RESUMO
The article is a review of the literature on the problem of heart disease in liver cirrhosis of different etiologies (alcohol, amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, viral lesions of the heart). Examined in detail the pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and diagnosis, occurring in cirrhosis of any etiology. This article presents a noninvasive methods of diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis using serum markers of fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis degree of calculation on the basis of echocardiography and ECG.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias , Cirrose Hepática , Biomarcadores/sangue , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Cardiopatias/sangue , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias/etiologia , Cardiopatias/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Cirrose Hepática/fisiopatologia , Miocárdio/metabolismoRESUMO
The concentration of hemoglobin in blood of patients with pyoinflammatory diseases was shown to depend on the ability of bacteria to interact with erythrocytes. Bacteria with high hemolytic activity (> or = 70% hemolysis) and anti-hemoglobin activity (>3 g/1) were isolated from pyoinflammatory foci of patients suffering from anaemia. Structural changes were investigated in vitro and in vivo erythrocytes in terms of their interaction with microorganisms by electron microscopy. For the first time, the phenomenon of coccal location within erythrocytes was established. Staphylococci with a high level of hemolytic and anti-hemoglobin activity appear to survive and multiply within erythrocytes that results in destroying hemoglobin. Staphylococci with a low level of mentioned activities are subjected to destructive changes within erythrocytes and subsequent killing.
Assuntos
Anemia/etiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/complicações , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação , Supuração/complicações , Supuração/microbiologia , Anemia/microbiologia , Animais , Eritrócitos/microbiologia , Eritrócitos/patologia , Eritrócitos/ultraestrutura , Hemoglobinas/análise , Hemoglobinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Hemolisinas/metabolismo , Hemólise , Humanos , Camundongos , Microscopia Eletrônica , Infecções Estafilocócicas/sangue , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus/metabolismo , Staphylococcus/patogenicidade , Supuração/sangue , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismoRESUMO
The patterns of persistence and virulence factors expression in the representatives of human microbial biocenosis depends on a complex of the environmental conditions: influence of microbes-symbionts, biotope peculiarities, properties of microorganisms located within eukaryotes. Interactions of symbionts in pairs "indigen-indigen" isolated from mucous membrane of tonsils in healthy persons, did not lead to changes in expression of pathogenic properties. Interinfluence in pairs "pathogen-indigen" and "indigen-indigen", isolated from patients with chronic tonsilitis were accompanied by an increase of anti-lysozyme, hemolytic and lecithovitellase activities. Migration of strains of non-enzymatized gram-negative bacteria (NEYNB) from nasal into tympanic cavity in experimental acute purulent otitis is connected with an earlier increase of their number in the nasal cavity and the expression of anti-lysozyme activity. In acute and chronic pyoderma, expression of ALA is more marked in bacteria from a perifocal damage in contrast to focal damage of normal skin. In conditions of interaction between erythrocytes and staphylococcal clones with different levels of expression of pathogenic factors, differences were observed in dynamics of hemolytic and anti-hemoglobin activities.
Assuntos
Enzimas/metabolismo , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/metabolismo , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/patogenicidade , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Proteínas Hemolisinas/metabolismo , Muramidase/antagonistas & inibidores , Muramidase/metabolismo , Fatores de Virulência/fisiologia , Animais , Doença Crônica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ectima/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas Hemolisinas/análise , Humanos , Locomoção , Camundongos , Otite Média/microbiologia , Coelhos , Tonsilite/microbiologiaRESUMO
The interaction of staphylococci, streptococci, meningococci, enterobacteria, leptospires and other microorganisms with red blood cells is considered. Three forms of the interaction of bacteria and red blood cells are discussed: adhesion, the influence of secretory factors on red blood cells, the action of pathogenic bacteria on hemoglobin. The applied aspects of the interaction of bacteria and red blood cells in the human body are presented in accordance with the results of clinical and laboratory studies.