Cancer antigen 153: A risk factor for ocular metastases in patients with breast cancer.

Ocular metastasis (OM) in breast cancer (BC) always predicts poor prognosis. The present study explored differences in tumor markers in patients with BC with and without OM, and attempted to determine risk factors for OM in patients with BC. This study involved 629 patients with BC. Patients' clinical features were tested using χ2 test, unpaired Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U. These parameters were analyzed using binary logistic regression to obtain risk factors for OM. A receiver operating characteristic curve was then established to determine the diagnostic value for OM. There were no significant differences in age, sex, menopausal state, and pathological type between the two groups. Significantly more axillary lymph node metastases were observed in the OM group compared with the non-ocular metastases group. Cancer antigen 153 (CA153) was revealed to be a significant independent risk factor for OM in patients with BC. The cutoff CA153 value for diagnosis of OM was 43.00 u/ml, the sensitivity was 96.15% and the specificity was 96.02%. In conclusion, CA153 was demonstrated to be a risk factor for OM in patients with BC. High levels of CA153 were associated with OM in patients with BC.

VEGFA may be a potential marker of myopic choroidal thickness and vascular density changes.

To evaluate the changes of choroidal thickness (CT) and blood flow related to myopia, and its effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) on choroidal vessels in myopia. Subjects were included and divided into emmetropia (EM), non-high myopia (Non-HM) and high myopia (HM) groups. we measured choroidal thickness (CT), choriocapillaris vessel density (VD), and VEGFA content in tears in humans (137 subjects for CT, VD and 84 for tear) and detected the role of VEGFA in the choroid in form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs. Twenty-four guinea pigs were divided into control and FDM groups, and the expression changes of choroidal vessels and VEGFA were observed and compared using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Twenty-one guinea pigs were divided into control, FDM + Vehicle and FDM + Conbercept groups. The changes of diopter, axis length and choroidal vessels after intravitreal injection of Conbercept were observed. There were significant differences in CT and VD among the three groups (p < 0.05). VEGFA levels in tears were significantly lower in the myopic groups, with a decreasing trend from EM to Non-HM to HM. The choroidal vascular area fraction of FDM decreased compared to the control group. FDM guinea pigs exhibited reduced choroidal vasculature and significant downregulation of VEGFA expression. Following intravitreal injection of conbercept, the FDM + Conbercept group showed greater myopia, longer axial length, and lower choroidal vascular area fraction compared to the control group. VEGFA may participate in the regulation of choroidal blood vessels and blood flow in the progression of myopia. The reduction in VEGFA may accelerates the progression of myopia.

Causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines and myopia: an analysis of genetic and observational studies.

Objective: This study aims to explore the causal relationship between inflammatory markers and myopia through the use of bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) and myopia animal models. Methods: The authors utilized data from a comprehensive and publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) for our analysis, which includes 460 536 European ancestry control subjects and 37 362 myopia patients. Utilizing a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis framework, 27 inflammatory markers were investigated as exposure variables with myopia serving as the outcome variable. Nine MR analysis techniques were employed, with inverse-variance weighting (IVW) as the principal MR analysis method. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane's Q test. The identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and outliers linked to myopia was achieved via MR-PRESSO. The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the vitreous of guinea pigs subjected to experimentally induced form-deprivation myopia (FDM) was examined. Results: Elevated concentrations of IL-2 and IL-2ra were found to be associated [IVW estimate odds ratio (OR): 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001-1.005, P=0.001] and strongly associated (IVW estimate OR: 1.002, 95% CI: 1.000-1.003, P=0.049) with an increased risk of myopia, respectively. Conversely, lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (IVW estimate OR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.994-0.999, P=0.002) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (IVW estimate OR: 0.995, 95% CI: 0.994-0.996, P<0.001) were robustly linked to a heightened risk of myopia. IL-2 expression was notably upregulated in the vitreous of guinea pigs with experimentally induced FDM. Conclusions: Elevated levels of inflammatory factors, especially IL-2 and IL-2ra, have a potential causal relationship with myopia susceptibility, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of myopia.

Effect of exogenous calcitriol on myopia development and axial length in guinea pigs with form deprivation myopia.

The annual increase in myopia prevalence poses a significant economic and health challenge. Our study investigated the effect of calcitriol role in myopia by inducing the condition in guinea pigs through form deprivation for four weeks. Untargeted metabolomics methods were used to analyze the differences in metabolites in the vitreous body, and the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the retina was detected. Following form deprivation, the guinea pigs received intraperitoneal injections of calcitriol at different concentrations. We assessed myopia progression using diopter measurements and biometric analysis after four weeks. Results indicated that form deprivation led to a pronounced shift towards myopia, characterized by reduced choroidal and scleral thickness, disorganized collagen fibers, and decreased scleral collagen fiber diameter. Notably, a reduction in calcitriol expression in vitreous body, diminished vitamin D and calcitriol levels in the blood, and decreased VDR protein expression in retinal tissues were observed in myopic guinea pigs. Calcitriol administration effectively slowed myopia progression, preserved choroidal and scleral thickness, and prevented the reduction of scleral collagen fiber diameter. Our findings highlight a significant decrease in calcitriol and VDR expressions in myopic guinea pigs and demonstrate that exogenous calcitriol supplementation can halt myopia development, enhancing choroidal and scleral thickness and scleral collagen fiber diameter.

Thiyl Radical Trapped by Cobalt Catalysis: An Approach to Markovnikov Thiol-Ene Reaction.

In the presence of a thiyl radical species, the catalytic Markovnikov thiol-ene reaction is challenging because it prefers to proceed via a radical pathway, thereby leading to anti-Markovnikov selectivity. In this work, a rare example of thiyl radical engaged in Markovnikov thiol-ene reaction enabled by cobalt catalysis is reported. This protocol features the avoidance of unique oxidants, exclusive regioselectivity, and broad substrate scope. Scalable synthesis and late-stage modification of complex molecules demonstrate the practicability of the protocol.

Targeting scleral remodeling and myopia development in form deprivation myopia through inhibition of EFEMP1 expression.

The role of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in the axial elongation associated with myopia has not been fully elucidated, although it is considered a significant factor. EFEMP1, a regulator of ECM, has been associated with various pathological conditions. This study aimed to examine the involvement of EFEMP1 in scleral remodeling during form deprivation myopia. The results indicate a progressive increase in EFEMP1 expression following prolonged form deprivation treatment, followed by a subsequent decrease upon recovery. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism of EFEMP1, we conducted transcriptome sequencing on primary scleral fibroblasts that were subjected to lentivirus-mediated overexpression of EFEMP1. Validation was performed using lentivirus-induced overexpression and shRNA targeting EFEMP1 in combination with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Our findings suggest that EFEMP1 may be involved in the development of FDM by regulating the expression of the PI3K/AKT/MMP2 axis. The AAV-mediated injection of shEFEMP1 under Tenon's capsule in guinea pigs was observed to effectively delay the progression of myopia and posterior scleral remodeling. In contrast, the AAV-mediated overexpression of EFEMP1 exacerbated the development of myopia and resulted in further thinning of collagen fibers in the posterior sclera. In summary, adjusting EFEMP1 concentrations could potentially serve as a viable approach to prevent and treat myopia by influencing the remodeling process of the posterior sclera.

Altered brain network centrality in patients with orbital fracture: A resting­state functional MRI study.

The present study aimed to investigate potential functional network brain-activity abnormalities in individuals with orbital fracture (OF) using the voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) technique. The present study included 20 patients with OF (12 males and 8 females) and 20 healthy controls (HC; 12 males and 8 females), who were matched for gender, age and educational attainment. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the resting state has been widely applied in several fields. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to distinguish between patients with OF and HCs. In addition, correlation analyses were performed between behavioral performance and average DC values in various locations. The DC technique was used to assess unprompted brain activity. Right cerebellum 9 region (Cerebelum_9_R) and left cerebellar peduncle 2 area (Cerebelum_Crus2_L) DC values of patients with OF were increased compared with those in HCs. Cerebelum_9_R and Cerebelum_Crus2_L had area under the ROC curve values of 0.983 and 1.000, respectively. Patients with OF appear to have several brain regions that exhibited aberrant brain network characteristics, which raises the possibility of neuropathic causes and offers novel therapeutic options.

Ocular microvascular alteration in Sjögren's syndrome treated with hydroxychloroquine: an OCTA clinical study.

Background: Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a rare autoimmune disease, and despite our knowledge of SjS, we still lack effective treatments. Chloroquine drugs used to treat autoimmune diseases are still the primary medicine for SjS but increase the risk of chloroquine retinopathy. Objectives: The objective of this study is to use Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) images to monitor the microvascular changes in the fundus of SjS patients after hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment and the feasibility of using them as diagnostic indicators. Design: This is a retrospective observational cohort study. Methods: Twelve healthy controls (HCs group; 24 eyes), 12 SjS patients (SjS group; 24 eyes), and 12 SjS patients treated with HCQ (HCQ group; 24 eyes) were recruited. Three-dimensional OCTA images of the retina were collected, and microvascular density was calculated for each eye. OCTA image segmentation for analysis was conducted using the central wheel division method (C1-C6), hemisphere segmentation method (SR, SL, IL, and IR), and the early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study method (ETDRS) (R, S, L, and I). Results: Retinal microvascular density was significantly lower in the SjS patients compared to the HCs group (p < 0.05) and much lower in the HCQ group compared to the SjS patients (p < 0.05). The SjS and HCQ groups differed in the I, R, SR, IL, and IR regions in the superficial and deep retina and the S region in the superficial retina. The ROC curves of the relationship between the HCs and SjS groups and between the SjS and HCQ groups demonstrated good classification accuracy. Conclusion: HCQ may contribute significantly to the microvascular alteration in SjS. Microvascular alteration is a potential marker with adjunctive diagnostic value. The MIR and the OCTA images of I, IR, and C1 regions showed high accuracy in minoring the alteration.

Building a cobaloxime-based metal-organic framework for photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of arylboronic acids to phenols.

Herein, the design and synthesis of an unprecedented cobaloxime-based zirconium metal-organic framework (Zr-TCPCo) with an she net is reported. This heterogeneous material as a photocatalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity for aerobic oxidation of arylboronic acids to phenols. Recycling experiments demonstrate the stability and reusability of Zr-TCPCo as a robust catalyst.

The Predictive Value of CA-125 and Hb for Ocular Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of ocular metastasis (OM) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by analyzing the demographic characteristics and serum markers. Methods: From July 2002 to December 2012, 1064 HCC patients were included in our study. The chi-squared test and Student's t-test were used to assess the difference between OM and any other metastasis (NOM). Receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic value of serum biomarkers in HCC patients with OM. Results: The incidence of OM in HCC patients was 1.88% in our research. There are no significant differences in age, gender, or histopathology in the OM group and the group without any metastasis. Binary logistic regression analysis presented that compared with the patients without cancer metastasis, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) and hemoglobin (Hb) were risk factors in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with OM (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the CA-125, Hb, and CA125+Hb curves were 0.877, 0.554, and 0.431, and the cutoff values of CA-125 and Hb each were 115.78 u/mL and 120.50 g/L. Conclusion: Our data suggest that CA-125 and Hb are risk indicators in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with OM, and that CA-125+Hb has potentially greater utility in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma.

Retinal microvasculature alteration in patients with systemic sclerosis and chloroquine treatment.

Background: Retinal vascular abnormality is an important part of ocular systemic sclerosis (SSc), and long-term use of chloroquine can lead to retinal toxicity. This study was conducted to evaluate retinal microvascular changes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with SSc and SSc patients on long-term chloroquine treatment. Methods: Fifteen SSc patients without chloroquine (30 eyes), 15 SSc patients taking long-term chloroquine (30 eyes) and 15 healthy controls (30 eyes) were recruited to this cross-sectional study. OCTA was used to examine the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus in the macular retina of each eye. The densities of microvessels (MIR), macrovessels (MAR) and total microvessels (TMI) in the superficial and deep retina of the three groups were calculated and compared. We used the hemisphere segmentation method [superior right (SR), superior left (SL), inferior left (IL), and inferior right (IR)] and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method [right (R), superior (S), left (L), and inferior (I)] to analyze changes in retinal microvascular density. Results: The superficial and deep retinal MIR density in SSc patients decreased (P<0.05) compared with the healthy control group. This significant difference was found in both superficial and deep layers in S, L, SR, SL and IL regions (P<0.05), and additionally in the R and I regions in the superficial layer (P<0.05). Similarly, compared with SSc patients who did not take chloroquine, the superficial and deep retinal MIR density of SSc patients on long-term chloroquine also decreased (P<0.05). This significant difference was found in both superficial and deep layers in R, I and IL regions (P<0.05), and additionally in the IR region in the superficial layer (P<0.05). Conclusions: The OCTA results suggest that retinal MIR density is decreased in SSc patients, and that long-term use of chloroquine will aggravate this damage, resulting in a further decrease in retinal MIR density.

Altered regional homogeneity of spontaneous brain activity in patients with toothache: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Toothache (TA) is a common and severe pain, but its effects on the brain are somewhat unclear. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare regional homogeneity (ReHo) between TA patients and a normal control group and to explore the brain activity changes during TA, establishing the theoretical basis for the mechanism of neuropathic pain. In total, 20 TA patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent assessment of pain, and then resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). The ReHo method was used to analyze the original whole-brain images. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between mean ReHo values in each brain region and clinical symptoms, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to conduct correlation analysis on the brain regions studied. The ReHo values of the right lingual gyrus (RLG), right superior occipital gyrus (RSOG), left middle occipital gyrus (LMOG) and right postcentral gyrus (RPG) in the TA group were significantly higher than in HCs. The mean ReHo values in the RLG were positively correlated with the anxiety score (AS) (r = 0.723, p < 0.001), depression score (DS) (r = 0.850, p < 0.001) and visual analogue score (VAS) (r = 0.837, p < 0.001). The mean ReHo values of RSOG were also positively correlated with AS (r = 0.687, p = 0.001), DS (r = 0.661, p = 0.002) and VAS (r = 0.712, p < 0.001). The areas under the ROC curve of specific brain area ReHo values were as follows: RLG, 0.975; RSOG, 0.959; LMOG, 0.975; RPG, 1.000. Various degrees of brain activity changes reflected by ReHo values in different areas of the brain indicate the impact of TA on brain function. These findings may reveal related neural mechanisms underlying TA.

Detection of Abnormal Spontaneous Brain Activity Patterns in Patients With Orbital Fractures Using Fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation.

Background: To date, no in-depth study has been conducted on the intrinsic pathological relationship between altered brain activity and related behavioral changes in patients with orbital fracture (OF). Purpose: The present research aimed to explore the potential functional network cerebrum activities in patients with OF using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging-fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (rsfMRI-fALFF). This technique can reveal dynamic functional changes in specific cerebrum areas. Methods: Twenty patients with OF and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were included, closely matched in terms of gender, age, weight, and education level. To record spontaneous cerebral activity changes, the rsfMRI-fALFF tool was applied. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Pearson's correlation analysis were used to analyze mean fALFF values in specific cerebrum regions and to explore changes of behavioral changes in patients with OF. The Hospital Depression and Anxiety scale was applied to reveal the relationship between emotional states and fALFF values of the right superior temporal gyrus in patients with OF. Results: In comparison with HCs, significantly lower fALFF values were detected in the left anterior cingulate gyrus (LACG) and right superior temporal gyrus (RSTG) in patients with OF. ROC curve analysis showed excellent accuracy. The mean fALFF values of the RSTG negatively correlated with the depression score as well as the anxiety score. Conclusion: The finding of abnormal spontaneous activities in cerebral regions may contribute to more comprehensive understanding of the potential neural network changes in patients with OF. The changes of fALFF value in patients with OF may help to gauge their emotional changes and clinical recovery levels.

Abnormal Fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation Changes in Patients With Dry Eye Disease: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Purpose: To investigate spontaneous brain activity in patients with dry eye (DE) and healthy control (HC) using the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) technique with the aim of elucidating the relationship between the clinical symptoms of DE and changes in brain function. Material and Methods: A total of 28 patients with DE and 28 matched healthy volunteers (10 males and 18 females in each group) were enrolled. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed in both groups. Then all subjects were required to complete a comprehensive Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the differences in fALFF values between the two groups and their diagnostic value. Linear correlations between HADS and fALFF values in different brain regions of DE patients were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Patients with DE had significantly higher fALFF values in the left calcarine sulcus (CS) than the HC group, while fALFF values in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and right MFG/right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were significantly lower in DE patients than in HC group. fALFF values had a high diagnostic value for differentiating patients with DE from the HC group (P < 0.001). Right MFG and right MFG/IFG were significantly correlated with HADS values. Conclusion: Our study found that DE mainly involved functional disorders in the brain areas of the left CS, bilateral MFG and right MFG/right IFG, which helped us to find possible clinical features of DE disease and reflected the potential pathological mechanism of DE.

Neuron-Specific Enolase and Hemoglobin as Risk Factors of Intraocular Metastasis in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) appears to be a high risk of spread. This research investigated the correlation between a different range of clinical features and intraocular metastasis (IOM) in RCC patients and attempted to determine potential risk factors of RCC patients with IOM. In the study, there are a total of 351 patients with RCC that were recruited between May 1994 and May 2016. The differences between RCC patients with IOM and RCC patients with non-IOM (NIOM) were evaluated by the chi-squared test and Student t test. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to determine risk factors. Finally, the value of diagnosis for RCC patients with IOM was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Eighteen individuals were identified with IOM. There were no significant differences that were detected in alkaline phosphatase (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), cancer antigen 153 (CA-153), cancer antigen 199 (CA-199), calcium, age, primary tumor site, and histopathological subtypes between the two groups. But there was a difference in terms of gender (P < 0.05). The IOM group exhibited significantly higher neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and lower hemoglobin (Hb) values compared to the NIOM group (P < 0.05, respectively). Binary logistic regression identified NSE and Hb as significant risk factors of IOM for RCC patient (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) values of NSE and Hb were 0.694 and 0.749, while cut-off values were 49.5 ng/mL and 102.5 g/L, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of NSE were 72.2% and 66.4%, respectively, while those of Hb were 72.2% and 74.2%, respectively. The result reveals that NSE and Hb represent promising significant risk factors of IOM for RCC patients. Notably, Hb is more reliable than NSE in distinguishing case of IOM from NIOM in patients with RCC.

Altered Brain Activity in Patients With Comitant Strabismus Detected by Analysis of the Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study.

More and more studies showed that strabismus is not simply an ocular disease, but a neuro-ophthalmology disease. To analyze potential changes in brain activity and their relationship to behavioral performance in comitant strabismus patients and healthy controls. Our study recruited 28 patients with comitant strabismus and 28 people with matched weight, age range, and sex ratio as healthy controls. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated fALFF to compare spontaneous brain activity between comitant strabismus and healthy controls. We did hospital anxiety and depression scale questionnaires for these patients. We found significantly lower fALFF value in comitant strabismus patients compared with controls in the left frontal superior medial gyrus and the right middle cingulum. In the latter region, fALFF was significantly negatively correlated with the hospital anxiety and depression scale, as well as the duration of disease. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the fALFF method has clear potential for the diagnosis of comitant strabismus patients. These results revealed abnormal spontaneous activity in two brain regions of comitant strabismus patients, which may indicate underlying pathologic mechanisms and may help to advance clinical treatment.

Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity Patterns in Children With Strabismic Amblyopia After Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated altered brain activity in strabismic amblyopia (SA). In this study, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied in children with strabismic amblyopia after they had undergone strabismus surgery. The effect of rTMS was investigated by measuring the changes of brain features using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF). Materials and Methods: In this study, 21 SA patients (12 males and 9 females) were recruited based on their age (7-13 years old), weight, and sex. They all had SA in their left eyes and they received rTMS treatment one month after strabismus surgery. Their vision before and after surgery were categorized as pre-rTMS (PRT) and post-rTMS (POT). All participants received rTMS treatment, underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and their data were analyzed using the repeated measures t-test. The team used correlation analysis to explore the relationship between logMAR visual acuity and ALFF. Results: Pre- versus post-rTMS values of ALFF were significantly different within individuals. In the POT group, ALFF values were significantly decreased in the Angular_R (AR), Parietal_Inf_L (PIL), and Cingulum_Mid_R (CMR) while ALFF values were significantly increased in the Fusiform_R (FR) and Frontal_Inf_Orb_L(FIL) compared to the PRT stage. Conclusion: Our data showed that ALFF recorded from some brain regions was changed significantly after rTMS in strabismic amblyopes. The results may infer the pathological basis of SA and demonstrate that visual function may be improved using rTMS in strabismic amblyopic patients.

Functional Connectivity Hypointensity of Middle Cingulate Gyrus and Thalamus in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Objective: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes visual damage and blindness globally. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in functional connectivity (FC) in AMD patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Subjects and Methods: A total of 23 patients (12 male, 11 female) with AMD were enrolled to the AMD patients group (AMDs), and 17 healthy age-, sex-, and education-matched controls (9 male, 8 female) to the healthy controls group (HCs). All participants underwent rs-fMRI and mean FC values were compared between the two groups. Results: Significantly higher FC values were found in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), rectal gyrus (RTG), and superior parietal lobule (SPL) in AMDs compared with HCs. Conversely, FC values in the cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL), middle cingulate gyrus (MCG), medulla (MDL), cerebellum anterior lobe (CAL), and thalamus (TLM) were significantly lower in AMDs than in HCs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated FC abnormalities in many specific cerebral regions in AMD patients, and may provide new insights for exploration of potential pathophysiological mechanism of AMD-induced functional cerebral changes.