[Bacteriostatic activity of blood in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during polychemotherapy]. / Bakteriostaticheskaia aktivnost' krovi bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh pri polikhimioterapii.

Polychemotherapy comprising 4-6 antituberculosis drugs and prescribed either only daily, daily or given on an intermittent basis (every other day) or only on an intermittent basis was given for 4-8 months to 102 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis (in those newly diagnosed, treated earlier and with a process recurrence). Four and, less frequently, three drugs were used per day. Bacteriostatic blood activity (BBA) was high in 90.2% of the patients, at the maximal concentrations, bacteriostasis was seen at 32-256-fold blood dilutions; in 76.4% of the patients BBA persisted at a high or moderate level during 24 hours (blood dilutions were within 1:256-1:8). The maximal and total BBA level was significantly higher in polychemotherapy than in a combination of 3 drugs. In polychemotherapy bacilli excretion was discontinued in 90% and caverns healed in 74.5% of the patients, while in the regimens comprising 3 drugs in the same contingent of patients, similar events occurred in 77% and 60% of the cases, respectively.

[Investigation of pathogens in the foci of pulmonary and osteo-articular tuberculosis]. / Issledovanie vozbuditelia v ochagakh porazheniia pri legochnom i kostno-sustavnom tuberkuleza]

The tubercle bacilli detection rate was determined by direct bacterioscopy and the culture plate method immediately in the disease foci in 123 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 78 patients with tuberculosis of bones and joints. The culture plate method was shown to have significant advantages over bacterioscopy. However, in some cases with negative responses to the culture plate test, bacterioscopy was the only procedure that detected the pathogen in resected lung tissues. Parallel use of 2 different media in the culture plate test provided higher frequency of the pathogen isolation. Cultures isolated from the lung foci were showed drug resistance in 1/4 of the cases. Cultures from the bone foci were in all the cases but one sensitive to all the drugs used. By their biological properties, all the isolates belonged to human tubercle bacilli. The necessity of microbiological investigation of pathogenes in tuberculosis foci is grounded.

[Experimental study of the antibiotic activity of cefuroxime]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie antibakterial'noi aktivnosti tsefuroksima.

The antimicrobial spectrum of cefuroxime, an antibiotic of the cephalosporin family was studied in vitro with respect to 11 species (16 strains) of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and in vivo on albino mice with experimental salmonellosis or pneumococcal infections. The bacteria were either test cultures or isolates from patients. The studies showed that cefuroxime had a wide antibacterial spectrum in vitro. It inhibited the growth of Staph. aureus, Str. pneumoniae, E. coli, Salm. typhimurium, Kl. pneumoniae, Bac. subtilis and had no effect on Ps. aeruginosa, Pr. vulgaris, M. tuberculosis and M. fortuitum. Cefuroxime had also a high bacteriostatic effect with respect to the experimental pneumococcal infection and a lower bacteriostatic effect with respect to the experimental salmonellosis infection.