[Clinical effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of gliflozin from the point of view of individual genetic characteristics: A review].

A review of publications devoted to the analysis of genetic polymorphisms and features of the functioning of genes that affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is presented. Objective of the study was to reveal information about genes whose polymorphism may affect the effectiveness of SGLT2i. The review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 recommendations, the search for publications was carried out in the PubMed databases (including Medline), Web of Science, as well as Russian scientific electronic libraries eLIBRARY.RU from 1993 to 2022. Polymorphisms in the structure of several genes (SLC5A2, UGT1A9, ABCB1, PNPLA3) have been described that may affect the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by diseases such as chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The information found on the genetic features of the development of the effects of SGLT2i is limited to a description of the differences in their pharmacokinetics. The relevance of currently available pharmacogenetic studies is largely constrained by small sample sizes.

[The rhythm-modulant effect of lithium hydroxybutyrate on the background of electrolytic lesion of the right suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus].

Experimental lesion of the right suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus in rats facilitates manifestations of the free-running locomotor rhythm in winter solstice, but decreases the entrainment of the light cycle of this rhythm in the period of summer solstice. The administration of lithium hydroxybutyrate in both illumination regimes compensates the influence of lesion of the right suprachiasmatic nucleus. Features of the observed effect depend on the circadian phase of drug administration.

[Effect of lithium hydroxybutyrate on the circadian dynamics of the urinary excretion of Li(+), Na(+), K(+), and Ca(2+) in rats depending on the circadian phase of the drug administration]. / Vliianie litiia oksibutirata na sutochnuiu dinamiku pochechnoi ékskretsii Li(+), Na(+), K(+) i Ca(2+) u krys v zavisimosti ot tsirkadiannoi fazy naznacheniia preparata.

In winter solstice, the urinary excretion of Li+ and Na+ in intact rats has a uniform circadian profile, while K+ and Ca2+ exhibit a 23-h and 24-h rhythm, respectively. The administration of lithium hydroxybutyrate (10 mg/kg, 6 days) at 8 a.m. forms the 24-h Li+ and Na+ excretion rhythm, while not significantly affecting the circadian profiles of K+ and Ca2+. The lithium loading at 8 p.m. made the circadian urinary excretion profiles of Ca2+ and Na+ uniform, while the excretion of Li+ and K+ acquired a 24-h rhythm. Irrespective of the circadian phase, the administration of lithium hydroxybutyrate decreased the average daily concentration of Na+ in the urine, while the average concentration of Ca2+ remains unchanged; the concentration of K+ decreases after lithium hydroxybutyrate injections in the morning. Upon the morning treatment, lithium cations are excreted faster than after the evening injections.