RESUMO
While the barriers to TQM implementation are many and the lessons learned can be very painful, we are convinced the results are well worth the effort. TQM implementation is a long term strategic approach and while results can be fairly quick, organizational cultural change and strategic redirection take time. Progress can be very slow. By reducing waste, rework, and variation we can both improve quality and reduce cost. The ultimate goal of TQM is to have organizational members using the quality tools in their daily work life. As an increasing number of health care organizations move through the four phases of implementation, sharing lessons learned can help us understand how to evaluate our quality processes and sustain the improvement process.
Assuntos
Hospitais Universitários/normas , Desenvolvimento de Programas/normas , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Comportamento do Consumidor , Hospitais com mais de 500 Leitos , Hospitais Universitários/organização & administração , Relações Interdepartamentais , Liderança , Participação nas Decisões , Michigan , Inovação Organizacional , Desenvolvimento de Pessoal , Análise e Desempenho de TarefasRESUMO
An x-ray sensitometric calibration of Kodak RAR 2490 film has been performed over the 0.28-8.04-keV range of photon energies. The characteristic curves (optical density D vs exposure H) are fit well over the entire range by a two-parameter, analytic function, loglo(1O(D) - 1) = A log(10)H + B. Solarization is found to occur at an exposure of 2 x 10(3) photons/(microm)(2) for 1.49-keV photons. Comparison with other films is made.