The evaluation of the association between preoperative sarcopenia and postoperative pneumonia and factors for preoperative sarcopenia in patients undergoing thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

PURPOSE: This study identified the relationship between postoperative pneumonia and preoperative sarcopenia as well as the factors for preoperative sarcopenia in patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS: In this retrospective, single-center, observational study, we evaluated the data of 274 patients who were scheduled for thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy. Sarcopenia was defined using the skeletal muscle index, handgrip strength, and gait speed. The physical activity and nutritional status were evaluated. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the association between sarcopenia and postoperative pneumonia and identify sarcopenia-related factors. A Spearman's correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship between physical activity and nutritional status. RESULTS: Age, male sex, sarcopenia, and postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy were significantly associated with postoperative pneumonia. Age, male sex, physical activity, and nutritional status were significantly associated with preoperative sarcopenia. There was a significant correlation between physical activity and nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative sarcopenia was confirmed to be a predictor of postoperative pneumonia. Furthermore, age, sex, physical activity, and nutritional status were significantly associated with preoperative sarcopenia. Physical activity and nutritional status are closely associated with each other in patients with esophageal cancer. A multidisciplinary approach to preoperative sarcopenia, taking exercise and nutrition into account, is recommended.

Perioperative Decrease in Tongue Pressure is an Intervenable Predictor of Aspiration After Esophagectomy.

Despite the increasing use of minimally invasive esophagectomies, aspiration pneumonia remains the most serious complication. This study clarified the association between perioperative tongue pressure and postoperative aspiration after thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer. This retrospective, single-center, observational study evaluated data of 216 patients scheduled for thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy. Tongue pressure was measured before the procedure and on postoperative day 6; perioperative changes were assessed. Patients were divided into non-aspiration and aspiration groups according to penetration-aspiration scale scores. Hierarchical and stratified logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with aspiration. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the cut-off value of perioperative changes in tongue pressure for aspiration. Perioperative changes in tongue pressure (odds ratio 0.92; 95% confidence interval 0.88-0.96, P < 0.001), age (odds ratio 1.07; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.13, P = 0.013), and postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (odds ratio 3.04; 95% confidence interval 1.15-8.03, P = 0.025) were significantly associated with aspiration. The cut-off value of perioperative changes in tongue pressure for postoperative aspiration was - 6.58%. In addition, decreases in tongue pressure were associated with aspiration regardless of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and age. The perioperative decrease in tongue pressure, higher age, and postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy were significant factors strongly associated with aspiration in the acute phase post-esophagectomy. Decreased tongue pressure is the only intervenable predictor of aspiration. Rehabilitation for preventing decreases in tongue pressure may reduce the risk of aspiration.

Combination of asleep and awake craniotomy as a novel strategy for resection in patients with butterfly glioblastoma: Two case reports.

Background: Several studies have reported that gross total resection contributes to improved prognosis in patients with butterfly glioblastoma (bGBM). However, it sometimes damages the corpus callosum and cingulate gyrus, leading to severe neurological complications. Case Description: We report two cases of bGBM that was safely and maximally resected using brief and exact awake mapping after general anesthesia. Two patients had butterfly tumors in both the frontal lobes and the genu of the corpus callosum. Tumor resection was first performed on the nondominant side under general anesthesia to shorten the resection time and maintain patient concentration during awake surgery. After that, awake surgery was performed for the lesions in the dominant frontal lobe and genu of the corpus callosum. Tumor resection was performed through minimal cortical incisions in both frontal lobes. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed gross total resection, and the patients had no chronic neurological sequelae, such as akinetic mutism and abulia. Conclusion: bGBM could be safely and maximally resected by a combination of asleep and brief awake resection, which enabled patients to maintain their attention to the task without fatigue, somnolence, or decreased attention. The bilateral approach from a small corticotomy can avoid extensive damage to the cingulate gyrus.

The current status of inpatient cancer rehabilitation provided by designated cancer hospitals in Japan.

OBJECTIVE: This survey was conducted to clarify the current status of inpatient cancer rehabilitation provided by designated cancer hospitals in Japan. METHODS: A survey questionnaire was sent to 427 designated cancer hospitals in Japan. Information was sought regarding whether inpatient cancer rehabilitation was provided by the center, and if so, whether respondents regarded such provision as satisfactory. RESULTS: Responses were obtained from 235/427 surveyed institutions (55.0%). Cancer rehabilitation was provided in inpatient settings by 97.4%. Two-thirds of respondents (67.7%) regarded inpatient cancer rehabilitation provision as still inadequate. The primary reasons claimed for this inadequacy were a lack of human resources, a lack of rehabilitation professionals with the requisite knowledge/skills and patients who would benefit from cancer rehabilitation present but not prescribed. The total number of rehabilitation staff was identified as associated factor of inadequate inpatient cancer rehabilitation in multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 0.979, 95% confidence interval = 0.96-1.00, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: In order to provide adequate cancer rehabilitation, a sufficient supply of rehabilitation staff, education and recognition of the need for cancer rehabilitation within oncology units are necessary.