Into the void: ECM fungal communities involved in the succession from rockroses to oak stands.

Oak forests accompanied by Cistus species are a common landscape in the Mediterranean basin. It is argued that Cistus dominated fields serve as recruitment areas for Quercus seedlings, as they help in the transmission of the fungal community through vegetative succession in these ecosystems. To test these assumptions, we analyzed the fungal community in terms of its richness and composition, taking into account the effects of host (Oaks vs. Cistus) and forest structure, mainly based on age. Edaphic variables related to the different structures were also analyzed to examine how they evolve through succession and relate to shifts in the fungal community. No differences in fungal richness were observed between old Cistus stands and younger Quercus, while a brief increase in ECM richness was observed. Community composition also showed a greater overlap between old Cistus and young Quercus stands. We suggest that the most important step in fungal transfer from one host to another is the shift from the oldest Cistus fields to the youngest Quercus stands, with the genera Amanita, Cortinarius, Lactarius, Inocybe, Russula, and Tomentella probably playing a major role. In summary, our work has also revealed the network of fungal community structure in the succession of Cistus to Oak stands, it would suggest that the fungi share niches and significantly enhance the ecological setting of the transition from Cistus to Oak stands.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Perceptions of Empowerment in Midwifery Scale in the Spanish Context (PEMS-e).

Midwifery empowerment is an important topic. The most widely used instrument to measure the perceived empowerment of midwives is the Perceptions of Empowerment in Midwifery Scale (PEMS), which has not been validated in Spain. The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the PEMS to the Spanish context. This research was carried out in two phases; Phase 1: Methodological study; translation, backtranslation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PEMS and pilot study on the target population (10 midwives) for evaluation of face validity. Phase 2: Cross-sectional observational study to obtain a sample for construct validation by Exploratory Factor Analysis and measurement of PEMS-e reliability. Additionally, an inferential analysis was carried out to study the possible association between several collected variables and PEMS-e subscale-scores. A total of 410 midwives from 18 Spanish regions participated in the study through an online questionnaire. An initial Spanish version of the PEMS scale was produced, demonstrating adequate face validity. A final model was produced for the PEMS-e, which included 17 items classified into two subscales ("Organizational support" and "Own skills and teamwork") with fit indexes RMSEA = 0.062 (95%CI: 0.048-0.065) and AGFI = 0.985 (95%CI: 0.983-0.989) and Cronbach's alpha 0.922 for the total scale. Results showed that one in four midwives had considered abandoning the profession in the last 6 months (p ≤ 0.001). This research suggests that Spanish midwives perceive their empowerment level as low. The PEMS-e is a valid tool with solid psychometric properties that can be used in future research to identify factors that contribute to increased empowerment among Spanish midwives and inform strategies to improve job satisfaction and retention in the profession.

Co-responses of bacterial and fungal communities to fire management treatments in Mediterranean pyrophytic ecosystems.

Cistus scrublands are pyrophytic ecosystems and occur widely across Mediterranean regions. Management of these scrublands is critical to prevent major disturbances, such as recurring wildfires. This is because management appears to compromise the synergies necessary for forest health and the provision of ecosystem services. Furthermore, it supports high microbial diversity, opening questions of how forest management practices impact belowground associated diversity as research related to this issue is scarce. This study aims to investigate the effects of different fire prevention treatments and site history on bacterial and fungi co-response and co-occurrence patterns over a fire-risky scrubland ecosystem. Two different site histories were studied by applying three different fire prevention treatments and samples were analyzed by amplification and sequencing of ITS2 and 16S rDNA for fungi and bacteria, respectively. The data revealed that site history, especially regarding fire occurrence, strongly influenced the microbial community. Young burnt areas tended to have a more homogeneous and lower microbial diversity, suggesting environmental filtering to a heat-resistant community. In comparison, young clearing history also showed a significant impact on the fungal community but not on the bacteria. Some bacteria genera were efficient predictors of fungal diversity and richness. For instance, Ktedonobacter and Desertibacter were a predictor of the presence of the edible mycorrhizal bolete Boletus edulis. These results demonstrate fungal and bacterial community co-response to fire prevention treatments and provide new tools for forecasting forest management impacts on microbial communities.

Acute Disseminated Toxoplasmosis in Two Specimens of Macropus rufogriseus Caused by a Genotype so far Exclusive to South America.

Macropods are included among the species considered highly susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii infection. Clinically, it is difficult to distinguish between acute toxoplasmosis due to primary infection and reactivation of chronic latent infection in susceptible species until pathologic studies are performed. Here, we described the clinical cases and lesions found in two deceased Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) with a presumptive diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, as well as the genetic characterization of the T. gondii isolates obtained from these specimens. Both animals presented acute infection lesions in the lungs, liver, spleen and lymph nodes associated to T. gondii infection. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry also demonstrated tissue cysts of different sizes, indicating that the wallabies were previously infected with this parasite. Two isolates were obtained, one from each specimen and the molecular characterization was done; both isolates were the ToxoDB #116 genotype. This is the first study that reports the isolation of this particular genotype outside South America, and given the histopathological findings, it could be considered virulent for this species. The dynamics of infection that T. gondii is causing in definitive and intermediate hosts in a region allows us to know the risks to which the animals and humans that live in the area are exposed, and in the future to implement a preventive medicine plan against this parasite.

Toxoplasma gondii infection in European mouflons (Ovis musimon) and captive wild felines from Puebla, México.

The presence of Toxoplasma gondii in zoos is cause of alert because many susceptible species kept in captivity die of clinical toxoplasmosis. Moreover, excretion of T. gondii oocysts by infected captive wild felines into the facilities could pose a risk to workers. Herbivores in wild collections can serve as sentinels of local transmission, since they get infected by the consumption of oocysts present in ground or water. Both herbivores and felids may reveal the parasite variants which are circulating in the region. We determined the seroprevalence of T. gondii in European mouflons (n = 55) and wild felines (n = 15) from a private zoological collection located in the Eastern region of México, as well as the incidence in 41 of the mouflons using ELISA. The prevalence of T. gondii in mouflons was 14.5% (n = 55) and 17.1% (n = 41) in 2011 and 19.5% in 2012. The estimated incidence was 9.8%-12.2%. In wild felines the frequency was 80%. Four sero-positive animals (two mouflons and the two oldest African lions) were euthanized. Histopathology, conventional PCR (for B1 and SeqRep529 loci) and molecular characterization were carried out. All euthanized animals were positive to T. gondii by PCR. We identified a triple infection (I + II + III) in the brain of a mouflon. In conclusion, a high infective pressure of T. gondii in the collection was found, supported by changes in its prevalence in European mouflons. A high prevalence of infection in wild felines was determined. At least four genotypes of T. gondii are present in herbivores and carnivores, and one mouflon had a mixed infection.

Síndrome PAGOD y anomalías vasculares: ¿es un defecto de la angiogénesis embrionaria? Un nuevo caso y revisión / PAGOD syndrome and vascular anomalies: is a defect embryonic angiogenesis? A case report and review

El Síndrome PAGOD es un acrónimo de hipoplasia de pulmón y arterias pulmonares, agonadismo, onfalocele / defecto diafragmático y dextrocardia. Se describe una serie de 21 pacientes, en la cual, 90,5 % presentó un cariotipo 46,XY y solo dos casos 46,XX; el 66,6 % exhibió un fenotipo femenino y 28,6 % genitales ambiguos. La ocurrencia de dos paciente 46,XX excluye al cromosoma Y como portador del defecto genético y plantea la posibilidad de una herencia recesiva ligada al cromosoma X, sin descartar que los casos observados en hermanos puedan deberse a mutaciones en otros genes como STRA6, VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, transcritos de empalmes alternativos de VEGFA, HIF1, HIF2, entre otros. Las malformaciones congénitas observadas en los pacientes fueron: genitales y gónadas 85,7 %, diafragma y pared 66,6 %, cardíaco 80,9 %, pulmonar 71,4 %, vascular 80,9 % y abdomen 42,8 %. La revisión de los pacientes ha demostrado un alto grado de variabilidad en la expresividad de malformaciones de órganos, aparatos o sistemas. Las malformaciones vasculares representan un componente importante y característico del síndrome PAGOD y cuya base morfogenética del síndrome pueda deberse a un defecto de la angiogénesis embrionaria temprana con repercusión en la organogénesis de aparatos y sistemas. Dentro de los genes relacionados con el remodelamiento vascular durante la embriogénesis, regeneración tisular y carcinogénesis está el Factor de Crecimiento del Endotelio Vascular D (VEGFD), localizado en Xp22.31, con expresión en pulmón, corazón, intestino delgado, pulmón fetal, útero, mamas, tejido neural y neuroblastoma, el cual representa un fuerte candidato para su análisis molecular como una de las posibles causa del síndrome.

PAGOD Syndrome is an acronym for lung and pulmonary arteries hypoplasia, agonadism, omphalocele / diaphragmatic defect and dextrocardia. A series of 21 patients is described, where 90.5% had a 46,XY karyotype and only two cases 46,XX; 66.6% exhibited a female phenotype and 28.6% ambiguous genitalia. The occurrence of two patients 46,XX excludes the Y chromosome as a carrier of the genetic defect and raises the possibility of a recessive X-linked inheritance, without ruling out that the observed cases in siblings may be due to mutations in other genes as Stra6, VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, and alternative splicing of transcripts VEGFA, HIF1, HIF2, among others. Congenital malformations were observed in patients’ genitals and gonads 85.7%, 66.6% in diaphragm and abdominal wall , heart 80.9%, 71.4% lungs, blood vessels 80.9% and 42.8% in abdomen. The review of patients has demonstrated a high degree of variability in the expression of malformations of organs and organ systems. Vascular malformations represent an important and characteristic component of PAGOD syndrome and whose base morphogenetic syndrome may be due to a defect in early embryonic angiogenesis with impact on organogenesis and system development. Among genes related to vascular remodeling during embryogenesis, tissue regeneration and carcinogenesis, the Endothelial Growth Factor D Vascular (VEGFD), located in the Xp22.31 region, with expression in lung, heart, small intestine, uterus, breast, neuroblastoma and neural tissue, represents a strong candidate for molecular analysis as a cause of the syndrome.

PAGOD syndrome and vascular anomalies: is a defect embryonic angiogenesis? A case report and review.

PAGOD Syndrome is an acronym for lung and pulmonary arteries hypoplasia, agonadism, omphalocele / diaphragmatic defect and dextrocardia. A series of 21 patients is described, where 90.5% had a 46,XY karyotype and only two cases 46,XX; 66.6% exhibited a female phenotype and 28.6% ambiguous genitalia. The occurrence of two patients 46,XX excludes the Y chromosome as a carrier of the genetic defect and raises the possibility of a recessive X-linked inheritance, without ruling out that the observed cases in siblings may be due to mutations in other genes as Stra6, VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, and alternative splicing of transcripts VEGFA, HIF1, HIF2, among others. Congenital malformations were observed in patients' genitals and gonads 85.7%, 66.6% in diaphragm and abdominal wall , heart 80.9%, 71.4% lungs, blood vessels 80.9% and 42.8% in abdomen. The review of patients has demonstrated a high degree of variability in the expression of malformations of organs and organ systems. Vascular malformations represent an important and characteristic component of PAGOD syndrome and whose base morphogenetic syndrome may be due to a defect in early embryonic angiogenesis with impact on organogenesis and system development. Among genes related to vascular remodeling during embryogenesis, tissue regeneration and carcinogenesis, the Endothelial Growth Factor D Vascular (VEGFD), located in the Xp22.31 region, with expression in lung, heart, small intestine, uterus, breast, neuroblastoma and neural tissue, represents a strong candidate for molecular analysis as a cause of the syndrome.

Complicaciones feto-neonatales del embarazo múltiple. Análisis embriológico

Objetivo: Analizar las características epidemiológicas y complicaciones feto/neonatales del embarazo múltiple en el Hospital Militar de Maracaibo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en pacientes ingresadas con embarazo múltiple desde el 01 de enero de 1998 al 30 de mayo de 2013. Se registró edad materna, presentación, tipo de parto, motivo de interrupción del embarazo, corionicidad, complicaciones feto/neonatales, peso y anomalías congénitas. Resultados: De 2 469 embarazadas ingresadas para parto, 31 (1,26 %) fueron múltiples o 1/80 nacimientos. Edad materna promedio 28 años, presentación fetal más frecuente cefálica-podálica en 12 (38,7 %) y se realizó cesárea en 27 (87,1 %) pacientes. La indicación de interrupción del embarazo más frecuente fue la electiva en 12 (38,7 %) y prematuridad en 11 (35,5 %). Se obtuvieron 62 productos y la mortalidad fue 17,7%, con 11 muertes fetales y/o perinatales, de estas 8 (72,7 %) fueron por causa de la monocorionicidad (P < 0,05) y sus consecuencias, en 5 (45,46 %) fetos fue por síndrome de transfusión intergemelar. Se diagnosticó restricción del crecimiento intrauterino en 13 (20,9 %) y en 26 (42 %) crecimiento fetal discordante moderado o severo. En 8 (8,1 %) neonatos se observaron anomalías congénitas predominantemente osteomusculares Conclusión: El embarazo múltiple tiene una elevada morbimortalidad fetal y neonatal dependiente principalmente de las complicaciones derivadas de la corionicidad, amniocidad, prematuridad y de la posibilidad de anomalías congénitas. Realizar el diagnóstico temprano de la corionicidad permite planificar medidas de vigilancia prenatal y garantizar la mejor calidad de vida materno feto/neonatal.

Objective: To analyze epidemiological characteristics and fetal/neonatal complications of twin pregnancy at the Military Hospital of Maracaibo. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study of patients admitted with twin pregnancies, from January 1st, 1998 to May 30th, 2013. Maternal age, fetal presentations, mode of delivery, reason for interruption of the pregnancy, chorionicity, fetal/neonatal complications, weight and congenital anomalies were registered. Results: There were 31 (1.26 %) twin deliveries (or 1/80) in 2 469 pregnant woman admitted for delivery. Average maternal age was 28. The most common fetal presentation was vertex-breech in 12 (38.7 %) and in 27 (87.1 %) patients cesarean section was performed. The most common indication of pregnancy interruption were the elective delivery in 12 (38.7 %) and prematurity in 11 (35.5 %). 62 fetuses were obtained and mortality was 17.7 % with 11 stillbirth and/or perinatal death, in 8 (72.7 %) were due to monochorionicity (P< 0.05) and its consequences, of these 5 (45.46 %) were for twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Intrauterine growth restriction in 13 babies (20,9 %) and mild or severe discordant fetal growth in 26 (42 %). Congenital anomalies were observed in 8 fetuses (8.1 %) with a musculoskeletal predominance. Conclusion: Multiple pregnancy has high fetal/neonatal morbimortality which is principally dependent of the complications derived from the chorionicity, amnionicity, prematurity and the possibility of congenital anomalies. An early diagnose of the chorionicity allows the planning of antenatal care and guaranteeing the improvement of the mother and fetal/neonatal life and health.

As percepções das mulheres portadoras de HIV/AIDS perante a impossibilidade de amamentação / Percepciones mujeres portadoras de VIH / SIDA ante la imposibilidad de lactancia materna / Perceptions of the bearers of HIV/AIDS before the inability to breastfeeding

Objective: To understand the perceptions of living with HIV / AIDS face impossibility of breastfeeding. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory qualitative study conducted in a Day Hospital, reference the state of Santa Catarina in 2012. The sampling technique used was the semi-structured interview as open Minayo1. Results: The study subjects showed predominant age group was between 27-38 years. The experience of not breastfeeding was for women experience painful and emotionally draining, and created a way to satisfy the idealized symbolic breastfeeding by them during the act of breastfeeding, replacing the physiological significance of breastfeeding. Conclusion: Thus, the nurse needs beyond compliance with protocols regarding the inhibition of lactation, understand and encourage breastfeeding symbolic, created by women, in addition to the biological, the emotional, social and cultural conditions that surround the woman.

Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções das portadoras de HIV/AIDS perante impossibilidade de amamentação. Método: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo descritivo e exploratório realizado em um Hospital Dia, de referência no estado de Santa Catarina, em 2012. A técnica de coleta utilizada foi à entrevista semi-estruturada aberta conforme Minayo1. Resultados: Os sujeitos de pesquisa apresentaram faixa etária predominante foi entre 27 a 38 anos. A experiência de não amamentar, foi para as mulheres uma experiência penosa e emocionalmente desgastante, e criaram um modo de satisfazer a amamentação simbólica idealiza da por elas durante o ato de amamentar, substituindo o significado da amamentação fisiológica. Conclusão: Deste modo, a enfermagem precisa além do cumprimento de protocolos a respeito da inibição da lactação, compreender e estimular a amamentação simbólica, criada pelas mulheres, além dos aspectos biológicos, os emocionais, sociais e culturais que circundam a mulher.

Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones de los que viven con el VIH/SIDA imposibilidad frente a la lactancia materna. Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio realizado en un Hospital de Día, referencia al estado de Santa Catarina en 2012. La técnica de muestreo utilizada fue la entrevista semi-estructurada como abierto Minayo1. Resultados: Los sujetos del estudio mostraron grupo de edad predominante fue entre 27 a 38 años. La experiencia de la lactancia materna no fuera por las mujeres experimentan dolor y emocionalmente agotador, y creó una forma de satisfacer la lactancia simbólica idealizada por ellos, en sustitución de la importancia fisiológica de la lactancia materna. Conclusión: La enfermera necesita más allá de cumplimiento de los protocolos con respecto a la inhibición de la lactancia, entender y fomentar la lactancia materna simbólica, creado por las mujeres, además de los, las condiciones emocionales, sociales y culturales biológicos que rodean la mujer.

Manifestaciones oculares del síndrome de Marfán / Ocular manifestations of Marfan syndrome

El síndrome de Marfán (SM) es una patología que afecta múltiples órganos y cuando no se maneja de manera adecuada es muy discapacitante con alto costo social para los sistemas de salud. Dentro de los órganos afectados se encuentra el visual, con manifestaciones que no exhiben un patrón de tipicidad debido a la falta de estudios que incluyan el examen oftalmológico completo como parte integral de la valoración y el tratamiento. La presencia de alteraciones oftalmológicas y la identificación de ciertas características al examen físico pueden anteceder las manifestaciones de los otros sistemas que comprenden el complejo diagnóstico de este síndrome, lo que da lugar a un abordaje precoz con manejo temprano y eficaz de alteraciones visuales. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los hallazgos oftalmológicos de los pacientes con SM y describir las alteraciones más comunes en esta población.

Riesgo suicida y adolescentes / Suicidal risk and adolescents

Se realizó una investigación observacional descriptiva para conocer como definen un grupo de adolescentes el intento suicida y si existe en ellos riesgo suicida. a lograr nuestros objetivos se encuestaron (anexo1) y entrevistaron el total(107) de alumnos de 9nog de la escuela Alfredo Álvarez Mola del Municipio de Morón, previo consentimiento informado(anexo2).Los resultados muestran que 70 de los adolescentes encuestados definen el intento suicida como” tomar tabletas “( 62,45 porciento ) , el 70,09 porciento cita como primera causa de intento suicida” tener una situación difícil”; de ellos, el 48,59 porciento se ha relacionado con una persona que realizó un intento suicida(familiar o amigo). El 8,41 porciento de los adolescentes ha tenido ideación suicida en algún momento de su vida con predominio del sexo femenino ( 7 hembras y 2 varones ).De las hembras con ideas suicida llegaron a intentarlo 5 , sin embargo ninguna recibió atención especializada Concluimos que existe riesgo suicida en el 8.41porciento de los adolescentes estudiados, lo que conlleva a un programa de intervención. (AU)

Human disorganization complex, as a polytopic blastogenesis defect: a new case.

We describe a baby girl of 4,000 g and 55 cm with supernumerary, malformed, and partially duplicated lower limbs, malformed and partially duplicated pelvis, spina bifida, coccygeal dermal sinus, ectopic anus located in the right buttock, duplicated internal genitalia, rectovaginal fistula, ileal atresia, Meckel diverticulum, and various renal system anomalies. We think that this phenotype is a new case of disorganization in humans (DsH) and postulate that this condition constitutes a polytopic defect of the blastogenesis. In this case, the presence of a malformation pattern involving structures in different parts of the body and organs derived from all of the germ layers, suggests that the pathogenetic event most probably occurred during blastogenesis affecting various progenitors fields.

El tiempo libre y el alcohol en adolescentes de una escuela del municipio Morón

Se realizó una investigación observacional descriptiva con vistas a conocer del politécnico de Economía y Servicios Gastronómicos "Felix Varela" de Morón. Se encuestó en un 100 por ciento de los adoescentes matriculados, cuya edad promedio es de 16 años. Se obtuvo como resultado de dicha investigación que el alcohol está presente entre las tres primeras opciones de todas las actividades medidas. Además se le aplica al final de la encuesta el cuestionario CAGE resultando positivo en el 8,76 por ciento de las muestras (AU)