible fluids. When the multiphase system contains surfactant, dynamic mass transfer of the surfactant onto the interface results in a dynamic interfacial tension different from the static interfacial tension measured in an equilibrium state. In this work, we have systematically investigated the effects of surfactant concentration and type on the dynamic interfacial tension of two different liquid-liquid two phase systems [N-hexane/water-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and N-hexane/water-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)] rapidly producing relatively small droplets in coaxial microfluidic devices. Dynamic interfacial tension experiments using the pendent drop method and a tensiometer were conducted, and a semiempirical equation was developed to put into context the effects of surfactants and the experimental conditions on droplet formation and dynamic interfacial tension in dynamic microchannel flows. The results presented in this work provide a more in-depth understanding of the dynamic effects of surfactants on droplet formation and the precise controllable preparation of monodispersed droplets in microfluidic devices.