RESUMO
Murine Norovirus (MNV) is one of the most known viruses among viruses in mice. Because of the high prevalence of MNV in frequently used laboratory animals in biomedical researches, there is a significant impact of MNV. There may be different prevalence degrees and molecular characteristics of MNV in different regions around the world. Here, we reported an MNV strain "designated HBTS-1806" isolation from commercial mice's feces that caused a detectable cytopathic effect (CPE) in RAW264.7 cells. According to electron microscopy, the virus was 50-70 nm in diameter. The complete genome of HBTS-1806 is 7383 nucleotides with a structure similar to that of MNV reference strains. According to phylogenetic analysis on the basis of the whole genome, HBTS-1806 shared nucleotide sequence identities of 90.2-95.4% with other Chinese isolates reported. Analysis of amino acid sequence on the basis of ORF1 and ORF2 suggested that the isolated strain may be derived from recombination. Although no gross lesions or histopathological changes were found from mice infected with 5 × 105 TCLD50 of MNV by oral gavage inoculation, the intestinal virus loads lasted 12 weeks, suggesting a persistent infection strain of MNV isolate in China.
RESUMO
In the paper,we introduced the peculiarity of Candida albicans and the disease caused by it,expounded the complexity of the pathogenesis,enumerated the advantages of the RNA-Seq and reviewed its application to study on the pathogenesis of Candida albicans,found out some shortages in previous studies,and anticipated the possible trends of such study in future.In conclusion,some remarkable achievements will bring about by use of improved RNA-Seq for intensive researches on the pathogenesis of Candida albicans.
RESUMO
Twenty Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from infected chicken flocks during 2001 to 2009 in China were biologically and genetically characterized. All the 20 NDVs were categorized into velogenic (n=17) and lentogenic (n=3) viruses, respectively, according to the mean death time (MDT) of chicken embryos. Velogenic viruses carry the motif (112)R-R-Q-K-R/F(117) (n=14) or (112)G-R-Q-G-R/L(117) (n=3) at the F0 cleavage site, while all the lentogenic virus had a sequence motif of (112)G-R-Q-G-R/L(117) (n=3) at the same site. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that at least three distinct genotypes (genotypes I, II and VII) existed in chicken flocks in China and VIId of genotype VII were mainly responsible for the present ND panzootic. Two natural recombinants (XD/Shandong/08 and QG/Hebei/07) were supposed and identified by the SimPlot program, and their two parental-like strains might be from the NDV vaccine lineage and VIId velogenic lineage respectively. The results indicate that recombination play a role in NDV evolution and the live vaccines have capacity to boost NDV evolution by homologous recombination with circulating virus.