Tranexamic acid reduces perioperative blood loss and postoperative hemoglobin loss during total ankle arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical comparative studies.

IMPORTANCE: Peri-operative blood loss during joint replacement procedures is a modifiable risk factor that impacts wound complications, hospital stay and total costs. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an anti-fibrinolytic that has been widely used in orthopedic surgery, but its efficacy in the setting of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has not been quantified to date. AIM: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of administering TXA in patients undergoing TAA. EVIDENCE REVIEW: The Medline, Embase and Cochrane library databases were systematically reviewed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Five comparative studies examining blood loss following administration of TXA for patients undergoing TAA were included. The outcome measures of interest were blood loss, reduction in hemoglobin concentration, transfusion requirements, total complications and wound complications. FINDINGS: In total, 194 patients received TXA and 187 patients did not receive TXA while undergoing TAA. Based on the common-effects model for total blood loss for the TXA group versus control, the standardized mean difference (SMD) was -0.7832 (95% CI, -1.1544, -0.4120; P â€‹< â€‹0.0001), in favor of lower total blood loss for TXA. Based on the random-effects model for reduction in hemoglobin for the TXA group versus control, the SMD was -0.9548 (95% CI, -1.7850, -0.1246; P â€‹= â€‹0.0242) in favor of lower hemoglobin loss for TXA. Based on the random-effects model for total complications for the TXA group versus control, the risk ratio was 0.512 (95% CI, 0.1588, 1.6512; P â€‹= â€‹0.1876), in favor of lower total complications for TXA but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: This current review demonstrated that administration of TXA led to a reduction in blood loss and hemoglobin loss without an increased risk of the development of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing TAA. No difference was observed with respect to total complication rates between the TXA cohort and the control group. TXA appears to be an effective hemostatic agent in the setting of TAA, but further studies are necessary to identify the optimal timing, dosage and route of TXA during TAA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

Similar outcomes following scarf-Akin osteotomy compared to scarf-alone osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes between patients undergoing scarf osteotomy and scarf-Akin osteotomy for the management of hallux valgus deformity. METHODS: A systematic review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies reporting clinical data following scarf osteotomy and scarf-Akin osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus were included and assessed. The level and quality of evidence of the included studies were also evaluated. RESULTS: Four studies were included. In total, 388 patients (408 toes) underwent scarf osteotomy alone and 287 patients (295 toes) underwent scarf-Akin osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus deformity. There was no difference in postoperative American orthopedic foot and ankle society scores (p = 0.7828), visual analog scale scores (p = 0.4558), hallux valgus angle (p = 0.5116), intermetatarsal angle (p = 0.4830), proximal to distal phalangeal articular angle (p = 0.2411) between the scarf alone cohort and the scarf-Akin cohort. Similarly, there was no difference in complication rates (p = 0.6881) nor secondary surgical procedure rates (p = 0.3678) between the 2 cohorts. Finally, there was a higher recurrence rate in the scarf-alone cohort (11.4%) compared to the scarf-Akin cohort (5.7%), but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.4414). CONCLUSION: This systematic review demonstrates lower recurrence rates following scarf-Akin osteotomy compared to scarf osteotomy alone for the treatment of hallux valgus deformity. No difference in complication rates were noted between the 2 cohorts. Our review demonstrates that both the scarf osteotomy and the scarf-Akin osteotomy may be effective and safe procedures, however, the scarf-Akin osteotomy may provide more long-term benefit in the setting of moderate to severe hallux valgus.