RESUMO
Background: Neurolotic sequelae after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) imaging can show real-time high intensity transient signals (HITS), which reflect active microembolization. Although it is well known that intraprocedural microembolism occurs, it is not known if this embolic phenomenon continues in the postprocedural period. We investigated whether microemboli occur post-TAVR and whether we could determine any clinical, procedural, or echocardiographic predictors. Methods: We evaluated HITS in 51 consecutive patients undergoing unprotected TAVR with low-, intermediate-, or high-risk Society of Thoracic Surgeons score. Patients were excluded if they did not have temporal windows for insonation of the middle cerebral artery or if they were not willing to participate. Primary outcomes of HITS 24 hours post-TAVR were observed using a Philips iU22 TCD. TCD was performed at 3 time points (pre-, peri-, and post-TAVR) for each patient, before, during, and 24 hours postprocedure. Results: While no HITS were detected in any of the patients preoperatively, all patients had HITS during the procedure. Interestingly, 56.8% had HITS 24 hours post-TAVR. One patient with HITS post-TAVR had a stroke 48 hours after TAVR. Conclusion: We observed a high prevalence of microemboli 24 hours post-TAVR. None of the predictors for intraprocedural microembolism seemed to play an important role for post-TAVR microemboli.
RESUMO
AIMS: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) are important tools for managing arrhythmias, improving hemodynamics, and preventing sudden cardiac death. Device-related infections (DRI) remain a significant complication of CIED and are associated with major adverse outcomes. We aimed to assess the trend in CIED implantations, and the burden and morbidity associated with DRI. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 2011-2018 National Inpatient Sample database was searched for admissions for CIED implantation and DRI. A total of 1 604 173 admissions for CIED implantations and 71 007 (4.4%) admissions for DRI were reported. There was no significant change in annual admission rates for DRI (3.96-4.59%, P value for trend = 0.98). Those with DRI were more likely to be male (69.3 vs. 57%, P < 0.001) and have a Charlson comorbidity index score ≥3 (46.6 vs. 36.8%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF) increased in those admitted with DRI over the observation period. Pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and post-procedural hematoma were the most common complications in those with DRI (4.1, 3.6, and 2.90%, respectively). Annual in-hospital mortality for those with DRI ranged from 3.9 to 5.8% (mean 4.4%, P value for trend = 0.07). Multivariate analysis identified CHF [odds ratio (OR) = 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.35-2.07], end-stage renal disease (OR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.46-2.48), coagulopathy (OR = 2.94; 95% CI = 2.40-3.61), and malnutrition (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.99-3.15) as the predictors of in-hospital mortality for patients admitted with DRI. CONCLUSION: Device-related infection is relatively common and continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of DRI has not changed significantly despite technical and technological advances in cardiac devices and their implantation.