[Results of DOTS use in Russia]. / Itogi primeneniia DOTS v Rossii.

At present, the DOT programme has been introduced in Russia, which is supported by the following foreign organizations: MERLIN (British non-governmental agency; WHO, Finnish Association of Pulmonary Diseases; Norwegian Association of Patients with Tuberculosis; New York Institute of Health, "Physicians Without Borders" (Belgium). The main point of the programme is to identify bacillary patients with tuberculosis in the clinical diagnostic laboratories among those who see doctors for complaints of suspected tuberculosis. While implementing the programme, the work of a general health care laboratory could be activated in identifying patients with tuberculosis.

[Cost benefit of detection and treatment patients with tuberculosis in Ivanovo region, Russian Federation]. / Stoimost' vyiavleniia i lecheniia bol'nykh tuberkulezom v Ivanovskoi oblasti Rossiiskoi Federatsii.

To execute the tuberculosis control programme in the Ivanovo Region, the authors calculated the cost of detection of a tuberculosis case at patients' referrals to a therapeutical-and-prophylactic institution for medical aid and during prophylactic X-ray fluographic examinations and the cost of tuberculosis cure while treating the patient at a hospital in the intensive treatment phase (2-3 months) and in the outpatient setting or at a day hospital by the intermittent method in the continued treatment phase. The costs calculated were compared with those obtained by early approaches. The cost of detection of a tuberculosis case was 1580.8 for referrals in 1996 and 4000 for X-ray fluographic prophylactic examinations. The costs of hospital tuberculosis cure (85% cure rates) only in the intensive treatment phase (for 2-3 months) and outpatient intermittent treatment (for 2-4 months) with and without meals were 2415.34 and 2142.17 respectively. If the efficiency is equal, the introduction of new approaches to organizing the detection and treatment tuberculosis cases may save 3877.7 for each cured tuberculosis case and 2419.2 for each patient detected.

[Sociomedical aspects of detection and treatment of patients with tuberculosis under present conditions]. / Mediko-sotsial'nye aspekty vyiavleniia i lecheniia bol'nykh tuberkulezom v sovremennykh usloviiakh.

By analyzing the present-day tuberculosis epidemiological situation in the country and sociomedical characteristics of new cases, the authors present methods for detecting and treating patients, which are of paramount importance for today. Of the most significance is the need to promptly identify patients with strains on their referral to the general somatic hospitals for complaints by using 3-multiple sputum bacterioscopy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the Ziehl-Neelsen method. The vital problem is also to change chemotherapeutical regimens as more severe progressive types of the disease require more active treatment in the first months after detection especially in the cohort of socially disadapted persons.

[Trends in tuberculosis epidemiology in the Ivanovo Region and its stabilizing measures]. / Tendentsii v epidemiologii tuberkuleza v Ivanovskoi oblasti i mery po ee stabilizatsii.

In 1993-1995, tuberculosis morbidity increased from 37.8 per 100,000 inhabitants to 55.7. The increase was due chiefly due to incidence rates among urban dwellers. In the same period, tuberculosis mortality rose from 10.2 to 55.7 per 100,000. Tuberculosis control strategy has been revised under the conditions of the increasing spread of tuberculosis infections and the Central Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences jointly with the WHO Global Programme Department has developed the programme "Detection of Patients Isolating Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the ??Tsil-Nilsen method and Their Short-Term Chemotherapy". Analyzing the preliminary data available during 2 quarters (Quarter IV, 1995, and Quarter I, 1996) indicated its adequate efficiency.

[Use of data bank on tuberculosis patients and of computer program for clinical and immunological analysis]. / Ispol'zovanie banka dannykh o bol'nykh tuberkulezom i komp'iuternoí programmy dlia kliniko-immunologicheskogo analiza.

Three hundred and twenty patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were clinically and immunologically compared. The findings support the significance and prospects for using a personal computer while making clinical and laboratory comparisons in different groups of patients for a prompt and objective analysis of available data. Comparative evaluation of the informative value of immunologic tests have indicated that in relation to the major clinical parameters of a tuberculous process, differences are great in those characterizing both T- and B-cell, and specific antimycobacterial immunity. The clinical and immunological findings regarding the specific features of a tuberculosis process may serve as the basis for multidimensional analysis and development of criteria for computer-aided clinical and immunological diagnosis of tuberculosis.

[Biological properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in relation to sensitivity to antibacterial preparations]. / Biologicheskie svoistva mikobakterii tuberkuleza v zavisimosti ot chuvstvitel'nosti k antibakterial'nym preparatam.

Biological properties of M. tuberculosis were investigated in 265 patients with tuberculosis of respiratory organs. Slow but more massive growth in culture medium is characteristic for drug-resistant M.tuberculosis. 32 patients discharging drug-resistant M.tuberculosis had unstable drug resistance to isoniazid, kanamycin, ethambutol and streptomycin. It is suggested that drug-resistant M.tuberculosis by virulence are similar to sensitive varieties.

[The use of computer technology in a tuberculosis control institution]. / Ispol'zovanie komp'iuternoi tekhnologii v protivotuberkuleznom uchrezhdenii.

Program complexes that are being developed at the laboratory of the Research Institute of Tuberculosis (USSR Ministry of Public Health) are directed to the employment of the IBM-compatible personal computers of a diverse configuration in antituberculosis institutions of a various level. In this respect the routine work of a doctor of an out- and in-patient department supplied by the appropriate modules can be replaced by work on computers which will enable the attending doctor to fill in medical records according to the scheme of the out- and in-patient departments. A program complex was also developed for the employment of computer technology in control over the antituberculosis service. These systems operate in a dialogue regimen. All the data can be put on a display and (or) printers in the form of texts, tables, diagrams and curves.

[Method of intestinal decompression in treating functional intestinal obstruction]. / Metod dekompressii kishechnika v lechenii funktsional'noi kishechnoi neprokhodimosti.

The authors present an analysis of 149 cases of total decompression of the gastrointestinal tract in grave forms of functional intestinal obstruction accompanying peritonitis and acute intestinal obstruction. Special intestinal sounds made of polychlorovinyl were employed, that facilitates considerably the technic of intubation of the bowel as a whole. The authors data evidence that each method of intubation (transnasal, through gastro-or ileostome, etc) has its positive and negative aspects, therefore a selection of the site for introducing the sound should be conditioned by patient's age, the type of pathology and duration of the intubation procedure.