USING THE SODA SCALE TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEUROLOGICAL SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPY ON IMPROVING LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN POST-STROKE PATIENTS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Assess the impact of neurological SLA on improvement of language functions in post-stroke patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study covered a total of 82 patients aged 40-80, of both sexes, with stroke-induced cognitive deficits. They were in-patients of the Clinic Of Rehabilitation And Physical Medicine of the "WAM" Teaching Hospital in Lódz. The study comprised two groups. The study group consisted of post-stroke patients with aphasia, who were referred to four-week comprehensive program of neurological SLA therapy earlier (about a month) after experiencing stroke. The group comprised 44 patients. Six months after the stroke, the patients underwent another four weeks of neurological SLA. The control group consisted of post-stroke patients with aphasia. The group comprised 38 patients. The four-week neurological SLA therapy was applied more than six months after stroke ("late therapy"). The patients were ascribed to the groups randomly. Language abilities were evaluated with the Aphasia Dynamics Assessment Scale (Polish: Skala Oceny Dynamiki Afazji, abbrev. SODA). RESULTS: Results: The study showed that neurological SLA helped patients in both the study and control group to significantly regain their language functions. However, greater improvement was found in the study group, which underwent neurological SLA twice, which proves that duration of the therapeutic process is an important factor. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: neurological SLA was beneficial for both groups, regardless of the time that elapsed between stroke and start of the therapy. neurological SLA therapy allowed patients to restore part of their language functions, both in the study and control group. The sooner neurological SLA is implemented and the longer its duration, the more beneficial it is to patients.

OVERVIEW OF WELLNESS METHODS FOR PEOPLE PRACTICING SPORTS.

The term "wellness" embraces a wide spectrum of methods that impact the human body by restoring its capabilities and functions, which were previously depleted as a result of increased physical and mental activities such, i.e. sport. Judging by the number of amateur, semi-professional, and professional sporting events at local and national levels, societies consider sports a major part of their everyday lives. A growing percentage of the population is exposing their bodies to various strains, which may result in fatigue, overtraining and injuries, and so the market demand for recovery-related services is on the rise. Therefore, this paper is an overview of the most important and the latest wellness systems and methods applied in today's sport. They divide into three areas: pedagogical, psychological and medical-biological. Among the most popular treatments are: light radiation with infrared rays, cryotherapy, electrotherapy, magnetotherapy, ultrasound and laser therapy, as well as a sauna, paraffin compress, mud compress and brine baths. In a broader context, the paper also acknowledges the growing demand for better body recovery methods and the latest developments in the field of sport physiotherapy.

Polyphenols in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases / Polifenole w leczeniu nieswoistych chorób zapalnych jelit.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic diseases. The exact etiology of IBD is not well elucidated, however it is defined as a multifactorial disease. In addition, IBD carries the risk of serious complications and increases the risk of colorectal cancer. Also, in recent years, an increased rate of IBD cases has been noted. So far, there is no effective and well-defined therapy for IBD, and currently available drugs mainly provide symptomatic treatment. Unfortunately, conventional treatment does not always bring the expected benefits, moreover, it is often associated with unpleasant side effects. Currently, some research have been focused on unconventional forms of IBD treatment, testing therapies based on natural products. Individual polyphenols, as well as polyphenol-rich preparations and extracts are also valuable in IBD treatment through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and bactericidal activity. Moreover, described here results of clinical trials suggest that polyphenols can alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence of IBD.

[An assessment of the effectiveness of comprehensive neurorehabilitation in patients after ischemic stroke].

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Comprehensive rehabilitation after stroke is to help the patient recover optimal physical and mental condition. The multidirectional approach to the patient implemented by a multidisciplinary team: physicians, physiotherapists, neurologopedians and neuropsychologists allows the best use of the patient's potential. The aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive neurological rehabilitation of patients after ischemic stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The 90 patients after ischemic stroke were examined. The first examined group (45 people) consisted of patients rehabilitated at the Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine of the WAM University Hospital in Lodz. The second examined group number (45 people) consisted of patients waiting for admission to the Department of Rehabilitation, who were rehabilitated in environmental conditions. The patients were examined twice: first before the rehabilitation (study I) and then at the end of rehabilitation program (study II). The ADL Index by Barthel was used to assess the functional status of the patients. In addition, speech disorders (SODA scale) and emotional state (Beck Depression Scale) were assessed in patients. RESULTS: Results: Both individuals after stroke rehabilitated in hospital and those rehabilitated in environmental conditions achieved a significant improvement in activities of daily living and improvement in speech - symptoms of aphasia were withdrawn. However, only stroke patients rehabilitated in hospital conditions achieved a significant improvement in the emotional state. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Stroke patients rehabilitated in hospital conditions have significantly improved their functional status and emotional state compared to patients rehabilitated in environmental conditions.

Polish experience in nutrition support in children.

Organization of enteral nutrition programme in Poland has developed rapidly in the last years, however, the underdiagnosis and late diagnosis of malnutrition are still the major challenges. For those children who are unable to tolerate enteral diet, intravenous support is required. Main achievements in our parenteral nutrition programme (PN) consist in decreasing septic complication rate and introducting fish oil based emulsions for prevention of PN-related liver disease. The challenge to combat in the future comprises development of a network of nutritional centres covering the whole country, which will take care of patients requiring nutrition support. The Children's Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw will remain the reference centre for the management of the most complicated cases. The organization of postgraduate courses should lead to continuous reduction of nutrition related complications rate. The important problem remains the relatively low number of patients weaned off PN. The widespread introduction of intestine rehabilitation programme is essential to improve this issue.

[Prevention of osteopenia in premature infants]. / Zapobieganie osteopenii u wczesniaków.

Proposition of recommendations for prevention of osteopenia in premature infants is presented in this article. In parenteral nutrition in premature infants calcium and phosphorus should be supplemented early in a dose of 80-100 mg/kg/24 h (2-2.5 mmol/kg/24 h) and 43-63 mg/kg/24 h (1.4-2 mmol/kg/24 h) respectively. In enteral nutrition calcium and phosphorus should be supplemented in a dose 90-150 mg/kg/24 h (2.25-3.7 mmol/kg/24 h), and: 45-80 mg/kg/24 h (1.5-2.6 mmol/kg) respectively. Breast milk fortifier is recommended up to the corrected age of 40 Hbd and in case of growth retarded infants - up to 52 Hbd. Vitamin D should be supplemented in a dose of 400-800 IU, particularly in breast fed infants. Vitamin content in formula or fortifier must be taken into account. Active metabolites of vitamin D are not recommended. Physical activities, together with appropriate mineral, protein and energy intake may decrease the risk of osteopenia. Laboratory assessment of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis is recommended every 2 weeks, from 6(th) week of life.

[Treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux in children and premature infants]. / Leczenie refluksu zoladkowo-przelykowego u dzieci i noworodków urodzonych przedwczesnie.

Gastroesophageal reflux is a common problem in the paediatric population, which affects especially infants, neonates and preterm infants. Usually the course is benign, but it can also be a cause of severe complications and acute life threatening events. In this paper diagnostic methods are presented and a systematic literature review of treatment options is given. Current recommendations are proposed according to the results of this review.