Aging and Family Relationships among Aymara, Mapuche and Non-Indigenous People: Exploring How Social Support, Family Functioning, and Self-Perceived Health Are Related to Quality of Life.

Family relationships play a central role in wellbeing among older adults in Chile. Based on the theory of social production functions, this study examined the relationship between perceived social support from children, partners and relatives, family functioning, self-perceived health and quality of life (QoL) among Chilean older adults. The study used a multi-ethnic sample of Chilean older adults living in rural areas in the regions of Arica and Parinacota (north) and Araucanía (south). A model was analyzed that emphasizes relationships differentiated by the source of support, family functioning and self-perceived health in the explanation of QoL. The results obtained from the structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis showed the existence of indirect relationships of social support from children, partners and other family members via family functioning, while self-perceived health was directly associated with QoL. The findings indicate that family functioning is a main variable in the contrasted model, in addition to confirming the importance of distinguishing the role of the various sources of support. Research is needed to examine in detail intergenerational relationships and other relationships with family members who are significant in the wellbeing of older adults. This research corroborates that family relationships have a specificity that needs to be addressed in gerontological social intervention, as well as continuing along the lines of strengthening or improving existing family ties (more quality) over the quantity of social relationships.

Manejo de la Cetoacidosis Diabética en un hospital universitario de Montevideo en el período Junio - Setiembre de 2015

Resumen: Introducción: La cetoacidosis diabética es una complicación aguda frecuente y seria de la diabetes mellitus, suponiendo 5% de su mortalidad. Existe evidencia internacional que la adherencia a las guías de tratamiento de la cetoacidosis diabética, disminuye su morbimortalidad y que no existe un cumplimiento riguroso de dichas guías. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la adecuación a las pautas de tratamiento de la cetoacidosis diabética de la American Diabetes Association, en la puerta de emergencia. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo del tratamiento realizado en la emergencia de un Hospital universitario de Montevideo a los pacientes con diagnóstico de cetoacidosis diabética, entre junio y setiembre de 2015. Se comparó la terapéutica aplicada con el protocolo de manejo propuesto por la American Diabetes Association en 2009. Resultados: Un total de 17 casos fueron incluidos en el análisis. El diagnóstico fue correcto en 9 pacientes, el tratamiento en la primera hora fue completo en 7 pacientes y la monitorización paraclínica en las primeras 6 horas fue completa en 3 pacientes. Conclusión: Se evidenció adecuación aceptable a las guías en la mayoría de los casos.

Abstract: Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a frequent and serious acute complication of diabetes mellitus, accounting for 5% of its mortality. There is international evidence that adherence to the treatment guidelines for diabetic ketoacidosis decreases its morbidity and mortality and that there is no rigorous compliance with these guidelines. The objective of the study was to evaluate the adequacy of the diabetic ketoacidosis treatment guidelines of the American Diabetes Association, at the emergency door. Methodology: A descriptive observational study was carried out on the treatment carried out in the emergency room of a Montevideo university hospital for patients diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis, between June and September 2015. The applied therapy was compared with the management protocol proposed by the American Diabetes Association in 2009. Results: A total of 17 cases were included in the analysis. The diagnosis was correct in 9 patients, the treatment in the first hour was complete in 7 patients and the paraclinical monitoring in the first 6 hours was complete in 3 patients. Conclusion: Acceptable adequacy to the guidelines was evidenced in most cases.

Resumo: Introdução: A cetoacidose diabética é uma complicação aguda frequente e grave do diabetes mellitus, sendo responsável por 5% de sua mortalidade. Há evidências internacionais de que a adesão às diretrizes de tratamento para cetoacidose diabética diminui sua morbidade e mortalidade e que não há conformidade rigorosa com essas diretrizes. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a adequação das diretrizes de tratamento da cetoacidose diabética da American Diabetes Association, na porta de emergência. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo sobre o tratamento realizado no pronto-socorro de um hospital universitário de Montevidéu para pacientes com diagnóstico de cetoacidose diabética, entre junho e setembro de 2015. A terapia aplicada foi comparada com o protocolo de manejo proposto pela American Diabetes Association em 2009. Resultados: Um total de 17 casos foram incluídos na análise. O diagnóstico foi correto em 9 pacientes, o tratamento na primeira hora foi completo em 7 pacientes e o monitoramento paraclínico nas primeiras 6 horas foi completo em 3 pacientes. Conclusão: A adequação aceitável às diretrizes foi evidenciada na maioria dos casos.

Estudio de la percepción sobre metodologías de enseñanza, experiencia académica previa y su relación con el rendimiento / Student perception over teaching methods, academic background and its relation to academic performance

Introducción: Se ha descrito que una favorable percepción de los estudiantes sobre un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje constituye un aspecto relevante que favorece el desempeño académico. Sin embargo, existe escasa información sobre otros factores de riesgo académico de los estudiantes que ingresan en la educación superior. Objetivo: Conocer la experiencia académica previa de los estudiantes de cinesiología, su percepción sobre las metodologías de enseñanza y su relación con el rendimiento. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el cual se estudiaron 108 alumnos de la Escuela de Cinesiología de la asignatura 'Anatomía del aparato locomotor'. Se diseñó y validó un cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de satisfacción y la experiencia académica previa. Posteriormente se aplicó a los estudiantes y se registraron sus calificaciones durante el semestre. Resultados: Los estudiantes evaluaron positivamente la gestión docente en metodología y enseñanza en sus tres dimensiones, obteniendo una puntuación de 3,5 ± 0,3. Sin embargo, el 65,7% de los estudiantes reprobó la asignatura. Los resultados indican que no hay una relación directa entre la metodología de enseñanza y el rendimiento académico. No obstante, la experiencia académica previa parece ser de gran importancia. Conclusión: Es necesario debatir sobre variables de índole académica, como la experiencia previa de los estudiantes, que constituyen factores de predicción del éxito académico y también aquellas que favorecen el burnout académico, e incorporar estrategias de apoyo a estudiantes que presentan estas características para un mejor desempeño académico

Introduction: It is known that a positive student perception about the teaching and learning process is a relevant aspect which improves academic performance. However, there are few studies that consider other academic factors acting upon students who enroll in higher education. Aim: To find out about the academic background of physical therapy students, their perception about teaching methods and its relation to academic performance. Subjects and methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted. Sample consisted of 108 physical therapy students who enrolled in a Locomotor Anatomy course. A questionnaire to assess perceived satisfaction and academic background was designed, which was validated and then applied to students. In addition, students' grades were register during semester. Results: Students gave positive ratings to teachers' performance about teaching methods in all three dimensions, with a score above 3.5 ± 0.3. Yet, 65.7% of alumni failed the course. Results showed no direct relationship between teaching methods and academic performance. However, academic background seems very important. Conclusion: Variables such as students' academic background, which are considered predicting factors associated with academic success, should be discussed as well as those associated with academic burnout. It is recommended to incorporate supporting strategies for students with such characteristics in order to improve their academic performance

Impacto del apoyo familiar en la presencia de quejas depresivas en personas mayores de Santiago de Chile / Impact of family support on depressive complaints in the elderly in Santiago, Chile

Introducción. El envejecimiento poblacional va asociado a cambios epidemiológicos que afectan los vínculos familiares y sociales. Estos vínculos pueden favorecer o amenazar la salud mental de las personas mayores, específicamente la presencia de depresión. El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto del apoyo familiar sobre la presencia de quejas depresivas en personas mayores de la comunidad. Material y métodos. Encuesta cara a cara a una muestra representativa de adultos de 60 y más años de Santiago de Chile. Se usó la pregunta única de depresión y se correlacionó con composición familiar, disponibilidad de apoyo afectivo e instrumental, presencia de conflicto, autopercepción de salud, funcionalidad, autoeficacia, percepción de ingresos. Se calcularon asociaciones bivariadas de variables predictoras y luego un modelo de remisión logística binaria. Resultados. Se incluyeron 394 personas, 62% mujeres, edad promedio 74 años (DE = 8,1). Un 16% refirieron sentirse deprimidos casi todos los días y esto se asoció en forma independiente con autopercepción de salud regular o mala, baja percepción de autoeficacia, mala percepción de disponibilidad de apoyo instrumental y presencia de conflicto. La variable que más contribuyó en el modelo fue la autopercepción de salud regular o mala (odds ratio = 3,2). Conclusiones. La autopercepción de salud aparece muy asociada con las quejas depresivas en las personas mayores de la comunidad, lo que avala los esfuerzos enfocados en optimizar la salud y los programas de apoyo dirigidos a este grupo. Cabe destacar que el apoyo familiar, específicamente el apoyo instrumental y la ausencia de conflicto, tienen importancia, aunque secundaria(AU)

Introduction. Epidemiological changes can have an effect on social and, and in particular, family ties, which are important elements in the mental health of older people. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of family support on depressive disorders in older people of the community. Material and methods. Face to face interviews were conducted on a representative sample of adults 60 years and older, living in urban area of Santiago de Chile. The information on depressive disorders was related to family composition, emotional and instrumental support, presence of conflict, health self-perception, functionality and self-efficiency. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results. From a total of 394 participants, 62% females, mean age 74 years (SD=8.1), 16% felt depressed almost every day. Depressive disorders were significantly associated in regression models with impaired self-perception of health and efficacy, lower instrumental support, and with the presence of conflict. The variable that most contributed to the model was self-rated poor health, increasing the odds of depressive disorders by 3.2. Conclusions. Poor perception of health was the main determining factor for depressive complaints in older people, followed by lower family support, specifically instrumental support, and the presence of conflict. This information can help future programs in order to improve the quality of life in older people(AU)

[Impact of family support on depressive complaints in the elderly in Santiago, Chile]. / Impacto del apoyo familiar en la presencia de quejas depresivas en personas mayores de Santiago de Chile.

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological changes can have an effect on social and, and in particular, family ties, which are important elements in the mental health of older people. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of family support on depressive disorders in older people of the community. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Face to face interviews were conducted on a representative sample of adults 60 years and older, living in urban area of Santiago de Chile. The information on depressive disorders was related to family composition, emotional and instrumental support, presence of conflict, health self-perception, functionality and self-efficiency. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: From a total of 394 participants, 62% females, mean age 74 years (SD=8.1), 16% felt depressed almost every day. Depressive disorders were significantly associated in regression models with impaired self-perception of health and efficacy, lower instrumental support, and with the presence of conflict. The variable that most contributed to the model was self-rated poor health, increasing the odds of depressive disorders by 3.2. CONCLUSIONS: Poor perception of health was the main determining factor for depressive complaints in older people, followed by lower family support, specifically instrumental support, and the presence of conflict. This information can help future programs in order to improve the quality of life in older people.