RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lumbar epidural analgesia (LEA) is commonly used for labor analgesia but up to 13% of epidural catheters fail and require replacement. Combined spinal-epidural analgesia is associated with a lower catheter failure rate. Few data exist regarding catheter replacement rates after dural-puncture epidural (DPE). We conducted a retrospective analysis comparing catheter failure rates between epidural and DPE techniques. METHODS: This retrospective single-center trial reviewed all labor neuraxial analgesia procedures among 18â¯726 women across five years, and identified 810 DPE and 2667 LEA procedures. Catheter failure rates, consisting of replacement or requirement of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery, were compared. Propensity score matching was used to balance the groups. RESULTS: Dural-puncture epidural was associated with significantly fewer catheter failures compared with LEA (74/759 vs. 49/759, odds ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.93, P=0.02). Sensitivity analysis excluding cases of general anesthesia confirmed this relationship. Risk factors identified for catheter failure included age, body mass index, and nulliparity. Dural-puncture epidural was associated with a longer mean time to catheter replacement (918â¯min vs. 609â¯min, P=0.04). Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariate analyses confirmed this relationship. There was no significant difference in the requirement for epidural analgesia supplementation, but DPE required supplementation significantly later than LEA. There was no difference in the rate of headache or epidural blood patch between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dural-puncture epidural is associated with fewer catheter failures and replacements than LEA, without an increase in the rate of post-dural puncture headache or epidural blood patch.
Assuntos
Analgesia Epidural , Analgesia Obstétrica , Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Analgesia Epidural/métodos , Analgesia Obstétrica/métodos , Catéteres , Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural/epidemiologia , Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural/terapia , Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural/etiologia , Punções , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Currently, the authorisation procedure of trace elements as feed additives in the European Union according to Regulation (EC) No. 1831/2003 does not consider the bioavailability of trace element sources. This manuscript provides framework conditions for in vivo experiments that aim to estimate differences in the relative bioavailability between supplements of essential trace elements. Framework conditions encompass necessary technical information on the test substance, the experimental design and diet composition as well as the suitability of status parameters that allow for relative comparisons of regression variables. This manuscript evolves recommendations for researchers to conduct solid and reliable experiments on the matter as well as decision makers to interpret the value of studies submitted with authorisation applications regarding a certain trace element supplement.
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Animais Domésticos/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Oligoelementos/metabolismo , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Suplementos Nutricionais , União Europeia , Legislação sobre Alimentos , Oligoelementos/administração & dosagem , Oligoelementos/normasRESUMO
Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) is a viral disease of poultry. Although the disease has a milder clinical course in turkeys than in chickens, reproductive flocks of turkeys are vaccinated against AE. Commercial AE ELISA kits are specifically designed for chickens, which makes it difficult to implement these tests in serological monitoring of turkey flocks. The aim of the study was to compare the AE serological results provided by two ELISA kits from different producers when testing an AE-vaccinated flock of turkey hens and their progeny. We detected differences in the sensitivity of the ELISAs for testing specific anti-AE antibody levels in turkey serum samples.
Assuntos
Encefalomielite , Infecções por Picornaviridae , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/diagnóstico , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Galinhas , Perus , Infecções por Picornaviridae/veterinária , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Encefalomielite/veterinária , Anticorpos AntiviraisRESUMO
We investigated whether highly available organic residues in Brazil can be used as substrates for the production of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, instead of the conventional cultivation using the eucalyptus sawdust substrate. We assessed the mushroom yield on 13 substrates, of which 12 were formulated with different concentrations of organic residues and one with pure eucalyptus sawdust, and verified whether the raw material used in the substrate formula and the concentration of such alternative residues influenced their biological efficiencies. Substrates containing eucalyptus bark resulted in higher mushroom yield than those containing eucalyptus sawdust, which generally resulted in similar mushroom yield to the remaining formulas. Moreover, the raw material and the concentration of each residue affected the biological efficiency of the substrates. We show that the conventional substrate for P. ostreatus can be replaced by substrates easily accessible to producers without loss in productivity. Furthermore, that the concentration of these mixtures affects the mushroom productivity and should be considered when formulating the growth medium.
Assuntos
Agaricales , Pleurotus , Agricultura , Brasil , FlorestasRESUMO
Bedding, environmental enrichment materials and disinfectant powders in pig farming are meant to ensure a hygienic bedding environment or allow pigs to perform explorative behaviour. To our knowledge, no legal regulation exists, that established maximum contents for undesirable substances, such as toxic metals, dioxins or trace elements in these materials, although oral ingestion could be expected. In the present study, a total of 74 materials (disinfectant powders [n = 51], earth/peat [n = 12], biochar [n = 8], recycled manure solids [n = 3]) were analysed for their content of various toxic metals, trace elements, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. The data suggest that, in some samples, trace elements like iron, copper and zinc might have been added intentionally in order to induce physiological effects (iron supply to piglets, copper and zinc as growth promoter in pigs). Moreover, some materials contained high levels of lead, cadmium or arsenic. Consequently, if farm animals repeatedly consume environmental enrichment and bedding materials or disinfectant powders in considerable amounts and these quantities are added to the daily ration, the amount of ingested undesirable substances and trace elements might exceed the maximum levels set for complete feedstuffs, and an elevated transfer into food of animal origin might occur. Future studies are required to address the possible quantitative contribution in the light of feed and food safety. Finally, the excretion of undesirable substances with manure needs to be considered due to their possible accumulation in soils.
Assuntos
Habitação , Oligoelementos , Animais , Cádmio , Cobre , Esterco , SuínosRESUMO
The increasing extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) for technology applications raised concerns for contamination and toxicity in the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of the following REEs in primary cultures of rainbow trout hepatocytes: yttrium (Y), samarium (Sm), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb) and lutetium (Lu). Hepatocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of the above elements for 24 h at 15 °C and they were analyzed for viability, metallothioneins (MT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and arachidonate cyclooxygenase (COX) as markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. The results revealed that the cytoxicity of REEs were as follows in decreasing order: Y > Sm > Lu > Tb > Gd in concordance with published rainbow trout mortality data. While effects on GST and COX activities were marginal, MT levels were more strongly increased with the 2 most toxic REEs (Y and Sm) and Gd, while MT levels were decreased in the least toxic ones (Tb, Lu). While cell viability followed published trout mortality data, it also followed the redox potential and the glutathione affinity constant (log k). The capacity to induce/decrease MT levels was associated with ionic radius, log k (glutathione) and electronegativity. A proposed mechanism of toxicity for REEs is presented based on the chemical properties of REEs, namely the glutathione binding constant and ionic radius, in light of the observed effects in trout hepatocytes.
Assuntos
Glutationa/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Metais Terras Raras/toxicidade , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa/genética , Metalotioneína/genética , Ligação ProteicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intravenous dexmedetomidine 30⯵g reduces shivering after cesarean delivery but can result in sedation and dry mouth. We hypothesized that prophylactic administration of 10⯵g of IV dexmedetomidine would reduce the patient-reported severity of shivering after cesarean delivery, without an increased incidence of side effects. METHODS: After institutional review board approval and informed written consent, women undergoing scheduled cesarean delivery with spinal or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were randomized to receive either intravenous normal saline or dexmedetomidine 10⯵g immediately after delivery. The primary outcome was a patient-rated subjective shivering score using a 10-cm visual analog scale at 30 and 60â¯min after arrival in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit. Secondary outcomes included subjective scores for pain, nausea, itching, dry mouth, and sedation, as well as 24-h medication administration and investigator-rated observations of shivering, vomiting, pruritus, and sedation. Repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer multiple-comparison test was applied for primary outcomes. RESULTS: One hundred patients were enrolled, and 85 completed the study and were included in analysis. The mean⯱â¯SD shivering score in the dexmedetomidine group was significantly lower by repeated measures analysis than among controls across the first 60â¯min (P=0.0002), and individually at both 30 and 60â¯min (placebo 1.8⯱â¯2.6 vs. dexmedetomidine 0.6⯱â¯1.4 at 30â¯min; 1.2⯱â¯2.1 vs. 0.3⯱â¯0.6 at 60â¯min; both P <0.01). Patient-rated and observer-rated side effects did not significantly differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic administration of intravenous dexmedetomidine 10⯵g after delivery reduces shivering without notable side effects.
Assuntos
Raquianestesia , Dexmedetomidina , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , EstremecimentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) represent a spectrum of lymphoid malignancies that are often curable with currently applied treatment regimens; however, 15%-30% of lymphoma patients still suffer from relapsed or refractory (rel/ref) disease. Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) improves outcomes of second-line therapy for lymphoma in childhood, the complication rates in this group of patients, especially infectious complications (IC), remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this population-based cohort study was a retrospective analysis of incidence, epidemiology and profile of bacterial infections (BI), invasive fungal disease (IFD), and viral infections (VI) in primary or rel/ref lymphoma patients, both HL and NHL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We subdivided lymphoma patients into three groups: patients with primary conventional chemotherapy/radiotherapy regimens (group A), patients with rel/ref lymphoma treated with second-line chemotherapy (group B), and rel/ref lymphoma patients who underwent HSCT (group C). The medical records of the patients were biannually reported by each pediatric oncology center, and the data were analyzed centrally. RESULTS: Within 637 patients with primary lymphoma, at least one IC was diagnosed in 255 (40.0%), among 52 patients with rel/ref lymphoma 24 (46.2%) ICs were observed, and in transplanted group, 28 (57.1%) out of 49 children were diagnosed with IC (P = .151). The distribution of etiology of IC differed between the patient groups (A, B, C), with a predominance of BI in group A (85.6% vs 72.0% and 47.9%, respectively), VI in group C (9% and 16.0% vs 46.6%, respectively), and IFD in group B (5.4% vs 12.0% vs 5.5%, respectively). Overall, 500 (68.0%) episodes of bacterial IC were diagnosed in the entire group. Apart from HL patients treated with chemotherapy, in all the other subgroups of patients Gram-positives were predominant. The rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria was high, especially for Gram-negatives (41.1% in group A, 62.5% in group B, and 84.6% in group C). The infection-related mortality was comparable for each group. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of IC was comparable during first- and second-line chemotherapy and after HSCT, but their profile was different for primary or re/ref lymphoma and depended on the type of therapy.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Doença de Hodgkin/complicações , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/epidemiologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/complicações , Viroses/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Infecções Bacterianas/mortalidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Doença de Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/mortalidade , Linfoma não Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Viroses/mortalidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim was to evaluate the incidence, clinical course, and outcome of adenoviral infection (AdVI) in pediatric patients diagnosed and treated due to cancer and in pediatric recipients of hematopoietic stem cell. Over a 72-month period, all-in 5599 children with cancer: 2441 patients with hematological malignancy (HM) and 3158 with solid tumors (ST), and 971 patients after transplantation: 741 after allogeneic (allo-HSCT) and 230 after autologous (auto-HSCT) were enrolled into the study. Among cancer patients, 67 episodes of AdVI appeared in 63 (1.1%) children, including 45 (1.8%) with HM and 18 (0.6%; P < .001) with ST. Within transplanted patients, AdVIs were responsible for 88 episodes in 81 (8.3%) children (P < .001), including 78 (10.5%) patients after allo-HSCT and 3 (1.3%) after auto-HSCT. Time to develop AdVI was short, especially after allo-HSCT. The most common clinical manifestation in cancer patients was enteritis diagnosed in 63 (94.0%) cases, while among HSCT recipient asymptomatic adenoviremia was found in 36 (40.9%) cases and the most common clinical manifestation was urinary tract infection. Cancer patients with disseminated disease, as well as HSCT recipients with either asymptomatic viremia or disseminated disease, received antiviral treatment. The most commonly used first-line therapy was cidofovir. None of the cancer patients died due to AdVI, while within HSCT recipients three patients developed disseminated adenoviral disease and died despite antiviral treatment. In cancer patients, AdVIs are rare and associated with very good prognosis even without specific treatment. However, in allo-HSCT recipients, disseminated disease with fatal outcome is more likely to occur.
RESUMO
AIMS: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are an emerging cause of morbidity and mortality after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim of the study was to analyse the incidence, clinical characteristics and survival from bacterial infections (BI) caused by MDR pathogens in paediatric HSCT recipients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 971 transplanted patients, BI were found in 416 children between the years 2012 and 2017. Overall, there were 883 bacterial episodes, which includes 85·8% after allo-HSCT and 14·2% after auto-HSCT. MDR strains were responsible for half of the total number of bacterial episodes. Over 50% of MDR pathogens were Enterobacteriaceae causing mainly gut infections or urinary tract infections. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding HSCT type, we did not find differences in the profile of MDR BI between allo- and auto-HSCT recipients. However, survival in MDR and non-MDR infections was comparable. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The large sample size enables unique analysis and makes our data more applicable to other paediatric HSCT centres. In the absence of local epidemiological data, presented clinical characteristics of MDR-caused infections may be used to optimize the prophylactic strategies, early identification of infectious complications of MDR aetiology and thus promptly initiate adequate antibiotic therapy and further improve patients' outcome.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Polônia/epidemiologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The present study gives an overview about the concentration of PFAS in liver, fillet and belly flap of beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) and cod (Gadus morhua) caught in pristine arctic fishing grounds of Svalbard. Out of 17 analysed substances, only six perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) could be detected in the fish. The most frequently quantified substances were PFOS and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) in liver (100%) and fillet (at least 40% and 70%, respectively) of beaked redfish and cod, and in belly flap of beaked redfish (100%). Compared to cod, beaked redfish showed significant higher PFAA concentrations with highest levels in liver. Multiple comparisons of group differences for PFAA concentrations among fish species and matrices were independent of the evaluation method, but not for the PFAA-pattern analysis. The risk assessment of PFOS indicated that beaked redfish and cod caught in the Barents Sea can be a relevant exposure source for consumers.
Assuntos
Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/análise , Fluorocarbonos/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Gadus morhua , Perciformes , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Animais , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Sulfonamidas/análise , Svalbard , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
The number of human cases of salmonellosis in the EU was 94,625 in 2015. Considering the source of these infections, Salmonella spp. was most frequently detected in broiler chicken meat and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) was the most commonly reported serovar. The efficacy of probiotics in limiting Salmonella spp. infection in poultry has been demonstrated in numerous papers. The administration of probiotics at the level of primary production reduces the risk of contamination of poultry food products with Salmonella spp. A study was carried out in order to determine the potential for reducing the Salmonella spp. population in broiler chickens with the use of the Lavipan (JHJ, Poland) probiotic that comprised selected stains of lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cervisae. Salmonella spp.-free broiler chickens were divided into two groups and received the same feed with (group L) or without (group C) the probiotic throughout the experiment. All day-old chickens were infected per os with SE. Samples of cecum content were collected 2, 4, and 6 weeks after SE infection and pectoral muscles were collected 6 weeks following SE infection for the evaluation of the SE population number. Serum samples for serological examinations were collected 6 weeks after infection. Six weeks after infection, the number of SE-positive cecal samples was lower in the L group (12.5% positive) in comparison to the C group (87.5%). Similar results were demonstrated for the muscle samples (25% in contrast to 87.5%). At the same time, in both cases, the SE CFU/g was significantly lower in the L group. The results of our study indicate that Lavipan was capable of reducing the population of SE in the gastrointestinal tract, which eventually improved the hygienic parameters of the pectoral muscles. Four weeks after infection, SE was not detected in any of the experimental groups. In both groups, no specific anti-SE antibodies were detected.
Assuntos
Galinhas/microbiologia , Lactobacillus/fisiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Salmonella enteritidis , Ração Animal , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Wildlife species, such as roe deer, moose, brown hare, wild boar, etc., are known to accumulate persistent environmental contaminants and thus are useful as bioindicators for environmental pollution. Wild boars become exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) from flora, fauna, water, and soil. The main exposure pathway to PFOA and PFOS is assumed to be the oral intake. From studies in domestic pigs (belonging to the same species Sus scrofa), it has been established that the oral exposure results in the liver accumulation of PFOA and PFOS. Thus, we posit that wild boars can be quantitatively used as suitable bioindicators for the presence of these substances in the environment. After the environmental pollution case in the Hessian region Sauerland in 2006, monitoring programs of individual Federal States from 2007 to 2013 showed that almost all wild boar liver samples contained PFOA and PFOS. In 2014, the analyses of PFOA and PFOS in liver of wild boars hunted in the south, north, and west of Germany showed liver concentrations at the same level among regions. Overall, an average ratio of PFOS:PFOA concentration in liver of 20.5:1 was found. To estimate the actual ratio of PFOS:PFOA in the wild boars' dietary exposure, we performed toxicokinetic modeling. According to the model, the PFOS exposure is only 2.2 times that of PFOA (because PFOS has slower elimination kinetics and higher affinity for the liver than PFOA). Overall, the determination of PFOA and PFOS in liver of wild boars indicates that both substances are ubiquitously distributed in the environment. At the same time, higher exposures were found for animals living in closer proximity to dense human populations.
Assuntos
Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/análise , Caprilatos/análise , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Poluição Ambiental/análise , Fluorocarbonos/análise , Sus scrofa , Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/farmacocinética , Animais , Caprilatos/farmacocinética , Exposição Dietética/análise , Biomarcadores Ambientais , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Feminino , Fluorocarbonos/farmacocinética , Alemanha , Fígado/química , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , MasculinoRESUMO
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infectious diarrhea in children during anticancer therapy or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in Europe. Immunosuppression in these patients is a risk factor for CDI. Malignant diseases, age, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), HLA mismatch, or use of total body irradiation may play an important role in CDI course. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, course, and outcome of CDI in children treated for malignancy or undergoing HSCT. Between 2012 and 2015, a total number of 1846 patients were treated for malignancy in Polish pediatric oncological centers (PHO group) and 342 underwent transplantation (HSCT group). In PHO group, episodes of CDI occurred in 210 patients (14%). The incidence of CDI was higher in patients with hematological malignancies in comparison to that with solid tumors. Patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia had shorter time to episode of CDI than those with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Patients over 5 years and treated for acute leukemia had more severe clinical course of disease in PHO group. In HSCT group, CDI occurred in 29 (8%) patients. The incidence of CDI was higher in patients transplanted for acute leukemia. The recurrence rate was 14.7% in PHO and 20.7% in HSCT patients. CDI incidence was highest in patients with hematological malignancies. Most of patients experienced mild CDI. Age < 5 years and diagnosis other than acute leukemia were the positive prognostic factors influencing clinical CDI course.
Assuntos
Clostridioides difficile/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/complicações , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Clostridium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Feminino , Neoplasias Hematológicas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/microbiologia , Hospitais Pediátricos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/complicações , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/epidemiologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/microbiologia , Masculino , Polônia/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicações , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/microbiologia , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Transplante Homólogo/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We analyzed incidence and profile of infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in Polish pediatric HSCT departments, over a 2-year period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Hospital records of 67 patients, who underwent allogeneic HSCT for ALL, were analyzed retrospectively for microbiologically documented infection: bacterial infection (BI), viral infection (VI), and fungal infection (FI). The majority of patients (40/67; 59.7%) underwent HSCT from matched unrelated donors (MUD). RESULTS: In total, 84 BI in 31 patients, 93 VI in 50 patients, and 27 FI in 22 patients were diagnosed. No differences were found in the frequency of occurrence of BI according to the type of transplant (P = .16); the occurrence of VI was statistically more frequent in MUD transplant recipients as compared with matched sibling donors (MSD) and mismatched related donors (MMFD; P = .001) and there was a trend in MUD patients for the higher occurrence of FI in comparison with MSD and MMFD transplants (P = .08). Regarding disease status, the occurrence of BI, VI, and FI was statistically more frequent in children who underwent transplantation in their first complete remission (CR1), rather than those who underwent transplantation in ≥CR2 (P < .05). In conclusion, infectious complications are an important cause of morbidity in children with ALL treated with allogeneic HSCT and the incidence of infections is high in this group of patients.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Micoses/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Viroses/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Polônia/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/microbiologia , Indução de Remissão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Irmãos , Fatores de Tempo , Doadores de Tecidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to develop rapid molecular assays for differentiating vaccine strains Ma5 and 4/91 of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Specific primers and probes for S1 and N genes were designed based on the nucleotide sequences of both vaccine strains. Cross-reactivity was not observed. Assay sensitivity was 2.373 × 103 copies of the Ma5 strain, and 3.852 x 103 copies of the 4/91 strain. Samples belonging to a known genotype demonstrated that the designed assays supported rapid and sensitive detection of Ma5 and 4/91 vaccine strains of IBV.
Assuntos
Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Animais , Galinhas/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/classificação , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the light of an increasing number of hematopoietic stem cell transplantations and more frequent use of reduced-intensity conditioning as preparative regimens for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, post-transplant cell chimera monitoring is considered a necessity. METHODS: The quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction method, along with the commercial AmpFSTR SGMPlus kit, was applied in research on hematopoietic chimeras. RESULTS: The total of 102 patients who had undergone allogenic transplantations were investigated. Chimerism monitoring was commenced on the seventh day after transplantation and lasted up to 12 years in some cases, according to the instituted schedule. CONCLUSIONS: The kit has been shown to be fully sufficient for determining genetic profiles of recipients and donors and selecting informative markers. The method has been proven effective and satisfactory for assessing quantitative chimeras.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Quimeras de Transplante/genética , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Fluorescência , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Doadores de Tecidos , Condicionamento Pré-TransplanteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Infectious complications are a significant cause of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) failure, especially allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) because of delayed immune reconstitution and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurrence. Identifying the factors responsible for bacterial infections (BI) in patients undergoing HSCT will provide much more effective empirical antimicrobial treatment in this group of patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and profile of BI in patients after HSCT in 5 centers of the Polish Pediatric Group for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in 2012-2013. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 308 HSCT recipients, we retrospectively analyzed 273 episodes of BI in 113 (36.7%) children aged 0.02-22 years (median age: 7 years), 92 after allo-HSCT and 22 after autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT). We assessed incidence of BI in different HSCT types by calculating the Index of Bacterial Infection (IBI) as a ratio of patients with at least 1 BI to all patients who underwent this type of HSCT in the analyzed period. We assessed the profile of BI with particular emphasis on multidrug-resistant organisms, and impact of underlying disease and of graft-versus-host disease on BI episodes. RESULTS: In the studied group, 273 episodes of BI were diagnosed, including 237 episodes after allo-HSCT and 36 after auto-HSCT. Among allo-HSCT recipients diagnosed with at least 1 BI, the IBI was 0.4 (matched sibling donor-HSCT 0.3; matched donor-HSCT 0.4; mismatched unrelated donor [MMUD]-HSCT 0.8; P = 0.027) and after auto-HSCT 0.3 per 1 transplanted patient. In patient after allo-HSCT because of myelo- or lymphoproliferative diseases and bone marrow failures, the major cause of infections was Enterobacteriaceae, while gram-positive bacteria predominated in the group with primary immunodeficiencies. In all patients after auto-HSCT, the dominant pathogen of BI were Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.011). Time from each type of HSCT to infection caused by different pathogens did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of BI does not depend on the underlying disease, but only on HSCT donor type and is the highest after MMUD-HSCT procedure. The profile of BI depends on the underlying disease and HSCT donor type, but does not depend on the occurrence of acute GVHD. Gram-negative bacteria predominated in patients with myelo- and lymphoproliferative diseases, while in patients with primary immunodeficiencies gram-positive strains were predominant.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/epidemiologia , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/isolamento & purificação , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Doadores não Relacionados , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/complicações , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Polônia/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante Autólogo/efeitos adversos , Transplante Homólogo/efeitos adversos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Over 14 000 patients aged 15-24 are estimated to be diagnosed with cancer in the European Union (EU) each year. Teenagers and young adults (TYA) often fall down gaps between children's and adults cancer services. The specific challenges of providing optimal care to them are described, but we present a summary of recent progress. Progress to overcome these challenges is happening at different rates across Europe. We summarise the European national projects in this field but more recently we have seen the beginnings of European coordination. Within the EU 7th Funding Programme (FP7) European Network for Cancer Research in Children and Adolescents programme (ENCCA), a specific European Network for Teenagers and Young Adults with Cancer has held a series of scientific meetings, including professionals, patients and caregivers. This group has proposed unanswered research questions and agreed key features of a high-quality service that can improve outcomes for TYA with cancer, including the primacy of collaboration between adult and paediatric services to eliminate the gap in the management of TYA with cancer.