Assuntos
Dieta , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Animais , Antropologia , Evolução Biológica , Dieta/história , Carboidratos da Dieta/história , Carboidratos da Dieta/normas , Gorduras na Dieta/história , Gorduras na Dieta/normas , Fibras na Dieta/história , Fibras na Dieta/normas , Proteínas Alimentares/história , Proteínas Alimentares/normas , História Antiga , Humanos , Carne/história , Carne/normas , Minerais/história , Minerais/normas , Necessidades Nutricionais , Valor Nutritivo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Verduras/história , Verduras/normas , Vitaminas/história , Vitaminas/normasRESUMO
Reproductive experiences for women in today's affluent Western nations differ from those of women in hunting and gathering societies, who continue the ancestral human pattern. These differences parallel commonly accepted reproductive risk factors for cancers of the breast, endometrium and ovary. Nutritional practices, exercise requirements, and body composition are nonreproductive influences that have been proposed as additional factors affecting the incidence of women's cancers. In each case, these would further increase risk for women in industrialized countries relative to forager women. Lifestyles and reproductive patterns new from an evolutionary perspective may promote women's cancers. Calculations based on a theoretical model suggest that, to age 60, modern Western women have a breast cancer risk as much as 100 times that of preagricultural women.
Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Neoplasias da Mama/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/fisiopatologia , Comportamento Social , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Feminino , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/epidemiologia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/genética , Humanos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Although little is known empirically of the physiology of human hunting, arguments for innate biological bases of gender-dimorphic behaviors such as aggression frequently point to the role of hunting in human evolution. Study of !Kung San hunter-gatherer men demonstrated that the diurnal pattern in serum testosterone was altered during a six-day hunt, compared to pre- and post-hunt levels, due mainly to elevation of evening values. Hunting success did not correlate with any testosterone measures. The pattern of changes observed is most consistent with the known concomitants of moderate prolonged exercise.
Assuntos
Agressão , Testosterona/sangue , Adulto , África Austral , População Negra , Estradiol/sangue , Etnicidade , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The nutritional elements appropriate for contemporary humans reflect genetically determined biochemical and physiological factors, which have evolved over hundreds of millions of years. Stone Age humans, however, derived nearly all of their nutrients from just two of the four major food groups we select from today.