RESUMO
Angiotensin II receptor 1(AT1) antagonists are beneficial in focal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, in cases of global I/R, such as cardiac arrest (CA), AT1 blocker's potential benefits are still unknown. Wistar male rats were allocated into four groups: Control group (CG)-animals submitted to CA by ventricular fibrillation induced by direct electrical stimulation for 3 min, and anoxia for 5 min; Group AT1 (GAT1)-animals subjected to CA and treated with 0.2 mg/kg of candesartan diluted in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (0.1%); Vehicle Group (VG): animals subjected to CA and treated with 0.2 ml/kg of DMSO and Sham group (SG)-animals submitted to surgical interventions, without CA. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation consisted of group medications, chest compressions, ventilation, epinephrine (20 mcg/kg) and defibrillation. The animals were observed up to 4 h after spontaneous circulation (ROSC) return, and survival rates, hemodynamic variables, histopathology, and markers of tissue injury were analyzed. GAT1 group had a higher rate of ROSC (62.5% vs. 42.1%, p < 0.0001), survival (100% vs. 62.5%, p = 0.027), lower incidence of arrhythmia after 10 min of ROSC (10% vs. 62.5%, p = 0.000), and lower neuronal and cardiac injury scores on histology evaluation (p = 0.025 and p = 0.0052, respectively) than GC group. The groups did not differ regarding CA duration, number of adrenaline doses, or number of defibrillations. AT1 receptor blockade with candesartan yielded higher rates of ROSC and survival, in addition to neuronal and myocardial protection.
Assuntos
Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Parada Cardíaca , Masculino , Ratos , Animais , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina , Dimetil Sulfóxido , Ratos Wistar , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Epinefrina , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Individuals born from pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia have an elevated risk for cognitive impairment. Deviations in maternal plasma angiokines occur for prolonged intervals before clinical signs of preeclampsia. We hypothesized that fetal brain vascular and nervous tissue development become deviated during maternal progression toward preeclampsia and that such deviations would be detectable by MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this pilot study, 10 matched (gestational and current ages) pairs (5 boys/5 girls, 7-10 years of age) from preeclampsia or control pregnancies were examined by using diffusion tensor MR imaging. An unbiased voxel-based analysis was conducted on fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity parametric maps. Six brain ROIs were identified for subsequent analysis by tractography (middle occipital gyrus, caudate nucleus and precuneus, cerebellum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and cingulate gyrus). RESULTS: Statistical differences were present between groups for fractional anisotropy in the caudate nucleus (offspring from preeclamptic gestation > controls), volume of the tract for the superior longitudinal fasciculus (offspring from preeclamptic gestation > controls) and the caudate nucleus (offspring from preeclamptic gestation > controls), and for parallel diffusivity of the cingulate gyrus (offspring from preeclamptic gestation > controls). CONCLUSIONS: These novel preliminary results along with previous results from the same children that identified altered cerebral vessel calibers and increased regional brain volumes justify fully powered MR imaging studies to address the impact of preeclampsia on human fetal brain development.
Assuntos
Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Pré-Eclâmpsia/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Anisotropia , Núcleo Caudado/diagnóstico por imagem , Artérias Cerebrais/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Feminino , Giro do Cíngulo/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , GravidezRESUMO
This study investigated the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in tissue necrosis, genotoxicity, and cell apoptosis. Random skin flaps were made in 50 male Wistar rats, randomly divided into the following groups. Control group (CT), wherein a rectangular skin section (2 x 8 cm) was dissected from the dorsal muscle layer, preserving the cranial vessels, lifted, and refixed to the bed; distilled water (DW) group, in which DW was injected into the distal half of the skin flap; DMSO group, wherein 5% DMSO was injected; HBOT group, comprising animals treated only with HBOT; and HBOT + DMSO group, comprising animals treated with 100% oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 1 h, 2 h after the experiment, daily for 10 consecutive days. A skinflap specimen investigated by microscopy. The percentage of necrosis was not significantly different between groups. The cell viability index was significantly different between groups (P < 0.001): 87.40% (CT), 86.20% (DW), 84.60% (DMSO), 86.60% (DMSO + HBO), and 91% (HBO) (P < 0.001), as was the cell apoptosis index of 12.60 (CT), 12.00 (DW), 15.40 (DMSO), 9.00 (HBO), and 12.00 (DMSO + HBO) (P < 0.001). The genotoxicity test revealed the percentage of cells with DNA damage to be 22.80 (CT), 22.60 (DW), 26.00 (DMSO), 8.80 (DMSO + HBO), and 7.20 (HBO) (P < 0.001). Although the necrotic area was not different between groups, there was a significant reduction in the cellular DNA damage and apoptosis index in the HBOT group.
Assuntos
Dimetil Sulfóxido/administração & dosagem , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Necrose/terapia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/patologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Necrose/patologia , Ratos , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
Records of 17,141 Nellore cattle participating in cattle championships, born from 1994-2009, were used to estimate genetic parameters between animal rank in cattle championships, evaluated from weaning to 36 months of age as repeated traits, and growth, fertility, and carcass traits, evaluated at 365 days of age as single traits. Two traits were defined for animal rank in cattle championships: value 1 was attributed to animals ranked from 1st to 3rd place within the age category, and value 0 was assigned to the remaining animals (TOP3). Value 1 was attributed to animals ranked from 1st to 5th place within the age category and value 0 was assigned to the remaining animals (TOP5). The (co)variance components were estimated based on Bayesian inference under a 2-trait threshold-linear animal model. The posterior means of heritability estimated for TOP3 and TOP5 were 0.182 ± 0.010 and 0.260 ± 0.012, respectively, and their repeatabilities were 0.341 ± 0.007 and 0.400 ± 0.007, respectively. High-ranking animals generally presented higher breeding values for body weight, height, body length, and heart girth. The phenotypic correlations indicate that judges of cattle championships primarily rank animals based on weight and heart girth.
Assuntos
Estudos de Associação Genética , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Animais , Bovinos , FenótipoRESUMO
Radiation hybrid maps were constructed for river buffalo and cattle Y chromosomes. A total of 41 cattle-derived Y-chromosome molecular markers were selected and tested with 2 previously described 5,000-rad whole-genome radiation hybrid (RH) panels (river buffalo - BBURH(5000) and cattle - BTARH(5000)) for generation of maps. Among the initial 41 selected markers, a subset of 26 markers generated PCR products suitable for scoring with the BBURH(5000) panel. Of these, 19 markers (73%) were distributed in 1 linkage group spanning 341.3 cR. Retention frequencies (RF) for individual markers ranged from 17.8% for SMCY to 56.7% for BTY1, with an average RF of 37.6%. From the selected markers, 37 generated reliable scores using the BTARH(5000) panel. The newly constructed BTAY RH map contains 28 markers distributed within 1 linkage group. Twenty-four of these markers had been previously mapped on BTAY using a 7,000-rad cattle-hamster WG-RH panel and 4 markers were mapped for the first time (ZFY, SeqRep, RepSeqS4 and BTY1). The length of the BTAY RH map was estimated to be 602.4 cR. Retention frequencies for individual mapped markers ranged from 10% (INRA126) to 63.3% (SeqRep), with an average RF of 35.3%. RH marker positions along the Y chromosome were compared between BBUY and BTAY, which revealed differences in the order of some of the markers. The BBUY pseudoautosomal region (PAR) is delineated by 3 BTAY PAR markers (MAF45, TGLA325 and UMN2008). These markers are telomeric in both species but are not found in the same order. Here we have demonstrated the effective use of bovine Y chromosome markers for the development of the first BBUY RH map. Likewise, these set of markers can be used for comparative assessment of Y chromosomes in other members of the Bovidae family.
Assuntos
Búfalos/genética , Bovinos/genética , Células Híbridas/efeitos da radiação , Cromossomo Y , Animais , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) contains a set of genes necessary for antigen presentation in the immune system. This gene dense and polymorphic region of the mammalian genome is of considerable interest due to the role of MHC genes in immune function and animal health. Previous cytogenetic studies have indicated that the MHC in river buffalo resides on the short arm of chromosome 2 (BBU2). A 5000-rad radiation hybrid mapping panel was recently generated to enable construction of a whole genome map of river buffalo. To this end, the aims of this project were to elucidate the general organization of the MHC on BBU2, and to compare gene order within this region to the MHC in cattle. PCR primers were selected from the bovine gene map and used with the BBURH5000 panel to map a set of ten MHC class II genes in river buffalo. Analysis indicates that these genes fall into two linkage groups, consistent with organization of the MHC in cattle. This comparison of buffalo and bovine MHC gene order provides the first insight into the organization of the MHC on river buffalo chromosome 2.
Assuntos
Búfalos/genética , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Búfalos/imunologia , Mapeamento Cromossômico/veterinária , Primers do DNARESUMO
Monitoring for wild yeast contaminants is an essential component of the management of the industrial fuel ethanol manufacturing process. Here we describe the isolation and molecular identification of 24 yeast species present in bioethanol distilleries in northeast Brazil that use sugar cane juice or cane molasses as feeding substrate. Most of the yeast species could be identified readily from their unique amplification-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprint. Yeast of the species Dekkera bruxellensis, Candida tropicalis, Pichia galeiformis, as well as a species of Candida that belongs to the C. intermedia clade, were found to be involved in acute contamination episodes; the remaining 20 species were classified as adventitious. Additional physiologic data confirmed that the presence of these major contaminants cause decreased bioethanol yield. We conclude that PCR fingerprinting can be used in an industrial setting to monitor yeast population dynamics to early identify the presence of the most important contaminant yeasts.
Assuntos
Etanol/metabolismo , Microbiologia Industrial , Leveduras/classificação , Leveduras/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Intergênico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Fermentação , Genes de RNAr , Melaço/microbiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , RNA Fúngico/genética , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA Ribossômico 5,8S/genética , Ribotipagem , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sacarose/metabolismoRESUMO
AIMS: To identify and characterize the main contaminant yeast species detected in fuel-ethanol production plants in Northeast region of Brazil by using molecular methods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total DNA from yeast colonies isolated from the fermentation must of industrial alcohol plants was submitted to PCR fingerprinting, D1/D2 28S rDNA sequencing and species-specific PCR analysis. The most frequent non-Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates were identified as belonging to the species Dekkera bruxellensis, and several genetic strains could be discriminated among the isolates. The yeast population dynamics was followed on a daily basis during a whole crop harvesting period in a particular industry, showing the potential of D. bruxellensis to grow faster than S. cerevisiae in industrial conditions, causing recurrent and severe contamination episodes. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that D. bruxellensis is one of the most important contaminant yeasts in distilleries producing fuel-ethanol from crude sugar cane juice, specially in continuous fermentation systems. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Severe contamination of the industrial fermentation process by Dekkera yeasts has a negative impact on ethanol yield and productivity. Therefore, early detection of D. bruxellensis in industrial musts may avoid operational problems in alcohol-producing plants.
Assuntos
DNA Fúngico/análise , Fontes Geradoras de Energia , Etanol , Microbiologia Industrial , Saccharomycetales/genética , Saccharum , Brasil , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Fermentação , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genéticaRESUMO
Industrial ethanol fermentation is a complex microbiological process to which yeast cells must adapt for survival. One of the mechanisms for adaptation is thought to involve chromosome rearrangements. We found that changes in chromosome banding patterns measured by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis can also be produced in laboratory media under simulated industrial conditions. Based on analysis of their generational variation, we found that these chromosome changes were specific to the genetic backgrounds of the initial strains. We conclude that chromosome rearrangements could be one of the factors involved in yeast cell adaptation to the industrial environment.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Fúngicos/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Adaptação Fisiológica , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Biotecnologia , Instabilidade Cromossômica , Impressões Digitais de DNA , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Fúngico/isolamento & purificação , Etanol/metabolismo , Fermentação , Cariotipagem , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/fisiologiaRESUMO
Industrial ethanol fermentation is a complex microbiological process to which yeast cells must adapt for survival. One of the mechanisms for adaptation is thought to involve chromosome rearrangements. We found that changes in chromosome banding patterns measured by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis can also be produced in laboratory media under simulated industrial conditions. Based on analysis of their generational variation, we found that these chromosome changes were specific to the genetic backgrounds of the initial strains. We conclude that chromosome rearrangements could be one of the factors involved in yeast cell adaptation to the industrial environment.
Assuntos
Instabilidade Cromossômica , Cromossomos Fúngicos/genética , DNA Fúngico/genética , Etanol/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Adaptação Fisiológica , Biotecnologia , Impressões Digitais de DNA , DNA Fúngico/isolamento & purificação , Fermentação , Cariotipagem , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/fisiologiaRESUMO
AIMS: The present work focuses on the possibility to use conserved primers that amplify yeast ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA locus (rDNA) to detect the presence of non-Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in fermentation must of bioethanol fermentation process. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total DNA was extracted from pure or mixed yeast cultures containing different cell concentrations and different contaminant/fermenting yeast concentrations and submitted to PCR. Upon improvement of detection limits and DNA extraction protocol, must samples of distillery were checked for the presence of contaminant yeast. Contaminant rDNA bands were detected only in industrial samples during contamination episodes, but not in noncontaminated must. CONCLUSIONS: The method described here could detect the presence of contaminant yeast from industrial must in eight hours after sampling. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The improved procedure may help to avoid severe contamination episodes at fermentation industries by decreasing the detection time from 5 days to 8 h and possible quantification of contaminant yeasts that can impose economical loss to the process.
Assuntos
Etanol/metabolismo , Microbiologia Industrial , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Leveduras/classificação , DNA Ribossômico/análise , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/análise , Fermentação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/classificação , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Leveduras/genética , Leveduras/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the substitution of the standard auscultatory method by the oscillometric blood pressure monitor, independently of the validity of the intraarterial blood pressure measurement. The accuracy of the automatic oscillometric monitor was compared to the auscultatory mercury manometer blood pressure measurement in apparently healthy school age children. METHODS: A device able to perform 3 simultaneous readings are used: one reading by the monitor and the others by two "blind" observers. We studied 72 school age children with the following characteristics: mean age 9.5 (6.1-16.1) and 39 males (54.2%). RESULTS: The difference for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure obtained by the monitor was in average + 6.2 mmHg and + 10.0 mmHg, respectively, when compared to the observer's readings. There was neither a good correlation nor a good agreement between the two observers and the monitor in the blood pressure determination. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the substitution of the standard auscultatory method for the non-invasive oscillometric method to measure blood pressure in school age children can not be generally recommended.
RESUMO
This study describes a pioneering industrial-scale experience by Tobasa in ethanol production from the amylaceous flour obtained by mechanical processing of the babassu mesocarp. Technical aspects related to enzymatic and fermentation processes, as well as overall economical aspects, are discussed. When produced in a small-size industrial plant (5000 L/d), babassu ethanol has a final cost of about $218/m3. The impact of raw materials, production, and processing (enzymes, steam, energy, and so on) on the final product cost is also presented. Babassu coconut ethanol can be produced at low cost, compared with traditional starchy raw materials or sugar cane. The net profitability of ethanol production is about 40% for babassu coconut and just 10% for sugar cane. If the estimated renewable babassu resources were entirely industrially used, 1 billion L/yr of ethanol could be produced, which would roughly correspond to 8% of the current Brazilian ethanol production.
RESUMO
We measured umbilical cord aldosterone concentrations in 64 premature newborn infants. The median serum aldosterone level was 74.5 ng dl-1 (range 22-280 ng dl-1). Of the studied perinatal factors, only gestational age and birthweight presented a significant influence on the umbilical cord aldosterone levels. Newborn infants with a gestational age of over 34 weeks and a birthweight of over 2000 g had a significantly higher aldosterone cord level than those aged 34 weeks or younger and 2000 g or less in weight.
Assuntos
Aldosterona/sangue , Sangue Fetal/química , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/sangue , Peso ao Nascer , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso/sangue , Recém-Nascido , MasculinoRESUMO
The influence of the mode of delivery on the umbilical cord serum aldosterone levels in preterm newborn infants was studied. Sixty-four newborn infants gestational age less than 37 weeks were sequentially included in the study. Umbilical cord blood was collected just after birth and the aldosterone level was measured by radioimmunoassay. The median aldosterone level of the whole studied sample was 74.5 ng/dl (range: 22.00-280.00 ng/dl). The aldosterone level of the 31 newborn infants delivered vaginally was similar of the 33 newborn infants delivered by cesarean-section. When the cesarean group was subdivided in presence or not of labor prior to delivery, the aldosterone levels of those delivered after labor was significantly higher than those without labor. It is suggested that some event associated to the mode of delivery or the presence of labor prior to delivery may influence aldosterone levels in preterm newborn infants.
RESUMO
When food is presented to P. paulensis, as well as to several other decapods, the animals exhibit a typical feeding behavior. The possible inducer of this response was determined by observing and analyzing their behavior when different chemicals were placed in the water, especially substances normally found in their food. L-isoleucine seems to be the most important substance in inducing such reactions.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/farmacologia , Células Quimiorreceptoras/efeitos dos fármacos , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Penaeidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Isoleucina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Os autores apresentam um caso de hernia supravesical interna causando obstrucao intestinal, e discutem os fatores etiologicos, o diagnostico e o tratamento