Influence of Microtextured Implant Surfaces on Peri-implantitis and Its Treatment: A Preclinical Trial.

PURPOSE: The prevalence of peri-implantitis has increased significantly, forcing clinicians to search for ways to prevent it. Laser-microtextured surfaces promote soft tissue attachment and provide a tight seal around implants. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of ligature-induced peri-implantitis, as well as the effect of surgical treatment of these induced peri-implantitis lesions on laser-microtextured implants in a controlled animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six mini-pigs (three males/three females) received 6 implants each (3 resorbable blast textured [RBT] implants and 3 laser-microtextured [LM] implants) in mandibular premolar sites, for a total of 36 implants. Two groups were identified based on the time point of sample analysis. After osseointegration was achieved, metal wire ligatures were placed and left for 12 weeks. Group 1 samples were then obtained, and group 2 samples received rescue therapy following a guided bone regeneration (GBR) protocol. Sample collection in group 2 was completed 12 weeks after the samples were submerged and treated. All samples were analyzed histologically and measurements were taken. RESULTS: Four implants (three RBT, one LM) were lost at early time points because of implant instability. Interimplant distances and soft tissue thicknesses varied subtly between groups. More notable was the mean (± standard error of the mean) crestal bone loss (group 1: 1.860 ± 1.618 mm [LM] and 2.440 ± 2.691 mm [RBT]; group 2: 2.04 ± 1.613 mm [LM] and 3.00 ± 2.196 mm [RBT]) (P < .05), as demonstrated by a paired t test. Histologic pocket depth was also greater at RBT sites than at LM sites (4.448 ± 2.839 mm and 4.121 ± 2.251 mm, respectively, in group 1; and 3.537 ± 2.719 mm and 2.339 ± 1.852 mm, respectively [P < .005] in group 2). CONCLUSION: LM implants had less crestal bone loss and shallower histologic pocket depth compared with their RBT counterparts. Also, LM implants had higher bone fill when a rescue therapy (GBR) was performed.

Multilobular tumor of bone in the mandible of a dog.

An 8-year-old Siberian husky dog was presented for a mass involving the rostral mandible. Intraoral radiographs demonstrated diffusely irregular bone and displacement of all mandibular incisor teeth. The mass was diagnosed as a grade I multilobular tumor of bone based on incisional biopsy. A bilateral rostral mandibulectomy was performed with tumor negative margins. Oral examination at 14-months following surgery indicated normal healing with minimal side effects and no evidence of tumor recurrence.

A treatment of stomatitis and treatment in cats.

A three-year old spayed female Domestic Shorthair was diagnosed with chronic plasmacytic stomatitis involving the mandibular gingiva caudal to the canine teeth. The cat presented with excessive drooling and bleeding from the gums. The definitive diagnosis was made on oral tissue samples obtained by biopsy and submitted for histopathology. The management included bilateral extraction of the mandibular and maxillary premolars and molars with closure of the defects utilizing a single mucosal flap in each quadrant. Preoperative laboratory evaluation and negative feline leukemia virus and/or feline immunodeficiency virus testing were performed. Following surgical removal of the teeth, the inflammation improved for eight months before returning. The cat now maintains comfort with parenteral injections of corticosteroid approximately every three to five months. Compounding pharmacists play a vital role in the treatment of felines due to their small size concerns with toxicity and sensitivity to certain medications and their reluctance to be dosed. Even in medical cases where a surgical procedure is the final resolution to an issue, compounded preparations are often required prior to surgery, during surgery, and post surgery for the purpose of eliminating pain and discomfort in the feline patient.

Surgical technique for long-term cecal cannulation in the Yucatan minipig (Sus scrofa domestica).

Measurements of standardized ileal digestibility yield more useful results than do those of fecal digestibility. To that end, cecal cannulation of the pig has been performed extensively in an attempt to model the digestive processes of humans. Here we introduce a technique for the placement of a permanent cecal cannula with a silicon port that is larger in diameter than those previously described in the literature. A large lumen offers several advantages, most notably ease in collection of larger samples and introduction of materials into the cecum. To date, this technique has been used successfully to cannulate 39 Yucatan minipigs at our institution. Long-term, there have been no major complications with the procedure or cannulas.

Canine oral malodor.

Canine oral malodor may be the first indication that a serious disease process is occurring in the oral cavity. Various methods for detecting oral malodor have been used in humans, and some of these are suitable for collecting data in the dog. Oral malodor often responds favorably to improved oral hygiene, administered first by a trained professional and followed with adequate home care.

Trimming tusks in the Yucatan minipig.

The Yucatan minipig boar's tusks grow continuously throughout its life. Although these animals tend to be gentle in disposition, boars used in biomedical research should have their tusks trimmed to avoid injury to personnel as well as discomfort to the animal. The authors describe in detail a tusk-trimming procedure.