RESUMO
An approach to caudal mandibular fracture stabilization is described along with three cases wherein the approach was applied in relatively young cats with traumatic mandibular fractures caudal to or involving the mandibular first molar. This approach was well-tolerated and facilitated a quick return to function as supported by minimal or no reliance on esophageal feeding tubes.
Assuntos
Gatos , Fraturas Mandibulares , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Animais , Fraturas Mandibulares/cirurgia , Fraturas Mandibulares/veterinária , Dente Molar , Gatos/lesões , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/veterináriaRESUMO
The furcation is the anatomic area where the roots divide on a multirooted tooth. Periodontal disease causing alveolar bone loss can lead to furcation lesions of various stages. Once furcation involvement has occurred, the area can be more difficult to clean or treat due to the complex anatomy and morphology of furcations. Teeth with short root trunks, longer tooth roots, and roots with wide furcation entrance areas/degrees of separation and wide root divergence are considered better candidates for long term maintenance. Dog teeth possess many of these advantageous anatomic features compared to human teeth. Treatment options for teeth with furcation lesions include: closed debridement, open debridement, furcation plasty, tunneling, partial tooth or root resection, root separation (hemisection or trisection), regenerative therapies, or exodontia. There are many factors to consider in determining treatment options. The favorable and unfavorable characteristics for maintenance of teeth with furcation lesions are summarized. Home care and ongoing professional care are important aspects of periodontal disease control for any patient. Studies of systemic and local antibiotic therapies in human patients have not demonstrated reduction of furcation stages, and probiotic effects at furcation sites have not been specifically examined. Human review studies show that most molar teeth once deemed "hopeless" due to stage 3 furcation lesions can be maintained for at least 5 to 15 years with supportive periodontal therapy. Similar long term studies in dogs are needed to improve the evidence-based management of canine patients with furcation lesions.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar , Doenças do Cão , Defeitos da Furca , Doenças Periodontais , Perda do Osso Alveolar/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Cães , Defeitos da Furca/diagnóstico , Defeitos da Furca/terapia , Defeitos da Furca/veterinária , Humanos , Dente Molar/patologia , Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico , Doenças Periodontais/terapia , Doenças Periodontais/veterinária , Raiz DentáriaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to compare the buccal and dorsal approaches for surgical extraction of mandibular canine teeth in the cat. Parameters evaluated included extraction time, surgical wound closure time, volume of bone loss, and incidence of complications. Both mandibular canine teeth were extracted from each of 12 feline cadaver specimens, using a different surgical approach for each side, and recording the time for extraction and closure. Computed tomography was used to measure the volume of each rostral mandible before and after extraction, and the bone lossfor each approach was computed. The mean extraction time and volume of bone loss was less for the buccal approach, but the results were not statistically significant (P = 0.22 and P = 0.32, respectively). The closure time for the dorsal approach was significantly less than for the buccal approach (P = 0.023). Total time (extraction plus closure time) was not significantly different between the approaches (P = 0.40). There were no complications associated with either approach.
Assuntos
Gatos/cirurgia , Dente Canino/cirurgia , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/veterinária , Extração Dentária/veterinária , Animais , Cadáver , Radiografia Dentária/veterinária , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterináriaRESUMO
Advancements in diagnostic and treatment modalities for oral and maxillofacial surgery have allowed veterinarians to offer clients a range of alternatives for their pets. Categories of oral and maxillofacial surgery reviewed in this article include jaw fracture management, management of palatal/oronasal defects, recognition and treatment of oral masses, and management of several miscellaneous pathologic conditions. Miscellaneous oral lesions discussed in this article include odontogenic cysts, osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis, and lesions of the tongue and lips.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/cirurgia , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/veterinária , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/cirurgia , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/veterinária , Fraturas Maxilomandibulares/cirurgia , Fraturas Maxilomandibulares/veterinária , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/cirurgia , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/veterinária , Cistos Odontogênicos/cirurgia , Cistos Odontogênicos/veterinária , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/métodos , Osteomielite/cirurgia , Osteomielite/veterinária , Osteonecrose/cirurgia , Osteonecrose/veterináriaAssuntos
Doenças do Gato/prevenção & controle , Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Doenças Periodontais/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/etiologia , Gatos , Progressão da Doença , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Cães , Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico , Doenças Periodontais/etiologia , Doenças Periodontais/prevenção & controle , Padrão de CuidadoRESUMO
The tongue plays many vital roles in the oral cavity of the dog and cat. Consequently, lingual lesions can have devastating effects on an animal's overall health. This article provides a review of tongue anatomy as well as a review of the etiology, gross appearance, and diagnostic procedures indicated for a wide variety of lingual lesions. Lingual pathologic conditions that are reviewed include traumatic, metabolic, idiopathic, infectious, immune-mediated, hereditary, and neoplastic lesions. This article also describes current concepts in the medical management of lingual lesions.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/terapia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Doenças da Língua/veterinária , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Doenças da Língua/diagnóstico , Doenças da Língua/terapiaAssuntos
Doenças da Polpa Dentária/veterinária , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Radiografia Dentária/veterinária , Extração Dentária/veterinária , Animais , Doenças da Polpa Dentária/diagnóstico , Doenças da Polpa Dentária/cirurgia , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/diagnóstico , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/cirurgia , Odontologia/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Masculino , Dente Molar , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterinária , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A 2-year-old domestic feline patient was presented for evaluation of a complicated crown fracture of the right maxillary canine tooth. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a non-vital immature permanent canine tooth with an open apex. This case report describes a two-visit technique using mineral trioxide aggregate in an apical barrier method for the treatment of a non-vital immature permanent canine tooth in a cat.
Assuntos
Compostos de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Gatos/lesões , Incisivo/lesões , Óxidos/uso terapêutico , Obturação Retrógrada/veterinária , Silicatos/uso terapêutico , Traumatismos Dentários/veterinária , Dente não Vital/veterinária , Animais , Gatos/cirurgia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Incisivo/cirurgia , Masculino , Maxila , Obturação Retrógrada/métodos , Ápice Dentário , Traumatismos Dentários/complicações , Dente não Vital/complicações , Dente não Vital/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
An in vitro study compared two obturation materials in the canine teeth in dogs. The teeth were instrumented with rotary instruments and obturated with either gutta percha and a sealer or resin-based materials, utilizing the gutta percha apical plug/master cone technique. Radiographs were used for evaluation of the overall appearance of the finalfill. A modified apical dye leakage method was used to evaluate the ability of each material to provide an adequate barrier to apical leakage. When comparing the two obturation materials, the differences in the radiographic appearance scores and the apical dye leakage test results were not statistically significant. The rate of apical leakage is comparable to other obturation methods that have been reported. The use of a rotary system in conjunction with the gutta percha apical plug/master cone technique is valid for the endodontic treatment of indicated teeth.
Assuntos
Dente Canino/cirurgia , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Obturação do Canal Radicular/veterinária , Raiz Dentária/cirurgia , Animais , Cadáver , Dente Canino/diagnóstico por imagem , Cães , Resinas Epóxi , Guta-Percha , Radiografia , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Obturação do Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Obturação do Canal Radicular/métodos , Raiz Dentária/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
A consecutive series of cases of dogs and cats with locked jaw syndrome (inability to open or close the mouth) are reported in this study. Dogs were significantly overrepresented (84.0%) and adult dogs were more frequently affected (81.0%). Temporomandibular joint ankylosis due to fracture was the most common cause (54.0%) of locked jaw syndrome. Additional potential causes of locked jaw syndrome are masticatory muscle myositis, neoplasia, trigeminal nerve paralysis and central neurological lesions, temporomandibular joint luxation and dysplasia, osteoarthritis, retrobulbar abscess, tetanus, and severe ear disease. Treatment of locked jaw is directed towards the primary cause. It is important to treat the tonic spasm in order to minimize periarticular fibrosis. Surgical intervention is recommended for temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Masticatory muscle myositis treatment is initiated by gradually opening the mouth, with medical treatment based on immunosuppressive therapy. Fracture and masticatory muscle myositis are associated with a relatively good prognosis in regard to short-term outcome as compared to animals with central neurologic lesions or osteosarcoma which have a poor prognosis.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Gato/etiologia , Doenças do Gato/terapia , Gatos , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Cães , Feminino , Illinois/epidemiologia , Masculino , Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular/epidemiologia , Medicina VeterináriaAssuntos
Compostos de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Óxidos/uso terapêutico , Obturação Retrógrada/veterinária , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Tratamento do Canal Radicular/veterinária , Silicatos/uso terapêutico , Ápice Dentário/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Cães , Combinação de Medicamentos , Obturação Retrógrada/métodos , Tratamento do Canal Radicular/métodosRESUMO
ALS gene expression was studied in the hyposalivatory rat model of oral candidiasis and in clinical specimens collected from HIV-positive patients to assess similarities in expression patterns between the model system and clinical isolates. Two Candida albicans strains, SC5314 and OY-2-76, were used in the rat model system and infection progressed for 3 or 5 days. The strains produced similar oral lesions at 3 days. At 5 days, strain OY-2-76 produced more superficial lesions containing relatively more yeast forms compared to invasive hyphal forms observed for strain SC5314. For all infections, the most severe lesions were observed on the tongue and gingiva overlying the mandible. ALS transcripts were easier to detect by RT-PCR later in infection and under other conditions where more fungal cells were present. Expression of ALS1, ALS2, ALS3 and ALS4 was observed in rats infected for 3 days with ALS5 and ALS9 transcripts detected after 5 days of infection. Expression of ALS6 was observed in a single specimen from a 5-day infection while ALS7 transcript was never found. Expression of all ALS genes was observed in oral clinical material collected from HIV-positive patients although ALS6 and ALS7 transcripts required an extra PCR amplification step to be detected. Overall, the patterns of ALS gene expression were similar between the rat model and human clinical specimens, suggesting that the model would be useful for studying the phenotype of al delta/al delta mutant strains.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Candida albicans/genética , Candidíase Bucal/microbiologia , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Infecções por HIV/microbiologia , Xerostomia/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/patologia , Adulto , Animais , Candida albicans/metabolismo , Candidíase Bucal/patologia , Candidíase Bucal/virologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Proteínas Fúngicas/biossíntese , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , HIV/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , RNA/química , RNA/genética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
A four-year-old maele/neutered mixed-breed dog was prsented for severe, multifocal, proliferative gingivitis. Histopathologic examination of incisional biopsies supported a diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis, an autoimmune vasculitis previously unreported in the veterinary literature. Diagnostic investigations for infectious, neoplastic, or other inflammatory conditions all provided negative results. Management with a combination of immunosuppressive agents resulted in complete resolution and remission of the presenting lesions and associated clinical signs.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Gengivite/veterinária , Granulomatose com Poliangiite/veterinária , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Animais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Cães , Gengivite/diagnóstico , Gengivite/tratamento farmacológico , Granulomatose com Poliangiite/diagnóstico , Granulomatose com Poliangiite/tratamento farmacológico , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Doenças Nasais/veterinária , Fístula Bucal/veterinária , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/veterinária , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Cães , Doenças Nasais/cirurgia , Doenças Nasais/terapia , Fístula Bucal/cirurgia , Fístula Bucal/terapia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A 6-year-old dog was presented for draining tracts associated with both mandibular first molar teeth. Radiographs of the affected teeth showed periapical bone lysis. Surgical tooth extractions were performed and the tooth segments were submitted for histopathologic examination. Microscopic evaluation of the teeth showed in folding of the enamel and dentin consistent with a diagnosis of dens invaginatus. Examination performed 13-months following the extraction procedures indicated uncomplicated healing at the extraction sites and no other visible evidence of endodontic disease.