Comparative efficacy and safety of ciprofol, propofol, and propofol and etomidate mixture, and ciprofol and etomidate mixture in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy: A randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: To compare the efficacy and safety of ciprofol, propofol, propofol and etomidate mixture or ciprofol and etomidate mixture in patients undergoing painless gastroscopic anesthesia, and to explore the optimal plan to relieve the patient's discomfort. METHODS: A total of 120 patients scheduled for painless gastroscopy were randomly assigned to 4 groups: propofol (Group P), ciprofol (Group C), propofol-etomidate mixture (Group P-E), and ciprofol-etomidate mixture (Group C-E). The success rate of gastroscopy examination, patient satisfaction, incidence of injection pain, hemodynamic parameters, induction time, procedure time, the consumption of drugs, awakening time, and incidence of adverse events were evaluated. RESULTS: All patients in the study successfully completed the gastroscopy. The satisfaction of patients in Group C-E was significantly higher than that in Group P (P < .05), but there was no statistical significance in the patient satisfaction among the other groups. Compared with Group P, the incidence of injection pain in Groups C and C-E significantly decreased (P < .05). There were no significant differences in the SBP, diastolic blood pressure, HR, and SpO2 among the 4 groups (P > .05). The awakening time of Group C was significantly longer than that of Groups P and P-E (P < .05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the awakening time of other groups. CONCLUSION: Ciprofol demonstrated efficacy in inducing sedation or anesthesia during painless gastroscopy that was similar to propofol, while exhibiting a comparable safety profile. Moreover, the combination of propofol and etomidate, as well as the combination of ciprofol and etomidate, were both shown to be equally safe and effective for this clinical application. These findings suggest that ciprofol can be considered as a safe and effective alternative for painless gastroscopy, and the ciprofol-etomidate mixture may be a better choice.

Exploring core symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in alcohol use disorder patients: a network analysis approach.

Background: Understanding the interplay between psychopathology of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients may improve the effectiveness of relapse interventions for AUD. Network theory of mental disorders assumes that mental disorders persist not of a common functional disorder, but from a sustained feedback loop between symptoms, thereby explaining the persistence of AWS and the high relapse rate of AUD. The current study aims to establish a network of AWS, identify its core symptoms and find the bridges between the symptoms which are intervention target to relieve the AWS and break the self-maintaining cycle of AUD. Methods: Graphical lasso network were constructed using psychological symptoms of 553 AUD patients. Global network structure, centrality indices, cluster coefficient, and bridge symptom were used to identify the core symptoms of the AWS network and the transmission pathways between different symptom clusters. Results: The results revealed that: (1) AWS constitutes a stable symptom network with a stability coefficient (CS) of 0.21-0.75. (2) Anger (Strength = 1.52) and hostility (Strength = 0.84) emerged as the core symptom in the AWS network with the highest centrality and low clustering coefficient. (3) Hostility mediates aggression and anxiety; anger mediates aggression and impulsivity in AWS network respectively. Conclusions: Anger and hostility may be considered the best intervention targets for researching and treating AWS. Hostility and anxiety, anger and impulsiveness are independent but related dimensions, suggesting that different neurobiological bases may be involved in withdrawal symptoms, which play a similar role in withdrawal syndrome.

Prognostic Value of Insulin Growth Factor-Like Receptor 1 (IGFLR1) in Stage II and III Colorectal Cancer and Its Association with Immune Cell Infiltration.

IGFLR1 is a novel biomarker, and some evidences suggested that is involved in the immune microenvironment of CRC. Here, we explored the expression of IGFLR1 and its association with the prognosis as well as immune cell infiltration in CRC, with the aim to provide a basis for further studies on IGFLR1. Immunohistochemical staining for IGFLR1, TIM-3, FOXP3, CD4, CD8, and PD-1 was performed in eligible tissues to analyze the expression of IGFLR1 and its association with prognosis and immune cell infiltration. Then, we screened colon cancer samples from TCGA and grouped patients according to IGFLR1-related genes. We also evaluated the co-expression and immune-related pathways of IGFLR1 to identify the potential mechanism of it in CRC. When P < 0.05, the results were considered statistically significant. IGFLR1 and IGFLR1-related genes were associated with the prognosis and immune cell infiltration (P < 0.05). In stage II and III CRC tissue and normal tissue, we found (1) IGFLR1 was expressed in both the cell membrane and cytoplasm and which was differentially expressed between cancer tissue and normal tissue. IGFLR1 expression was associated with the expression of FOXP3, CD8, and gender but was not associated with microsatellite instability. (2) IGFLR1 was an independent prognostic factor and patients with high IGFLR1 had a better prognosis. (3) A model including IGFLR1, FOXP3, PD-1, and CD4 showed good prognostic stratification ability. (4) There was a significant interaction between IGFLR1 and GATA3, and IGFLR1 had a significant co-expression with related factors in the INFR pathway. IGFLR1 has emerged as a new molecule related to disease prognosis and immune cell infiltration in CRC patients and showed a good ability to predict the prognosis of patients.

Identification and Evaluation of qRT-PCR Reference Genes in Melanaphis sacchari.

Appropriate reference genes must be selected for accurate qRT-PCR data to conduct a thorough gene expression analysis in the sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sacchari, Hemiptera, Aphididae). This approach will establish a foundation for gene expression analysis and determines the efficacy of RNA interference in the sorghum aphid. Nine potential reference genes, including Actin, 18S, GAPDH, RPL7, EF-1α, EF-1ß, 28S, HSP70, and TATA, were assessed under various experimental conditions to gauge their suitability based on qRT-PCR Ct values. The stability of these candidate reference genes in diverse experimental setups was analyzed employing several techniques, including the ΔCt comparative method, geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. The findings revealed that the quantity of ideal reference genes ascertained by the geNorm method for diverse experimental conditions remained consistent. For the developmental stages of the sorghum aphid, RPL7 and 18S proved to be the most dependable reference genes, whereas GAPDH and EF-1ß were recommended as the most stable reference genes for different tissues. In experiments involving wing dimorphism, EF-1α and GAPDH were identified as the optimal reference gene pair. Under varying temperatures, EF-1α and EF-1ß were found to be the most dependable gene pair. For studies focusing on insecticide susceptibility, 18S and TATA emerged as the most stable candidate reference genes. Across all experimental conditions, EF-1α and EF-1ß was the optimal combination of reference genes in the sorghum aphid. This research has pinpointed stable reference genes that can be utilized across various treatments, thereby enhancing gene expression studies and functional genomics research on the sorghum aphid.

Linkages between childhood emotional maltreatment and adulthood marital attitudes among rural first-generation college students in China: A latent profile analysis and multigroup comparisons.

BACKGROUND: Although there is a wealth of evidence indicating the enduring consequences of childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) on social and relational functioning across life stages, little known about how CEM affects marital attitudes in emerging adulthood, particularly among rural first-generation college students (rural FGCS) at the critical stage of developing romantic relationships. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether differential patterns of CEM existed among rural FGCS in China during emerging adulthood. Furthermore, the study aims to examine the potential differences in the chain mediating role of CEM on the pathway to adulthood marital attitudes across different CEM profiles. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Using a cluster sampling approach, a total of 3848 rural first-generation college freshmen (males = 39.2 %, mean age = 18.42 years) were recruited from three universities in China. METHODS: Latent profile analysis was utilized to identify potential patterns of CEM using Mplus version 7.4. Structural equation modeling and multigroup comparisons were then performed to investigate the association between CEM and attitudes towards marriage in emerging adulthood, utilizing AMOS 24.0. RESULTS: Three profiles of CEM was identified among rural FGCS: a low-CEM group (51.87 %), a moderate-CEM group (36.69 %), and a severe-CEM group (11.44 %). The association between CEM and adulthood marital attitudes was mediated by core self-evaluation and meaning in life. However, the mediation effects varied across the three CEM profiles. In the low-CEM group, core self-evaluation and meaning in life were observed to partially mediate the negative association between CEM and adulthood marital attitudes. On the other hand, in the moderate-CEM and severe-CEM groups, the relationship between CEM and adulthood marital attitudes was fully mediated by core self-evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The study's findings suggest that CEM is a significant predictor of marital attitudes among rural FGCS during emerging adulthood, with the severity of emotional neglect and abuse being the primary distinguishing factor between different CEM profiles. Core self-evaluation plays an important role in this relationship. Future clinical interventions could benefit from focusing on enhancing core self-evaluation and meaning in life, particularly for those with CEM experiences.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Nitric Oxide Synthase is a Potential Mediator Between Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Sleep Disorders.

Objective: Cigarette smoking and low peripheral nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels are strongly associated with sleep disorders. However, whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NOS relates to sleep disorders and whether CSF NOS mediates the relationship between cigarette smoking and sleep disorders is unclear. Methods: We measured CSF levels of total NOS (tNOS) and its isoforms (inducible NOS [iNOS] and constitutive NOS [cNOS]) in 191 Chinese male subjects. We applied the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: The PSQI scores of active smokers were significantly higher than those of non-smokers, while CSF tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS were significantly lower (all p < 0.001). CSF tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS were negatively associated with PSQI scores in the general population (all p < 0.001). Mediation analysis suggested that CSF tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS mediate the relationship between smoking and PSQI scores, and the indirect effect accounted for 78.93%, 66.29%, and 81.65% of the total effect, respectively. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking is associated with sleep disorders. Active smokers had significantly lower CSF levels of tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS. Furthermore, tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS mediate the relationship between cigarette smoking and sleep quality. This study provides insights into how cigarette smoke affects sleep disorders.

Cerebrospinal fluid mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor: A moderating effect on sleep time and cognitive function.

BACKGROUND: Sleeping late has been associated with cognitive impairment, and insufficient sleep can affect the secretion of feeding-related cytokines. Feeding-related cytokines may contribute to cognitive deficits resulting from delayed bedtime. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), which are feeding-related neurotrophic factors, have been associated with improved cognitive function and neuroprotective abilities. Enhanced expression of GDNF and MANF is linked to increased energy expenditure and hyperphagia, respectively. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) GDNF, MANF, cognition, and sleep time and to explore the moderating effects of GDNF and MANF on cognitive impairment in individuals who sleep late. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included participants (mean age 31.76 ± 10.22 years) who were categorized as ≤23 o'clock sleepers (n = 66) and >23 o'clock sleepers (n = 125) based on sleep time. Cognition was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and GDNF and MANF levels in CSF were measured. RESULTS: MANF may play a moderating role in the relationship between sleep time and cognition (R2 = 0.06, ß = 0.59, p = 0.031). Age showed a negative correlation with MoCA scores (R2 = 0.08, ß = -0.18), while education exhibited a positive correlation (ß = 0.17, both p < 0.05). Only ≤23 o'clock sleepers exhibited a negative correlation between MANF levels and BMI (r = -0.35, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides hitherto undocumented evidence of the potential protective effect of CSF MANF on cognitive impairment of late sleepers, which suggests that maintaining a regular sleep schedule may contribute to cognition and overall health, with MANF playing a role in this process.

ANK3 rs10994336 and ZNF804A rs7597593 polymorphisms: genetic interaction for emotional and behavioral symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a complex condition associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD), characterized by significant variations in symptom severity among patients. The psychological and emotional symptoms accompanying AWS significantly contribute to withdrawal distress and relapse risk. Despite the importance of neural adaptation processes in AWS, limited genetic investigations have been conducted. This study primarily focuses on exploring the single and interaction effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the ANK3 and ZNF804A genes on anxiety and aggression severity manifested in AWS. By examining genetic associations with withdrawal-related psychopathology, we ultimately aim to advance understanding the genetic underpinnings that modulate AWS severity. METHODS: The study involved 449 male patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) were used to assess emotional and behavioral symptoms related to AWS. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and genotyping was performed using PCR. RESULTS: Single-gene analysis revealed that naturally occurring allelic variants in ANK3 rs10994336 (CC homozygous vs. T allele carriers) were associated with mood and behavioral symptoms related to AWS. Furthermore, the interaction between ANK3 and ZNF804A was significantly associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms related to AWS, as indicated by MANOVA. Two-way ANOVA further demonstrated a significant interaction effect between ANK3 rs10994336 and ZNF804A rs7597593 on anxiety, physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. Hierarchical regression analyses confirmed these findings. Additionally, simple effects analysis and multiple comparisons revealed that carriers of the ANK3 rs10994336 T allele experienced more severe AWS, while the ZNF804A rs7597593 T allele appeared to provide protection against the risk associated with the ANK3 rs10994336 mutation. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the gene-gene interaction between ANK3 and ZNF804A, which plays a crucial role in modulating emotional and behavioral symptoms related to AWS. The ANK3 rs10994336 T allele is identified as a risk allele, while the ZNF804A rs7597593 T allele offers protection against the risk associated with the ANK3 rs10994336 mutation. These findings provide initial support for gene-gene interactions as an explanation for psychiatric risk, offering valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in AWS.

The effects of BDNF rs6265 and FGF21 rs11665896 polymorphisms on alcohol use disorder-related impulsivity in Han Chinese adults.

Introduction: Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often experience repeated withdrawal. Impulsivity is the most relevant factor influencing successful withdrawal. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are associated with impulsivity. Previous studies on the differential effects of BDNF or FGF21 on impulsivity have focused on single-gene effects and have inconsistent results. We aim to investigate the effects of BDNF rs6265 and FGF21 rs11665896, individually and together, on impulsivity during alcohol withdrawal in patients with AUD. Methods: We recruited 482 adult Han Chinese males with AUD and assessed their impulsivity using the Barratt Impulsivity Scale. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped from peripheral blood samples. Statistical analysis was conducted on the data. Results: The T-test and 2 × 2 analysis of variance were used to investigate the effects of the genes on impulsivity. There was a significant BDNF × FGF21 interaction on no-planning impulsiveness (F = 9.15, p = 0.003, η2p = 0.03). Simple main effects analyses and planned comparisons showed that BDNF rs6265 A allele × FGF21 rs11665896 T allele was associated with higher no-planning impulsiveness. Finally, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that only the interaction of BDNF and FGF21 accounted for a significant portion of the variance in no-planning impulsiveness. Conclusion and significance: The combination of BDNF rs6265 A allele and FGF21 rs11665896 T allele may increase impulsivity and discourage alcohol withdrawal. Our study provides a possible genetic explanation for the effects of associated impulsivity in patients with AUD from the perspective of gene-gene interactions.

The positive impact of smoking on poor sleep quality is moderated by IGF1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid: a case-control study among Chinese adults.

Objective: Previous research indicates associations between cigarette smoking, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), and sleep disturbances. This study aimed to examine the association between smoking and sleep quality and investigate the moderating role of IGF1. Methods: This case-control study involved 146 Chinese adult males (53 active smokers and 93 non-smokers) from September 2014 to January 2016. Sleep quality and disturbances were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which includes seven scales. Pearson correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were utilized to examine the link between IGF1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and PSQI scores. The effect of IGF1 was assessed using the moderation effect and simple slope analysis, with adjustments made for potential confounders. Results: Active smokers exhibited significantly higher global PSQI scores and lower IGF1 levels in CSF compared to non-smokers. A significant negative correlation was observed between IGF1 and PSQI scores (â = -0.28, P < 0.001), with a stronger association in non-smokers (Pearson r = -0.30) compared to smokers (Pearson r = -0.01). Smoking was associated with higher global PSQI scores (â = 0.282, P < 0.001), and this association was moderated by IGF1 levels in CSF (â = 0.145, P < 0.05), with a stronger effect at high IGF1 levels (Bsimple = 0.402, p < 0.001) compared to low IGF1 levels (Bsimple = 0.112, p = 0.268). Four subgroup analysis revealed similar results for sleep disturbances (Bsimple = 0.628, P < 0.001), with a marginal moderation effect observed on subjective sleep quality (Bsimple = 0.150, P = 0.070). However, independent associations rather than moderating effects were observed between IGF1 and sleep efficiency and daytime disturbance. Conclusion: We provided evidence to demonstrate the moderation effect of IGF1 on the relationship between smoking and sleep in CSF among Chinese adult males.

Association of impulsive behavior and cerebrospinal fluid/plasma oxidation and antioxidation ratio in Chinese men.

OBJECTIVES: Impulsive behavior is the precursor of many psychiatric and neurological conditions. High levels of impulsive behavior will increase health risk behavior and related injuries. Impulsive behavior is produced and regulated by central and peripheral biological factors, and oxidative stress (OS) can aggravate it. However, previous studies only showed that impulsive behavior was related to the level of the peripheral OS. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the relationship between OS and impulsive behavior in the brain and peripheral blood. METHODS: We recruited 64 Chinese men. We measured superoxide dismutase (SOD) (including copper, zinc and manganese) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (including total, inducible and constitutive) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS-11) was used to evaluate impulsive behavior. The relationship between OS and impulsive behavior was evaluated by partial correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Partial correlation analysis showed that the ratio of total NOS-to-MnSOD and iNOS-to-MnSOD in CSF were negatively correlated with the BIS-11 motor scores (r = -0.431, p = -0.001; r = -0.434, p = -0.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the ratio of CSF iNOS-to-MnSOD was the most influential variable on the BIS-11 motor scores(ß = -0.434, t = -3.433, 95 %CI(-0.374, -0.098), p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The imbalance of central oxidation and antioxidation is related to impulsive behavior, which broadens our understanding of the correlation between impulsive behavior and OS.

Changes in metabolic hormones and trace elements in CSF in active smokers indicate oxidative damage to brain cells.

Objective: This study aimed to reveal associations between metabolic hormones in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and cigarette smoking-induced weight gain and to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods: A total of 156 adult men were included, comprising active smokers and nonsmokers. In addition to demographic information and body mass index (BMI), plasma levels of ApoA1 and ApoB, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase in the participants were measured. Moreover, the metabolic hormones adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), ghrelin, leptin, and orexin A, as well as the trace elements iron and zinc in CSF, were assessed. Results: Compared to nonsmokers, active smokers showed higher BMI, and elevated CSF levels of FGF21, Zn, and Fe, but decreased levels of metabolic hormones adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, and orexin A. Negative correlations existed between CSF FGF21 and ghrelin, between CSF Zn and ghrelin, as well as between CSF Fe and orexin A in active smokers. Furthermore, elevated CSF FGF21 and Zn predicted ghrelin level decrease in the smokers. Conclusion: These data relate smoking-induced weight gain to its neurotoxic effect on the neurons that synthesize metabolic hormones such as adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, or orexin A in the brain, by disrupting mitochondrial function and causing oxidative stress in the neurons.

Genome-wide association study of plant color in Sorghum bicolor.

Introduction: Sorghum plant color is the leaf sheath/leaf color and is associated with seed color, tannin and phenol content, head blight disease incidence, and phytoalexin production. Results: In this study, we evaluated plant color of the sorghum mini core collection by scoring leaf sheath/leaf color at maturity as tan, red, or purple across three testing environments and performed genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) with 6,094,317 SNPs markers. Results and Discussion: Eight loci, one each on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, and 6 and two on chromosomes 5 and 9, were mapped. All loci contained one to three candidate genes. In qPC5-1, Sobic.005G165632 and Sobic.005G165700 were located in the same linkage disequilibrium (LD) block. In qPC6, Sobic.006G149650 and Sobic.006G149700 were located in the different LD block. The single peak in qPC6 covered one gene, Sobic.006G149700, which was a senescence regulator. We found a loose correlation between the degree of linkage and tissue/organ expression of the underlying genes possibly related to the plant color phenotype. Allele analysis indicated that none of the linked SNPs can differentiate between red and purple accessions whereas all linked SNPs can differentiate tan from red/purple accessions. The candidate genes and SNP markers may facilitate the elucidation of plant color development as well as molecular plant breeding.

The mediation effects of nightmares and depression between insomnia and suicidal ideation in young adults.

Suicide is prevalent among young adults, and epidemiological studies indicate that insomnia, nightmares, and depression are significantly associated with a high incidence of suicidal ideation (SI). However, the causal relationship between these factors and SI remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between nightmares and depression and insomnia and SI in young adults, as well as to develop a mediation model to investigate the causal relationship between insomnia, nightmare, depression, and SI. We assessed insomnia, nightmares, depression, and SI in 546 young adults using the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), Disturbing Dream and Nightmare Severity Scale (DDNSI), Depression Study Scale (CESD-20), and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Using the Bootstrap method, the mediation effects of nightmares and depression between insomnia and SI were calculated. The results demonstrated that nightmares and depression fully mediated the relationship between insomnia and SI, including the chain-mediation of insomnia and SI between nightmare and depression with an effect value of 0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.04, and depression as a mediator between insomnia and SI with an effect value of 0.22, 95% CI 0.15-0.29. This study found that depression and nightmares may be risk and predictive factors between insomnia and SI, which implies that the assessment and treatment of depression and the simple or linked effect of nightmares play crucial roles in preventing SI in young adults.

Associations between regular physical exercise and physical, emotional, and cognitive health of older adults in China: an 8-year longitudinal study with propensity score matching.

Background: The importance of healthy aging is growing in China as it has the largest number of older adults in the world and is one of the fastest-aging countries. This study aimed to examine the predictive value of regular physical exercise in relation to the physical, emotional, and cognitive health among samples of adults aged ≥60 years in China during an 8-year period. Methods: A total of 10,691 older adults were extracted from two waves of national data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2010 and 2018. To minimize the impact of selection bias on the findings, a longitudinal propensity score matching (LPSM) method was used to examine the relationships between regular physical exercise and emotional health (depression), between regular physical exercise and physical health (instrumental activities of daily living), and between regular physical exercise and cognitive health (cognitive ability) of older adults. After LPSM, 856 older adults were included in the study. In the regular physical exercise group, the average age of participants at baseline year was 65.67 years, with an average age of 65.90 years for 238 men and 65.45 years for 190 women, and in the non-physical exercise group, their average age at baseline year was 65.70 years, with an average age of 65.45 years for 253 men and 65.98 years for 175 women. Results: LPSM indicated that regular physical exercise has been found to be effective in improving physical function and reducing depressive symptoms in old adults, even after controlling for background differences. However, the sensitivity analysis suggests that the positive association between regular physical exercise and cognitive function may not be sufficiently valid. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that engaging in long-term structured and repetitive physical exercise can have a significant positive effect on reducing depressive symptoms and improving the physical function of older adults. As a result, incorporating regular physical exercise into the lifestyle of older adults is recognized as an effective strategy for promoting healthy aging and reducing the strain on public health resources.

U-shaped relationship between lights-out time and nocturnal oxygen saturation during the first trimester: An analysis based on the nuMOM2b-SDB data.

Objective: Preventing adverse events due to unstable oxygen saturation (SpO2) at night in pregnant women is of utmost importance. Poor sleep has been demonstrated to impact SpO2 levels. Nowadays, many gravida have a habit of prolonged exposure to light before sleep, which can disrupt their sleep. Therefore, this study aimed at investigate the relationship between lights-out time, sleep parameters and SpO2, exploring the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The data of 2881 eligible subjects from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-be and Sleep Disordered Breathing (nuMOM2b-SDB) database were analyzed. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between lights-out time and SpO2. In addition, restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to fit the nonlinear correlation between the two variables. The smoothing curve method was further utilized to depict the relationship between lights-out time and SpO2 based on various subgroup variables. Results: All participants were categorized according to race/ethnicity. A negative correlation was observed between nighttime lights-out time and average value of SpO2 (Avg-SpO2) (ß = -0.05, p = 0.010). RCS revealed a U-shaped relationship between lights-out time and Avg-SpO2, with the turning point at 22:00. The subcomponent stratification results indicated that the Avg-SpO2 and minimum value of SpO2(Min-SpO2) of advanced maternal age decreased as the lights-out time was delayed. Furthermore, overweight and obese gravida showed lower Avg-SpO2 and Min-SpO2 levels than normal weight. Conclusions: A U-shaped relationship was identified between lights-out time and nocturnal Avg-SpO2 during early pregnancy, with the inflection at 22:00. Notably, later lights-out times are associated with lower levels of Min-SpO2 for advanced maternal age. The findings suggest that appropriately adjusting the duration of light exposure before sleep and maintaining a relatively restful state may be more beneficial for the stability of SpO2 in pregnant women. Conversely, deviations from these practices could potentially lead to pathological alterations in SpO2 levels.

The effect of the interaction of sleep onset latency and age on ischemic stroke severity via inflammatory chemokines.

Objective: Prolonged sleep onset latency (PSOL) and age have been linked to ischemic stroke (IS) severity and the production of chemokines and inflammation, both of which contribute to IS development. This study aimed to explore the relationship between chemokines, inflammation, and the interplay between sleep onset latency (SOL) and age in influencing stroke severity. Methods: A cohort of 281 participants with mild to moderate IS was enrolled. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and SOL was recorded. Serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1α), macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1ß), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured. Results: NIHSS scores of middle-aged participants with PSOL were significantly higher than those with normal sleep onset latency (NSOL) (p = 0.046). This difference was also observed when compared to both the elderly with NSOL (p = 0.022), and PSOL (p < 0.001). Among middle-aged adults with PSOL, MIP-1ß exhibited a protective effect on NIHSS scores (ß = -0.01, t = -2.11, p = 0.039, R2 = 0.13). MIP-1α demonstrated a protective effect on NIHSS scores in the elderly with NSOL (ß = -0.03, t = -2.27, p = 0.027, R2 = 0.12). Conclusion: This study reveals a hitherto undocumented association between PSOL and IS severity, along with the potential protective effects of MIP-1ß in mitigating stroke severity, especially among middle-aged patients.

Association of cigarette smoking with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of insulin sensitivity and neurodegeneration.

INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking increases both the risk for insulin resistance and amyloid-ß (Aß) aggregation, and impaired brain insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling might increase risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate the association among cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) insulin sensitivity/IGF1, glucose/lactate, and Aß42 and further explore whether insulin sensitivity contributed to the risk for AD in active smokers. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, levels of insulin, IGF1, and lactate/glucose of 75 active smokers and 78 nonsmokers in CSF were measured. Three polymorphisms regulating IGF1 were genotyped. Analysis of variance was used to compare differences of variables between groups. Partial correlation was performed to test the relationship between CSF biomarkers and smoking status. General linear models were applied to test the interaction of the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms and cigarette smoking on CSF IGF1 levels. RESULTS: In the CSF from active smokers, IGF1 and lactate levels were significantly lower (p = .016 and p = .010, respectively), whereas Aß42 (derived from our earlier research) and insulin levels were significantly higher (p < .001 and p = .022, respectively) as compared to the CSF from nonsmokers. The AG + GG genotype of rs6218 in active smokers had a significant effect on lower CSF IGF1 levels (p = .004) and lower CSF insulin levels in nonsmokers (p = .016). CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking as the "at-risk" factor for AD might be due to lower cerebral insulin sensitivity in CSF, and the subjects with rs6218G allele seem to be more susceptible to the neurodegenerative risks for cigarette smoking.

Impulsivity and aggression in alcohol withdrawal syndrome is modulated by the interaction of ZNF804A and mTOR polymorphism.

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a poorly studied phenotype of alcohol use disorder. Understanding the relationship between allelic interactions and AWS-related impulsivity and aggression could have significant implications. This study aimed to investigate the main and interacting effects of ZNF804A and mTOR on impulsivity and aggression during alcohol withdrawal. 446 Chinese Han adult males with alcohol dependence were included in the study. Impulsivity and aggression were assessed, and genomic DNA was genotyped. Single gene analysis showed that ZNF804A rs1344706 (A allele/CC homozygote) and mTOR rs1057079 (C allele/TT homozygote) were strongly associated with AWS-related impulsivity and aggression. In the allelic group, MANOVA revealed a significant gene x gene interaction, suggesting that risk varied systematically depending on both ZNF804A and mTOR alleles. Additionally, a significant interactive effect of ZNF804A rs1344706 and mTOR rs7525957 was found on motor impulsivity and physical aggression, and the ZNF804A rs1344706 gene variant had significant effects on motor impulsivity and physical aggression only in mTOR rs7525957 TT homozygous carriers. The study showed that specific allelic combinations of ZNF804A and mTOR may have protective or risk-enhancing effects on AWS-related impulsivity and aggression.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and fluoxetine attenuate astroglial activation and benefit behaviours in a chronic unpredictable mild stress mouse model of depression.

Objectives: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been considered as an effective antidepressant treatment; however, the mechanism of its antidepressant effect is still unclear. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, may be neuroprotective. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect and underlying possible neuroprotective mechanism of rTMS and fluoxetine on abnormal behaviours in a depressive mouse model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).Methods: After 28 days of CUMS exposure, mice were chronically treated with rTMS (10 Hz for 5 s per train, total 20 trains per day) and (or) fluoxetine (5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) for 28 days targeting on the frontal cortex. After the behavioural tests, the protein expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) were measured by immunohistochemistry and (or) Western Blot.Results: The results showed rTMS and (or) fluoxetine attenuated the locomotion decrease, anxiety and depressive like behaviours in the CUMS-exposed mice.Conclusion: Our results suggest that both rTMS and fluoxetine could benefit the CUMS-induced abnormal behaviours including depressive-like behaviours, and the beneficial effects of rTMS as well as fluoxetine on depression might be partly related to their neuroprotective effect on attenuating astroglial activation and BDNF decrease.