[The connection of polymorphism I/D of the gene angiotensin-converting ferment and D442G gene of protein-carrier of cholesterol ethers with atherosclerosis risk factors in patients of elderly and senile age with coronary heart disease in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia)].

The authors analyse allocation of genotypes frequencies of polymorphism I/D of the gene of angiotensin-converting ferment (ASYA) and D442G gene of protein-transmitting agent of cholesterol ethers (CETP) in patients of elderly, senile age and long-livers with coronary heart disease taking into account their nationality, age and sex. With the age, the frequency reduction of occurrence of genotype ACE*I/*I has been observed and there is a tendency to increase of genotype frequency ACE*D/*D. Sexual distinctions in frequency of revealing of homozygous genotype ACE*D/*D have been revealed at the relative analysis of genotypes ACE*D/*D and ACE*D/*I. The carriers of genotype ACE*D/*D significantly more are males than females. In the general group (especially in the group of Yakuts), the carriers of genotype ACE*I/*I have demonstrated significantly more often the hypertrophy of myocardium of the left ventricle, which is accurately reflected with the help of ECG sign of Sokolov-Lion. While studying the polymorphism D442G of the gene CETP, the carriers of genotype CETP:D*/*G are significantly more often met among Yakuts, than non-indigenous population. The comparison of genotypes frequencies I/D-polymorphism of the gene ACE have showed reliable distinctions of BBI, indexes of blood lipids. The comparison of genotypes CETP*D/*D, CETP*D/*G has not yielded authentic connection with risk factors of coronary heart disease.

[Survival rate of the geriatric patients of native and non-native nationality with ischemic heart disease in Sakha Republic (Yakutia): analysis of 5-year catamnesis observation].

222 geriatric patients of native and non-native nationality with ischemic heart disease were supervised during 5 years. The analysis of survival rate (causes of death) has shown that 46.4% of patients (n = 103) died within this period of supervision. Results of the research show that the patients of senile age survived after myocardial infarction with Q wave and a high functional class of stable angina pectoris die authentically more often. Better survive rate demonstrate the patients with a smaller stage of heart failure; a tendency of more life expectancies at people who never smoked or have given up smoking has been also established. Besides these risk factors leading to the fatal complications, remodeling of left ventricle myocardium has the essential value. ECG -criteria often testified to presence in the patient the left ventricle hypertrophy: Sokolov-Layon and (especially often) Cornell-voltage Index. Speaking of accompanying diseases, cancer and brain catastrophe are the most frequent causes of death of the geriatric patients.

[Ethnic features of the risk factors of development the atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease at the geriatric contingent of Sakha Republic (Yakutia)].

The study assessed the ethnic, age, gender distinctions on risk factors between elderly, senile age and long-livers male and female of native and non-indigenous nationalities with ischemic heart disease. 354 patients aged from 60 till 106 years comparable on age and gender data were included in the research. There were 2 basic groups considering the ethnic accessory (native and non-indigenous citizens); 3 groups considering the age characteristics (elderly, senile age and long-livers); gender groups -male and female. As a result of study the ethnic, age, gender differences were revealed on the primary risk factors such as arterial hypertension, blood lipids, body mass index, smoking and left ventricular hypertrophy.

[The estimation of risk factors of the atherosclerosis in persons over 60 years of autochthonal and non-indigenous nationalities with the ischemic heart disease old living in the far north].

The study assessed the ethnic, age, gender distinctions on risk factors between elderly, senile age and long-livers male and female of autochthonal and non-indigenous nationalities with ischemic heart disease. 354 patients aged from 60 till 106 years comparable on age and gender data, had been included in research. There were 2 basic groups considering the ethnic implement (autochthonal and nonindigenous citizens); 3 groups considering the age characteristics (elderly, senile age and long-livers); gender groups - male and female. As a result of study the ethnic, age, gender differences were revealed on the primary risk factors such as arterial hypertension, blood lipids, body mass index, smoking and left ventricular hypertrophy.

[Features of the lipid profile of indigenous and non-indigenous population of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) of the senior age groups with coronary heart disease].

351 patients of the senior age groups (elderly, senile age and long-livers) of indigenous and nonindigenous population with coronary heart disease were investigated. Atherogenous and antiath-erogenous levels of blood lipids in representatives of non-indigenous population were authentically higher in comparison with indigenous one. Body weight index in long-livers is authentically more low 23.34 +/- 2.05 (p < 0.001), and levels of high density lipoproteins, as well as low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, triacylglycerol in relation to elderly and to persons of senile age are higher. Women demonstrated authentically higher body weight index--26.63 +/- 3.96 (p < 0.05), higher level of cholesterol--5.32 +/- 1.07 mmol/I (p < 0.001), low density lipoproteins--3.76 +/- 1.04 mmol/l (p < 0.001), high density lipoproteins--0.98 +/- 0.33 mmol/l (p < 0.05), and also very low density lipoproteins, triacylglycerol, atherogenic index are higher. Ethnic, gender, age distinctions, levels of blood lipids at patients with coronary heart disease of elderly and senile age, and also the long-livers living in various regions of Sakha Republic (Yakutia) are revealed.

[The comparative study of the safety of a vaccinal process in both oral and epicutaneous immunization against smallpox]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie bezopasnosti vaktsinal'nogo protsessa pri oral'noi i nakozhnoi protivoospennoi immunizatsii.

Results of comparative studies of tableted and epicutaneous live smallpox vaccines are presented. In experiments on rabbits by using histological, immunofluorescent, immunological and virological methods, higher safety and efficiency of the tableted vaccine than that of traditional smallpox epicutaneous vaccine were determined. The natural and physiological character of oral immunization was shown. The oral immunization was concluded to be a safe method of inoculation now and perspective for the use of recombinant vaccines based on vaccine virus in the absence of population immunity against smallpox.

[Comparative evaluation of neurovirulence of domestic and foreign live mumps vaccine]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka neirovirulentnosti otechestvennoi i zarubezhnykh zhivykh parotitnykh vaktsin.

Morphological and immunofluorescent study of changes in the central nervous system of monkeys with mumps was carried out in order to determine the criteria of neurovirulence of different mumps virus strains. Quantitative evaluation showed a lower residual neurovirulence of L-3 strain vs. Jeryl Lynn and Urabe Am9 strains. Use of new methodological approaches to evaluation of mumps vaccine strain neurovirulence will improve the safety control of live mumps vaccines.

[Safety of bacteria of the genus Bacillus, forming the base of some probiotics]. / Izuchenie bezopasnosti bakterii roda Bacillus, sostavliaiushchikh osnovu nekotorykh probiotikov.

The study of the safety of bacillary strains forming the base of new probiotics (biosporin and subalin) was made. For control, the safety of Bacillus sp. IP5832 (the base of the preparation of bactisubtil) was studied. The results obtained in this investigation demonstrated that the strains contained in biosporin and subalin were safe when injected intravenously and intraperitoneally into animals in dose of 5 x 10(9) cells per 0.5 ml of physiological saline. The introduction of Bacillus sp. IP5832 in the same dose produced 100% lethal effect.

[Superacute lethal liver necrosis in monkeys infected with highly pathogenic variants of enteroviruses (ECHO 11 and ECHO 19 viruses)]. / Sverkhostryi letal'nyi nekroz pecheni u obez'ian, infitsirovannykh vysokopatogennymi variantami énterovirusov (virusy ECHO 11 i ECHO 19).

The authors studied the phenomenon of superhigh virulence for monkeys of viruses ECHO 11 (E11) and ECHO 19 (E19) isolated in 1981-1991 in Russia and Tadzhikistan from children with acute enterovirus uveitis or severe enterovirus infection. In 21 morphologically examined animals after coma, macrofocal or total necrosis of hepatocytes in weak inflammation was seen as early as experiment day 1-6. Hepatic lesion interpreted as hepatosis underlies acute hepatic failure with lethal outcome. The most intensive reproduction of viruses E11 and E19 occurred in the liver. Changes in the kidneys, lungs, spleen, adrenals, CNS detected in many animals aggravated the disease, but were not the primary cause of death. The disease in monkey was similar by the main criteria to superacute lethal diseases (acute hepatic failure against massive hepatic necrosis, hemorrhagic syndrome) registered in outbreaks of E11 and E19-virus infection in children in the USA, Great Britain, Israel, Russia and Ukraine. Monkeys can be used as man-adequate model for study of enterovirus superacute lethal necrosis of the liver.

[A morphological and immunofluorescent study of the measles vaccinal process in an experiment on monkeys]. / Morfologicheskoe i immunofliuorestsentnoe issledovanie korevogo vaktsinal'nogo protsessa v éksperimente na obez'ianakh.

A correlation between localization of morphological lesions and the presence of viral antigen in the CNS was established. Dissemination of the infectious process in the CNS depended on both topography of the inoculated areas and more so on traumatic injury of the ventricular system. Viral antigen could be detected in the reticuloendothelial system and epithelial cells of the respiratory tract without inducing specific cytopathic changes. Simultaneous morphological and immunofluorescent examination allowed the safety of live measles vaccine to be established more accurately.

[An ecologic hygiene assessment of the microbiological processes in soil contaminated with sulfonol and lead]. / Ekologo-gigienicheskaia otsenka mikrobiologicheskikh protsessov v pochve pri zagriaznenii sul'fonolom i svintsom.

Alteration of the microbial coenosis and biological activity of different types of soils as well as peculiarities of survival of sanitary-significant and pathogenic microorganisms under the effect of sulphonol and a sulphonol-lead complex have been studied in the laboratory model experiment. The most sensitive tests were as follows: the number of nitrifying bacteria; nitrifying, proteolytic, dehydrogenase and cellulase activity; survival of salmonella and lactose-positive colibacilli. Under the effect of the tested sulphonol (0.5 and 3 mg/l) and lead (0.1 and 2 mg/l) concentrations the self-purification processes in soil were not substantially disturbed, though surfactants negatively affected viability of enterobacteria.

[The safety of a new chemical typhoid preparation containing a complex of Vi and K antigens in tests of its acute and chronic toxicity]. / Bezvrednost' novogo khimicheskogo briushnotifoznogo preparata, soderzhashchego kompleks Vi- i K-antigenov, v testakh ostroi i khronicheskoi toksichnosti.

Acute and chronic toxicity of a new chemical typhoid preparation containing the complex of surface Vi- and K-antigens has been studied. The study has revealed that the preparation, when introduced subcutaneously and intravenously in immunizing doses in a single injection or in multiple injections, produces no toxic effect on the organs and tissues of experimental animals. In experiments of chronic toxicity the microscopic study has shown pronounced hyperplasia of the lymphoid system with enhanced macrophage reaction in the spleen, thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches in the small intestine.

[The localization and distribution of the antigen of the fixed rabies virus in the central nervous system of animals studied by the fluorescent antibody method]. / Izuchenie lokalizatsii i raspredeleniia antigena fiksirovannogo virusa beshenstva v tsentral'noi nervnoi sisteme zhivotnykh s pomoshch'iu metoda fliuorestsiruiushchikh antitel.

The immunofluorescent study of cryostatic sections of the main structures of the brain of animals infected with fixed rabies virus, strain CVS, was carried out by the direct modification of the fluorescent antibody method. Definite regularities in the distribution of rabies virus antigen after the intracerebral distribution of rabies virus were established. The antigen could be detected mainly in neurons of the cortex, the hippocampus major, subcortical formations and was absent in the truncal formations of the brain and the cerebellum. After the peripheral inoculation of the virus the maximum accumulation of the antigen was noted in the truncal and cerebellar structures, less antigen could be detected in subcortical and other formations of the brain. These features should be taken into account in the laboratory rapid diagnosis of rabies. The advantages of the method of cryostatic tissue sections over traditional imprints on glass slides give ground to recommend the method of cryostatic sections for the rapid diagnosis of rabies.

[The CNS lesion in monkeys spinally infected with the vaccinal poliomyelitis virus]. / Porazhenie TsNS obez'ian pri spinal'nom zarazhenii vaktsinnym virusom poliomielita.

Specific features of the CNS lesions in monkeys inoculated with a vaccine poliovirus strain were studied in comparison with those developing after inoculation with virulent strains. The lesions in the lumbar cord and other regions of the brain and spinal cord after intraspinal inoculation of the vaccine virus are described at length. Certain signs reflecting the specific nature of the lesions were observed. The results of histopathological and immunofluorescent studies were shown to be important for differentiation of specific and nonspecific lesions.

[Current approach to hygienic evaluation of protective and damaging reactions of the immune system after exposure to environmental factors]. / Sovremennye podkhody k gigienicheskoi otsenke zashchitnykh i povrezhdaiushchikh reaktsii immunnoi sistemy organizma pri vozdeistvii faktorov okruzhaiushchei sredy.

When studying the immune status of the organism the use of additional exposures allow to clear up the defective character of physiological functions even when overt changes are absent. Altitude chamber hypoxia++, reproduction of allergic reactions of the slow and non-slow types, pathogenic Escherichia infection followed by assessment of virulence factors were used as such a stress under exposure to chemicals, electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies. A model was developed for the determination of safe levels of exposure to environmental factors, which makes it possible to differentiate the damaging and defence action of antibodies on the basis of their influence on the fetus and offspring. The effects of antibodies characterized by the postimplantation mortality of fetuses may be used as a criterion of significance for the organism of shifts in immunological reactivity.

[The toxic and immunomodulating properties of the somatic O-antigen polysaccharide of typhoid bacteria]. / Toksicheskie i immunomoduliruiushchie svoistva polisakharida O-somaticheskogo antigena bakterii briushnogo tifa.

In experiments on random bred mice and mice of various strains it was shown that when administered parenterally typhoid bacteria O-somatic antigen polysaccharide possesses the immunomodulatory properties. It stimulates the non-specific resistance of the organism to bacterial infection, produces the polyclonal activation of beta-lymphocytes, possesses the adjuvant properties, activates cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. At administration in therapeutic doses the drug is not toxic, possesses no carcinogenic, mutagenic and allergenic properties.

[The use of stains for the detection of the pathogenetic factors of Escherichia and Salmonella]. / Ispol'zovanie krasok dlia vyiavleniia faktorov patogennosti ésherikhii i sal'monell.

The authors have modified the technique for using three stains to detect enterobacterial pathogenicity factors. The methods have been tried with 306 Escherichia and Salmonella strains. The most accurate results were obtained when azure eosin was layered onto culture growth surface and when Congo red was added into solid medium. Crystal violet layering yielded less specific results. The techniques listed above helped detect pathogenicity factors of up to 25-30 percent of Escherichia and up to 17 percent of Salmonella strains. The methods are recommended to be used in complex with other tests in practical studies.