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A new biopreparation is developed to clean soils from oil pollution in the arid climate of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The biopreparation includes bacterial strains R. qingshengii F2-1, R. qingshengii F2-2, and P. alloputida BS3701. When using the biopreparation in a liquid mineral medium with 15% crude oil, laboratory studies have revealed degradation of 48% n-alkanes and 39% of PAHs after 50 days. The effectiveness of the biopreparation has been demonstrated in field experiments in the soil contaminated with 10% crude oil at the K-Kurylys landfill, Republic of Kazakhstan. During the six-month field experiment, the number of oil degraders reached 107 CFU/g soil, which degraded 70% of crude oil by the end of the experiment.
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The poultry industry is generating a significant amount of waste from chicken droppings that are abundant in microbes as well as macro- and micronutrients suitable for manure. It has the potential to improve the microbial activity and nutrient dynamics in the soil, ultimately improving soil fertility. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of chicken droppings manure (CDM) on the diversity of the soil microbiome in the free walking chicken's area located in Stefanidar, Rostov Region, Russia. The data obtained were compared with 16 s rRNA from control samples located not far from the chicken's free-walking area, but not in direct contact with the droppings. Effect of CDM on the physicochemical characteristics of the soil and changes in its microbial diversity were assessed by employing the metagenomic approaches and 16 s rRNA-based taxonomic assessment. The alpha and beta diversity indices revealed that the application of the CDM significantly improved the soil microbial diversity. The 16S taxonomical analysis confirmed Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes as abundant bacterial phylum. It also revealed the increase in the total number of the individual operational taxonomic unit (OTU) species, a qualitative indicator of the rich microbial community. The alpha diversity confirmed that the significant species richness of the soil is associated with the CDM treatment. The increased OTUs represent the qualitative indicator of a community that has been studied up to the depth of 5-20 cm of the CDM treatment range. These findings suggested that CDM-mediated microbial richness are believed to confer the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, along with key soil enzymes such as dehydrogenases and catalase carbohydrate-active enzymes. Hence, the application of CDM could improve soil fertility by nutrient cycling caused by changes in soil microbial dynamics, and it could also be a cost-effective sustainable means of improving soil health.
Assuntos
Microbiota , Solo , Animais , Galinhas , Esterco , Aves Domésticas , Microbiologia do Solo , Bactérias/genéticaRESUMO
The possibility of using the microorganisms Pseudomonas sp. 7p-81, Pseudomonas putida BS394(pBS216), Rhodococcus erythropolis s67, Rhodococcus pyridinivorans 5Ap, Rhodococcus erythropolis X5, Rhodococcus pyridinivorans F5 and Pseudomonas veronii DSM 11331T as the basis of a biosensor for the phenol index to assess water environments was studied. The adaptation of microorganisms to phenol during growth was carried out to increase the selectivity of the analytical system. The most promising microorganisms for biosensor formation were the bacteria P. putida BS394(pBS216). Cells were immobilized in redox-active polymers based on bovine serum albumin modified by ferrocenecarboxaldehyde and based on a composite with a carbon nanotube to increase sensitivity. The rate constants of the interaction of the redox-active polymer and the composite based on it with the biomaterial were 193.8 and 502.8 dm3/(g·s) respectively. For the biosensor created using hydrogel bovine serum albumin-ferrocene-carbon nanotubes, the lower limit of the determined phenol concentrations was 1 × 10-3 mg/dm3, the sensitivity coefficient was (5.8 ± 0.2)â10-3 µA·dm3/mg, Michaelis constant KM = 230 mg/dm3, the maximum rate of the enzymatic reaction Rmax = 217 µA and the long-term stability of the bioanalyzer was 11 days. As a result of approbation, it was found that the urban water phenol content differed insignificantly, measured by creating a biosensor and using the standard photometric method.
RESUMO
The strain Pseudomonas putida BS3701 was isolated from soil contaminated with coke by-product waste (Moscow Region, Russian Federation). It is capable of degrading crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The P. putida BS3701 genome consists of a 6,337,358-bp circular chromosome and two circular plasmids (pBS1141 with 107,388 bp and pBS1142 with 54,501 bp).
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A thermotolerant bacterial strain 1D isolated from refinery oil-contaminated soil was identified as Gordonia sp. based on the analysis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences. The strain was found to utilize crude oil, diesel fuel, and a wide spectrum of alkanes at temperatures up to 50 °C. Strain 1D is the first representative of Gordonia amicalis capable of utilizing alkanes of chain length up to С36 at a temperature of 45-50 °C. The degree of crude oil degradation by Gordonia sp. 1D at 45 °C was 38% in liquid medium and 40% in soil (with regard to abiotic loss). There are no examples of so effective hydrocarbon-oxidizing thermotolerant Gordonia in the world literature. The 1D genome analysis revealed the presence of two alkane hydroxylase gene clusters, genes of dibenzothiophene cleavage, and the cleavage of salicylate and gentisate - naphthalene metabolism intermediates. The highly efficient thermotolerant strain Gordonia sp. 1D can be used in remediation of oil-contaminated soils in hot climates.