Influence of Linker Molecules in Hexavalent RGD Peptides on Their Multivalent Interactions with Integrin αvß3.

Multivalent RGD peptides have been used as an excellent targeting vector to integrin αvß3-positive tumors. However, little attention has been paid to the influence of linker molecules in multivalent RGD peptides on their dissociation kinetics from tumor cells. In this study, we evaluated the dissociation kinetics of 99mTc-labeled hexavalent RGD peptides which have (CH2-CH2-O)n (n = 4, [99mTc][Tc(L1)6]+ and n = 12, [99mTc][Tc(L2)6]+) or (DPro-Gly)n (n = 1, [99mTc][Tc(L3)6]+; n = 6, [99mTc][Tc(L4)6]+; and n = 9, [99mTc][Tc(L5)6]+) as a linker molecule. The results showed that [99mTc][Tc(L4)6]+ and [99mTc][Tc(L5)6]+ displayed slower dissociation kinetics and [99mTc][Tc(L4)6]+ showed exceptionally high in vitro cellular uptake (203.1 ± 16.7% dose/mg protein) and the highest tumor to blood ratio (138.1 ± 26.3 at 4 h p.i.) in tumor bearing nude mice. These findings indicate that the use of appropriate length of (DPro-Gly)n would maximize the binding of multivalent RGD peptides to clustered integrin αvß3.

Aryl isocyanide derivative for one-pot synthesis of purification-free 99mTc-labeled hexavalent targeting probe.

INTRODUCTION: 99mTc-labeled hexavalent probes can be readily synthesized by the coordination of six equivalent isocyanide ligands towards TcI, and alkyl isocyanide ligands have been extensively used for preparing such probes. However, high ligand concentration (>1 mM) is generally required due to their insufficient coordination ability to TcI. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we revealed that aryl isocyanide ligands, which have greater π-accepting ability compared with alkyl ones, provided 99mTc-labeled hexavalent probes in high radiochemical yields (>95%) even at low ligand concentration (50 µM). We applied this finding to the synthesis of a 99mTc-labeled hexavalent RGD probe, targeting integrin αvß3. This 99mTc-labeled probe was prepared in a 5 min reaction at ligand concentration of 50 µM, and exhibited high tumor localization in vivo without post-labeling purification. CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate that aryl isocyanide ligands would be a useful precursor to a variety of 99mTc-labeled hexavalent targeting probes for molecular imaging of saturable systems. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Aryl isocyanide is a better precursor than alkyl isocyanide for preparing 99mTc-labeled hexavalent targeting probe. IMPLICATION FOR PATIENT CARE: This work provides a straightforward method to prepare molecular imaging agents of high target uptake, which would facilitate nuclear medicine imaging in clinical settings.