3D printing precise positioning guided ulnar groove plasty for treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:With the increase of patients with cubital tunnel syndrome,ulnar groove plasty does not affect the normal anatomical structure and distribution of the ulnar nerve,which is one of the main surgical procedures for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome.3D printing combined with ulnar groove plasty can more accurately position the expansion depth and width of the ulnar groove to avoid some surgical complications. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of 3D printing technology combined with ulnar groove plasty on nerve electrophysiology and prognosis in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome. METHODS:A total of 70 patients with moderate and severe cubital tunnel syndrome who were treated in Cangzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the study subjects.They were divided into two groups,with 35 cases in each group.The control group underwent traditional ulnar groove plasty.The observation group underwent 3D printing technology combined with ulnar groove plasty.The patients were followed up for 3 months.The clinical efficacy,latency,amplitude of compound muscle action potential of abductor pollicis brevis of the affected limb and ulnar nerve motor conduction velocity,grip strength on the affected side,pinch strength of the middle and thumb fingers,S-W monofilament of the little finger,two-point discrimination of the little finger,and Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire score were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group(74%),the excellent and good rate was significantly higher in the observation group(91%)(P<0.05).(2)Compared with pre-treatment,the latency of compound muscle action potential of abductor pollicis brevis of affected limb was significantly shorter and the wave amplitude and ulnar nerve motor conduction velocity were significantly higher in the two groups after treatment.The latency was significantly shorter and the wave amplitude and ulnar nerve motor conduction velocity were significantly higher in the observation group than those in the control group(P<0.05).(3)Compared with pre-treatment,the grip strength,middle finger and thumb pinch strength of the affected side,S-W monofilament of the little finger and two-point discrimination of the little finger were significantly decreased in the two groups after treatment.The grip strength,middle finger and thumb pinch strength on the affected side were greater,S-W monofilament of the little finger and two-point discrimination of the little finger were significantly smaller in the observation group than those in the control group(P<0.05).(4)Compared with pre-treatment,the Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire scores of the two groups were significantly reduced after treatment,and the Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).(5)It is concluded that 3D printing technology combined with ulnar groove plasty in the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome can effectively improve its clinical efficacy,promote the neurophysiological recovery of patients,and enhance the function of fingers and upper limbs,which has high clinical application value.

Preparation of high-drug-loading cantharidin polymer micelle delivery system and its anti-breast cancer activity / 中国药科大学学报

@#Abstract: The aim of this study was to prepare a high drug-carrying capacity micellar drug delivery system (CTD@Sol) of the polymer zebra tetracycline and to preliminarily investigate the feasibility of this drug delivery system for the treatment of breast cancer. Firstly, CTD@Sol was prepared using sol as the carrier material and CTD as the model drug, and its pharmacological properties such as appearance and morphology, particle size, potential and in vitro release were evaluated. The growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of CTD@Sol on breast cancer (4T1) cells were investigated by MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay; the uptake efficiency of 4T1 to this delivery system was investigated by flow cytometry; and the in vivo tissue distribution of the delivery system and the targeting of tumour tissues were investigated by small animal in vivo imaging technique. The results showed that CTD@Sol appeared as a light pale blue creamy white colour, with an average particle size of (159.73 ± 1.96) nm, a PDI of 0.198 ± 0.006, Zeta potential of –(47.60 ± 1.77) mV, an encapsulation rate of (90.29 ± 1.69)% and a drug loading capacity of (45.00 ± 0. 84)%; the in vitro release and haemolysis experiments showed that the drug release rate of CTD@Sol in acidic environment (pH 5.5) was significantly faster than that in neutral environment (pH 7.4), suggesting that the system is acid-sensitive and has good biosafety under endocytosed pH conditions. Cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and apoptosis experiments showed that CTD@Sol was more lethal to 4T1 cells, and the sol-gel polymer micelles as a drug delivery vehicle could significantly improve the cellular uptake efficiency of the drug; in vivo experiments showed that the delivery system had a significant targeting effect on tumour tissues.In conclusion, this study has successfully produced a CTD@Sol drug delivery system with high drug loading capacity (>45%), good pharmacological performance, strong targeting and biosafety, which has the potential to be used in the treatment of breast cancer.

FLAIR vascular hyperintensities in patients with posterior cerebral artery infarction: influencing factors and impacts on outcomes / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyperintensity (FVH) and its impacts on outcomes in patients with posterior cerebral artery infarction.Methods:Consecutive patients with posterior cerebral artery infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospective enrolled. Demographic and clinical data of patients were collected. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was used to evaluate the outcomes at 3 months after the onset. 0-2 were defined as good outcomes, and >2 were defined as poor outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors of FVH and poor outcomes. Results:A total of 65 patients (46 males [70.8%], aged 71.25±10.06 years) with posterior cerebral artery infarction were enrolled. There were 14 patients (21.5%) in FVH positive group and 51 (78.5%) in FVH negative group; 45 (69.2%) had a good outcome, and 20 (30.8%) had a poor outcome. There were significant differences in hypertension, history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, pre-onset mRS score >1, and etiology of stroke between the FVH positive group and the FVH negative group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant independent correlation between the pre-onset mRS score >1 and FVH positive (odds ratio 6.206, 95% confidence interval 1.463-26.328; P=0.013). There were significant differences in age, atrial fibrillation, history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, FVH positive, and anticoagulant use between the good outcome group and the poor outcome group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant independent correlation between FVH positive and poor outcomes (odds ratio 5.761, 95% confidence interval 1.477-22.466; P=0.012). Conclusion:The pre-onset mRS score >1 is independently associated with FVH positive, while FVH positive is independently associated with poor outcomes in patients with posterior cerebral artery infarction.

Transmission routes of Covid-19 virus in the Diamond Princess Cruise ship

BackgroundAn outbreak of COVID-19 occurred on the Diamond Princess cruise ship in January and February 2020. We analysed information about cases to infer transmission dynamics and potential modes of transmission. MethodsWe collected the daily number of 197 symptomatic cases, and that of the 146 passenger cases in two categories, i.e. those who stayed and did not stay in the same stateroom. We retrieved the quarantine details and the ships 14-day itinerary. We searched the websites of national/local health authority along the cruise routes and local news using Google for locally confirmed cases associated with the ship. We obtained the design of air conditioning and sewage treatment of the ship from literature. We back-calculated the dates of infection from the epidemic curve and compared with the start of on-board quarantine. ResultsMajor infections started on Jan 28 and completed by Feb 6 for passengers except those who stayed in the same stateroom with infected individual(s). No other confirmed cases were identified among the disembarked people in Hong Kong except an 80 years old passenger. No confirmed cases were reported in three other stopovers between Jan 27-31 associated with disembarked passengers or visitors from the ship, however two Okinawa taxi drivers became confirmed cases in association with driving the ship passengers. Infection among passengers after Feb 6 was limited to those who stayed in the same stateroom with an infected passenger. Infections in crew members peaked on Feb 7, suggesting significant transmission among crew members after quarantine on Feb 5. ConclusionsWe infer that the ship central air conditioning system did not play a role, i.e. the long-range airborne route was absent in the outbreak. Most transmission appears to have occurred through close contact and fomites. Significance StatementTransmission by the long-range airborne route for SARS-CoV-2 in the 2020 Diamond Princess Covid-19 outbreak has been debated with significant implication for intervention. We found that the transmission by close contact and fomite explains the outbreak, and the central air-conditioning system did not play a role, demonstrating the importance of social distancing, good hygiene and maintaining good building ventilation for intervention.

Clinical significance of fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense vessel sign in internal carotid artery / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Objective　To investigate the clinical significance of fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence (FLAIR) hyperintense vessel sign (FHV) in internal carotid artery.Methods　Fifty patients in the Department of Neurology in Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University were selected for MRI and cerebrovascular examination from March 2018 to December 2019.The patients were divided to two groups based on whether there was internal carotid artery FHV.The clinical information and internal carotid artery stenosis of the two groups were compared,and the FHV on the same side of internal carotid artery FHV was evaluated by the modified Alberta Stroke Program Early Computerized Tomography Score (mASPECTS).Results　There was no significant difference in sex,age,hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia among FHV groups (P>0.05).The degree of stenosis in internal carotid artery was different in different FHV groups,and there were serious stenosis and occlusion in FHV (+) group.The mean score of FHV-mASPECTS was (4.50±1.20) in ipsilateral,and mostly in insular area.Conclusion　FHV of internal carotid artery can be used as a characteristic image marker of severe stenosis or occlusion.

Establishment of HPLC Fingerprint of Mongolian Medicine Ramulus Tamarix and Similarity Evaluation and Cluster Analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish HPLC fingerprint of Mongolian medicine Ramulus Tamarix， and to conduct similarity evaluation and cluster analysis. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent ODS C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 335 nm， and column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. Using quercetin peak as reference， HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of medicinal sample were drawn. Similarity evaluation was conducted by using Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM （2004 A） so as to confirm common peak. SPSS 17.0 software was used for cluster analysis of those samples. RESULTS： There were 13 common peaks in HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of samples， and the similarities of them were all greater than 0.95； 2 common chromatographic peaks of quercetin and kaempferol were identified. Results of cluster analysis showed that 10 batches of samples were classified into 2 classes. S8 was clustered into one class； other were clustered into another class. CONCLUSIONS： Established HPLC fingerprint and results of similarity evaluation and cluster analysis can provide reference for quality control of R. Tamarix.

Smoking epidemiology among primary and middle school students in Beijing during 2005-2015 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the changes of smoking behavior among primary and middle school students in Beijing during 2005-2015.@*Methods@#The primary and middle schools in Beijing were classified and then taken as a sampling frame. Twophase stratified random cluster sampling was conducted with school as primary sampling unit (PSU) and class as the minimum sampling unit, respectively. Beijing Schoolbased Smoking Monitoring Questionnaire was surveyed in 2005 and 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2015 anonymously.@*Results@#In 2015, the smoking rate among primary and middle school students in Beijing was 9.41%. Among them, for primary, junior, high school and vocational high school students, the rates were 7.05%, 7.06%, 12.41% and 34.11%, respectively. The smoking rates were now 3.26%, with 1.99%, 1.80%, 3.48% and 20.22%, respectively, among primary, middle and high school and vocational high school students. male, vocational school students were more likely to report smoking across six waves of surveillance. Results from the surveillance in 2015 showed a decreasing trend in ever smoking rate and current smoking rate compared with previous survey. About half of the current student smokers were reported to take 1 cigarette/day, and about 10% smokers were reported to take 10 cigarettes/day. Students were most likely to smoke at home(24.02%), followed by smoking at schools(12.74%). The percentage of buying cigarettes by themselves was increased from 17.10% in 2008 to 66.09% in 2015.@*Conclusion@#From 2005 to 2015, both ever smoking and current smoking rate among middle school students in Beijing decreased in general, however smoking among vocational high school students warrants further attention.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells laden novel thermo-sensitive hydrogel for the management of severe skin wound healing.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are easy to collect and culture, and it is identified that it has multi-directional differentiation potential, moreover it has low immunogenicity, hence it can be used as an allogeneic cell source for skin wound healing. Hydrogel has been widely used in skin wound healing own to it is able to mimic the 3D microenvironment of cells, which supports cell proliferation, migration and secretion. In this study, we created a novel biocompatible thermo-sensitive hydrogel to carry BMSCs for full-thickness skin wound healing. The thermo-sensitive hydrogel loaded with BMSCs can fast achieve sol-gel transition after implanting to the wound. Histological results confirmed that hydrogel-BMSCs combination group showed significant promotion of wound closure, epithelial cells' proliferation and re-epithelialization, and reduced inflammatory responses in the wounds and in the tissues surrounding the wounds. The combination therapy also can promote collagen deposition, TGF-ß1 and bFGF secretion and tissue remodeling. The present study provides a promising strategy for the clinical treatment of skin wounds.

Endoscope-assisted lauromacrogol inject ion for hemangioma of pharynx and larynx / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of local lauromacrogol injection in the treatment of laryngopharyngeal hemangioma. METHODS A total of 10 patients suffering from hemangioma of pharynx and larynx from Aug 2015 to Mar 2018 were collected. Endoscope assisted local lauromacrogol injection under topical was used. The therapeutic effects were observed and analyzed.RESULTS All patients were followed up for 3 months to 1 year. Among them, 9 cases were cured and 1 was obviously effective for totally 1 to 4 (mean 1.9) injections. All patients complained of postoperative pain or foreign body sensation, 3 patients were significantly affected by local swelling of the injection site. 2 patients underwent tracheostomy and 1 patient returned to ward with endotracheal intubation postoperatively. No complications such as mucosal ulceration, fever, allergies occurred. CONCLUSION Lauromacrogol injection is a safe and effective method to treat hemangioma of pharynx and larynx.

Effects of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on healing of wounds with full-thickness skin defects in mice / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effects of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on healing of wounds with full-thickness skin defects in mice.@*Methods@#ADSCs were isolated from the lumbar and abdominal fat donated voluntarily by a healthy woman undergoing liposuction in the Department of Plastic Surgery of Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command, and the cells were cultured and identified. ADSCs of the second passage were used in the following experiments. The venous blood of the volunteer was taken, and PRP was obtained by secondary centrifugation. Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were divided into simple injury group (n=12), simple ADSCs treatment group (n=12), and ADSCs+ PRP treatment group (n=12) according to the random number table. Each mouse was inflicted with a 1 cm×1 cm wound with full-thickness skin defect on the back. Immediately after injury, the wounds of mice in simple injury group were subcutaneously injected with 1 mL normal saline, the wounds of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group were subcutaneously injected with 1 mL phosphate buffer solution-blended ADSCs suspension (with concentration of 5×105 /mL, the same below), and the wounds of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were subcutaneously injected with 1 mL mixture of PRP and ADSCs (1∶2 volume ratio). Three mice in each group were taken on post injury day (PID) 3, 5, 7, and 14 to observe the gross condition of wound, and the wound healing rate was calculated. On PID 3, 5, and 7, the non-healing wound tissue and 0.5 cm normal skin tissue around the wound margin were taken after gross observation. The inflammation, re-epithelialization, and angiogenesis of tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the re-epithelialization rate was calculated. The collagen synthesis of tissue was observed by masson staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of macrophages of tissue samples collected on PID 3 and 5. Data were processed with analysis of variance of factorial design and Least-Significant Difference test.@*Results@#(1) On PID 3, the wounds of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were with granulation tissue regeneration, redness, and swelling, and the wounds of mice in the other two groups were ruddy and with effusion. On PID 5, the wounds of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group had less redness and swelling, which were dry with obvious scab, and wounds of mice in the other two groups were obviously red and swollen. On PID 7, scab formed basically on wounds of mice in the three groups. On PID 14, the wounds of mice in the three groups basically healed, and their crusts were off. On PID 3, 5, 7, and 14, the wound healing rates of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were obviously higher than those of the other two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). On PID 5 and 7, the wound healing rates of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group were obviously higher than those of simple injury group (P<0.01). (2) On PID 3, granulation tissue regeneration of wounds in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group was more than that in the other two groups. On PID 5, inflammatory reaction of wounds of mice was mild in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group, which was severe in the other two groups. On PID 7, the re-epithelialization process of wounds of mice was almost completed in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group, and the number of new vessels was more in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group than in the other two groups. The migration distance of regenerated epithelia around the wound edge in simple injury group and simple ADSCs treatment group was short. On PID 3, 5, and 7, the re-epithelialization rates of wounds of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were (37.6±4.5)%, (59.1±1.3)%, and (89.2±4.3)%, respectively, significantly higher than (25.7±1.5)%, (34.5±4.4)%, and (50.8±2.7)% in simple injury group and (29.1±0.8)%, (42.6±2.9)%, and (72.9±3.0)% in simple ADSCs treatment group (P<0.01). On PID 5 and 7, the re-epithelialization rates of wounds of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group were significantly higher than those in simple injury group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). (3) On PID 3 and 5, a quite large number of new collagen fibers appeared in granulation tissue of wounds of ADSCs+ PRP treatment group, while the collagen fibers in the other two groups were less. On PID 7, the granulation tissue of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group decreased, and a large number of new collagen fibers appeared. The collagen fibers in wounds tissue of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group increased, while the collagen fibers deposited in wounds tissue of mice in simple injury group was still less. (4) On PID 3 and 5, the numbers of macrophages in wounds tissue of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group were 4.7±0.6 and 5.3±0.6 respectively, obviously lower than 6.3±0.6 and 7.7±0.6 in injury group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the numbers of macrophages in wounds tissue of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were 3.0±1.1 and 2.7±0.5, significantly lower than those in the other two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Human PRP and ADSCs are involved in the early inflammation, metaphase of tissue proliferation, and re-epithelialization and shaping process of late stage of wounds with full-thickness skin defects in mice. The combination of ADSCs and PRP may be a comparatively good combination to improve the speed and quality of wound healing.

The clinical efficacy of retroperitoneoscope assisted intraperitoneal approach in the treatment of large renal tumors / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To study the clinical value of retroperitoneoscope-assisted intraperitoneal approach in the treatment of large renal tumors.Methods A total of 89 patients with large renal tumors (d ＞7 cm) were involved from January 2014 to December 2017.Among them,32 cases were treated by retroperitoneoscope-assisted intraperitoneal approach (group A),including 18 males and 14 females,aged (63.5±7.5)years,with 20 cases on the left and 12 on the right,and mean tumor diameter of (7.9 ± 0.6).Thirty cases were treated by laparoscopy (group B),including 17 males and 13 females,aged (64.5 ±7.3)years,with 16 cases on the left and 14 cases on the right,and the average tumor diameter of (7.6 ±0.7) cm.Twenty-seven cases underwent open surgery (C group),including 15 males and 12 females,aged (64.9 ±5.7) years,with 13 cases on the left side and 14 cases on the right,and the average tumor diameter of (7.9 ±0.6) cm.There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups in term of demographics (P ＞ 0.05).The clinical data was collected and statistical analysis was made for comparison among the three groups,including operation time,blood loss,surgical complications,postoperative intestinal recovery and postoperative hospital stay.All the patients were with single renal tumor,and no other major comorbidities were found.Results All of the 89 surgeries were successful.Hypercapnia was found in 2 cases (6.3％) in Group A,and recoverd 15 minutes after stopping pneumoperitoneum and anesthesia.The operation time was 120-200 minutes with an average of (155.0 ± 22.1) minutes.The average amount of bleeding was (141.6 ± 33.8) ml.Bowel recovered 3 (3-5) days after operation.The patients were hospitalized for 7 (7-9) days.In group B,hypercapnia was found in 2 patients (6.7％) and recoverd after stopping pneumoperitoneum and anesthesia.The time of operation was (184.2 ± 20.6) min,the amount of bleeding was (191.5 ± 46.2) ml,the bowel recovered 4 (4-6) days after operation,and the postoperative hospitalization duration was 7.5 (6-9) days.The operation time of group C was (54.0 ± 16.6) min,blood loss was (309.6 ± 50.2) ml,postoperative intestinal recovery was 5 (4-6)days,and the postoperative hospitalization time was 8 (7-12)days.Group A had less operation time than Group B(P ＜0.05),and no difference with Group C(P ＞0.05).Group A had advantages in term of blood loss and postoperative intestinal recovery time compared with B and C (P ＜ 0.05).Groups A and B had no difference in term of surgical complications and postoperative hospital stay (P ＞ 0.05),but both of the two groups had obvious advantages over group C (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Retroperitoneoscopeassisted intraperitoneal approach is the synergetic application of two endoscopic approaches,which is superior to any single operation for the treatment of large renal tumor,such as less bleeding,shorter operation time,faster postoperative recovery,and so on.This method not only reduces the difficulty of operation,provides an alternative for laparoscopic treatment of large renal tumors,but also has a good application for complex renal tumors complicated with renal vein and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.

Clinical correlation between incipient C-reactive protein and kidney injury of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between the incipient serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and clinicopathologic features in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis (AAV).Methods Data of 138 consecutive AAV patients were collected.According to their serum CRP levels,patients were divided into group 1 with normal CRP,group 2 with slightly increased CRP and group 3 with severely increased CRP.Clinical features of AAV and histopathologic features of the kidney injury were compared among groups.Results CRP levels increased in 77.53％ AAV patients on admission.Patients in the group of severely increased CRP had the highest levels of BVAS,serum C3,serum ANCA titer,leukocyte counts and the lowest levels of hemoglobin and albumin among the 3 groups (all P ＜ 0.05).The mortality during the stage of therapy was highest in patients with severely increased CRP (P ＜ 0.05).The focal kidney damage was more obvious in patients with severely increased CRP.There was no significant difference in renal prognosis among patients with different CRP levels.Conclusion The levels of incipient serum C-reactive protein of AAV vary in different patients and are positively correlated with patients' inflammation status as well as the disease activity,but are not correlated with the severity of kidney injury.

Effect of sevoflurane postconditioning on mitochondrial connexin 43 during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats and the role of mito-KATP channels: an in vitro experiment / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane postconditioning on mitochondrial connexin 43 (Cx43) during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in isolated rat hearts and the role of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mito-KATP) channels in it.Methods Forty-five adult male SpragueDawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were used in the study.Their hearts were excised and retrogradely perfused with K-H solution in a Langendorff apparatus.The 45 isolated hearts were assigned into 5 groups (n =9 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),I/R group,sevoflurane postconditioning group (group Sev),and sevoflurane postconditioning plus 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD,a specific mitoKATp channel blocker) group (group Sev+5-HD) and I/R plus 5-HD group (group I/R+5-HD).The hearts were subjected to 20 main of global ischemia followed by 90 min of reperfusion to establish the model of myocardial I/R injury.From the beginning of reperfusion,the hearts were perfused with K-H solution saturated with 3％ sevoflurane for 15 min in group Sev,with K-H solution saturated with 3％ sevoflurane and containing 100 μ mol/L 5-HD in group Sev+5-HD,and with K-H solution containing 100 μ mol/L 5-HD in group 5-HD.The heart rate (HR),left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the maximum rate of increase and decrease of ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax) were recorded at the end of equilibration (T1) and 30 and 60 min of reperfusion (T2,3).At 90 min of reperfusion,the myocardial infarct size was measured by TTC staining,and the expression of total Cx43 (tCx43)and phosphorylated Cx43 (p-Cx43) in mitochondria was determined by Western blot analysis.The percentage of myocardial infarct size and p-Cx43/tCx43 ratio were calculated.Results Compared with group C,the HR,LVDP and ±dp/dtmax were significantly decreased,and the LVEDP was increased at T2,3,and the percentage of myocardial infarct size was increased in the other 4 groups,the expression of mitochondrial tCx43 and p-Cx43 was significantly down-regulated in I/R,Sev+5-HD and 5-HD groups (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of mitochondrial tCx43 and p-Cx43 in group Sev (P＞0.05).Compared with group I/R,the HR,LVDP and ±dp/dtmax were significantly increased,and the LVEDP was decreased at T2,3,the percentage of myocardial infarct size was decreased,and the expression of mitochondrial tCx43 and p-Cx43 was up-regulated in group Sev (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in Sev+5-HD and 5-HD groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group Sev,the HR,LVDP and ±dp/dt were significantly decreased,and the LVEDP was increased at T2,3,the percentage of myocardial infarct size was increased,and the expression of mitochondrial tCx43 and p-Cx43 was down-regulated in group Sev+5-HD (P＜0.05).There was no significant change in the pCx43/tCx43 ratio between the five groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane postconditioning attenuates myocardial I/R injury may be related to induction of mito-KATP channel opening and up-regulation of the expression of mitochondrial Cx43 in cardiomyocytes of rats.

Effects of octanol on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 protein expression and brain edema after ischemia reperfusion in rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the treatment of octanol on matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) protein expression,cerebral water content,infarction volume after ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods 150 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operated group (n=24),MCAO group (n=24),DMSO solvent control group (n=24) and octanol treatment group (n=24).A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced by suture method.TTC stain was used to detect the infarction volume,dry-wet weight method to determine the brain water content.The expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 protein was detected by immunofiuorescence and Western blot.Results At 24 h of reperfusion after ischemia for 2 h,the octanol treatment group compared with MCAO group brain infarction volume obviously decreased(P＜0.05),water content significantly reduced ((78.16± 1.47) ％ vs (80.88±0.73) ％,P＜0.05),the number of MMP-9 positive cells obviously decreased((10.67±2.16) vs (29.00±3.40),P＜0.05),the expression of MMP-9 protein significantly reduced ((0.14±0.01) vs (0.21±0.02),P＜0.05)and the number of TIMP-1 positive cells significantly increased ((27.83 ±2.13) vs (5.67± 1.03),P＜0.05),the expression of TIMP-1 protein obviously increased((0.42±0.01) vs (0.28± 0.01),P＜0.05).The difference between MCAO group and DMSO solvent control group was not statistically significant(P ＜0.05).Conclusion Octanol may reduce brain edema,brain infarction volume.Up-regulation the expression of MMP-9 and down-regulation the expression of TIMP-1 may be one of the underlying mechanisms of the octanol neuroprotection.

Stress in tendon healing / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:As mechanical load-bearing tissues, tendons have unique biomechanical characteristics. Mechanical loading is necessary in tendon development, and the tendon can alter its structure and biological behaviors in response to the various mechanical loading conditions. OBJECTIVE: To fuly understand the healing process and biomechanical properties of the damaged tendon so as to know the researching progress in the role of stress in the tendon healing process. METHODS: An electronic search of Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and PubMed databases was done for colection of reviews and papers addressing stress effects on tendon healing, and then we analyzed the role of stress in the healing process of tendon from the micro and macro levels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Totaly 59 relevant articles were enroled. Tendon is sensitive to stress, and it can change its structure and biological reaction in response to different stress loadings. Proper stress stimulus to the tendon is necessary to the tendon development and healing. How to achieve a good balance between the lowest (resulting in alienation effect) and the highest stress loadings (resulting in minimaly invasive injury) during the clinical tendon healing is a chalenge. At present the treatment of tendon injuries is stil a huge chalenge to clinicians, and the vast majority of tendon injuries belong to tissue healing.

Prospect of tissue-engineered tendons in clinical applications：how to improve mechanical properties, tissue integration and late-stage degradation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Tissue-engineered tendons have been used to repair the damaged tendon tissue. Use of tissue-engineered tendons for repair of tendon injury has become a hot spot in this research field. OBJECTIVE: To elaborate the types, advantages and disadvantages of seed cels, the design method, advantages and disadvantages of scaffold materials, and the factors that induced the formation of tendon, so as to promote the optimization of each joint, al of which benefit for mature construction of tissue-engineered tendons. METHODS: The related reviews and paper reports of tendon tissue engineering published from January 2000 to January 2015 were retrieved from Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China Knowledge Resources Database (CNKI) series database, Chinese Citation Database and PubMed database. The key words were “tissue engineering; tendon; tendon defect”. The research progress of seed cels, scaffold material and induction factors were analyzed. RESULTS AND COMCLUSION:The recent research of tissue-engineered tendons for repair of tendon injury has been summarized. Seed cels, scaffold, induction factors were discussed. Tendon stem cels, as a kind of seed cels, are currently the first choice in the process of tissue engineering tendon research, because tendon stem cels have the homology of the homogenous or autologous tendons and possess strong differentiation and proliferation capacities. However, there have been no systematic schemes regarding acquisition and proliferation and culture of tendon stem cels. The currently designed tissue-engineered tendons cannot meet the clinical requirements because of poor mechanical properties of tendon tissue, poor integration with the host tissue, being susceptible to degradation in late period and functional disuse. Induction factors are the laft key factors for tissue-engineered tendons for repair of tendon injury. The selection and use of induction factors are prerequisites for the regulation of tendon tissue development. But the categories of induction factors and the association and interrelationship between induction factors have not been fuly clear and studies are needed to further investigate these uncertainties.

Effect of arginine dentifrice on remineralization of initial enamel carious lesions / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate remineralization efficacy of an arginine containing dentifrice on initial enamel carious lesions in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human enamel blocks with early lesions were prepared and randomly divided into three treatment groups: negative control group (distilled and deionized water), positive control group (fluoride containing dentifrice and 0.14% sodium monofluorophosphate), and test dentifrice group (8.0% arginine and 0.14% sodium monofluorophosphate). The lesions were subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 10 days. Surface enamel microhardness of the enamel blocks from each group was measured before and after pH cycling, and the surface microhardness recovery was calculated. Then, specimens were analyzed for enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) through acid etching method, after which they were treated in demineralization solution for a 2 h period of acid challenge. The other specimens were sectioned and examined through polarized light microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the test dentifrice group, microhardness recovery and EFU were significantly higher than those in the negative control and positive groups. The test dentifrice group was significantly resistant to the acid challenge compared with the other groups. Conspicuous remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions was observed under polarized light microscopy among samples treated with test dentifrice, whereas the control groups showed no significant changes on enamel subsurface lesions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study presents the potential superiority of Pro-Argin dentifrice over conventional fluoride dentifrice in promoting the remineralization of initial enamel lesions.</p>

Effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on autophagy during ischemia-reperfusion injury to isolated rat hearts and the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on autophagy during ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury to isolated rat hearts and the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Methods Healthy adult male Wistar rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 250-280 g,were anesthetized.Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus.Eighty-four isolated rat hearts with I/R injury were randomly divided into 7 groups (n =12 each):normal control group (NC group),I/R group,sevoflurane preconditioning group (S + I/R group),normal control plus wortmannin group (NC + W group),I/R plus wortmannin group (I/R + W group),sevoflurane preconditioning plus wortmannin group (S + I/R + W group),and solvent group (S + I/R + D group).In NC group,the hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution for 180 min.In I/R group,the hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 30 min,and then subjected to ischemia for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion.In S+ I/R group,the hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 10 min,and then with K-H solution saturated with 2.5％ sevoflurane for 15 min,followed by 5 min washout with K-H solution before ischemia.In NC + W group,wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) 15 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before chest opening,and the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group NC.In I/R + W group,wortmarnin 15 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before chest opening,and the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group I/R.In S + I/R + W group,wortmannin 15 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before chest opening,and the other procedures were similar to those previously described in S + I/R group.In S + I/R + D group,dimethyl sulfoxide 1.5 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before chest opening,and the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group S + I/R.The HR,± dp/dtmax,left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were recorded at the end of equilibration and reperfusion.At the end of reperfusion,coronary effluent was collected to detect lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity,and myocardial specimens were obtained to calculate the percentage of myocardial infract size.The expression of autophagy marker LC3-Ⅱ and Akt,phosphor-Akt (p-Akt),mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR),and phosphor-mTOR (p-mTOR) was determined by Western blot.Results Compared with NC group,no significant change was found in the parameters of hemodynamics in NC + W group,and HR,± dp/dtmax and LVDP were significantly decreased,LVEDP,myocardial infract size,and LDH activity were increased,LC3-Ⅱ expression was up-regulated,and the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR was down-regulated in the other groups.Compared with group I/R,HR,± dp/dtmax,and LVDP were significantly increased,LVEDP,myocardial infract size,and LDH activity were decreased,LC3-Ⅱ expression was downregulated,and the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR was up-regulated in S + I/R and S + I/R + D groups,and no significant change was found in each parameter in S+ I/R+ W group.Compared with S + I/R group,HR,± dp/ dtmax and LVDP were significantly decreased,LVEDP,myocardial infract size and LDH activity were increased,LC3-Ⅱ expression was up-regulated,and the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR was down-regulated in S + I/R + W group,and no significant change was found in each parameter in S + I/R + D group.Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can decrease autophagy of myocardial cells during I/R through activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and enhancing mTOR activity in the downstream,thus protecting isolated rat hearts against I/R injury.

Effects of prone ventilation on extra pulmonary acute lung injury / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of prone ventilation in rats with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced extra pulmonary acute lung injury(ALI). Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,ALI group,supine position group(ALIS group)and prone position group(ALIP group). The ALI animal model was reproduced by intra-peritoneal injection of LPS 6 mg/kg,and 2 mL/kg sterile saline was intra-peritoneally injected in control group. After 24 hours,the ALIS group and ALIP group were mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in supine and prone positions respectively. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO2),wet to dry weight ratio of lung(W/D) were observed,and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukins(IL-6,IL-10)in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were measured. The degrees of histopathological changes of lung were investigated and assessed under light microscope. Results Compared with control group,PaO2 was significantly lower in ALI,ALIS and ALIP groups〔mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa):68±7,82±8,93±7 vs. 116±7〕,and the PaCO2 in ALI and ALIS groups was obviously higher(mmHg:53±6,51±5 vs. 43±7,both P<0.05);lung W/D ratio as well as levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in BALF were significantly higher in ALI,ALIS and ALIP groups〔lung W/D ratio:5.11±0.32, 4.71±0.38,4.53±0.45 vs. 4.48±0.15,TNF-α(ng/L):548±82,431±64,347±53 vs. 162±16,IL-6(ng/L):772±119,587±178,490±139 vs. 127±16,IL-10(ng/L):211±43,295±36,352±59 vs. 104±31,all P<0.05〕. Compared with ALI group,PaO2 in ALIS and ALIP groups was significantly higher,and in ALIP group,PaCO2 was lower,lung W/D ratio,TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF were obviously lower,while IL-10 in BALF was obviously higher(all P<0.05). Compared with ALIS group,the changes in ALIP group were more significant(all P<0.05). Compared with ALIS group,under light microscope,it was shown that the hyper-inflated areas were less,normal and collapsed areas were greater on the ventral side,and the collapsed area was less and the normal ventilation area was greater on the dorsal side in ALIP group(all P<0.05). Conclusion In rats with LPS-induced extra pulmonary ALI,the prone ventilation can improve gas exchange,promote uniform distribution of ventilation,decrease pulmonary edema and in the mean time attenuate inflammatory response.

Sevoflurane postconditioning protects hearts isolated from rats with diabetes mellitus of different duration against ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of sevoflurane postconditioning (Sevo-Postcon)on the hearts isolated from rats with diabetes mellitus (DM) of different duration against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)injury.MethodsSeventy-two pathogen-free male SD rats weighing 200-240 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =24 each):group Ⅰ rats without DM (C) ; group Ⅱ rats with 2 week DM (2w DM) and group Ⅲ rats with 6 week DM (6w DM).DM was produced by intraperitoneal (IP) 1％ streptozocin (STZ) 60 mg/kg and confirmed by fasting blood glucose concentration ＞ 16.7 mmol/L in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Hearts were isolated from rats and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) in a Langendorff apparatus.After a 15 min stabilization period,the isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of global no-flow ischemia followed by 75 min of reperfusion.Twelve hearts in each group were perfused after ischemia with KHB saturated with 3％ Sevo for 15 min followed by perfusion with regular KHB for 60 min.LVEDP,LVDP, ± dp/dt and HR were measured and recorded after 15 min stabilization (T0,baseline) and at 15 and 75 min of reperfusion (T1,2 ).Myocardial specimens were obtained at 15 min of reperfusion (T1) for detection of p-Akt expression (by Western blot analysis).Infarct size was determined at 75 min of reperfusion (T2).ResultsSevo-Postcon significantly improved cardiac function,reduced infarct size and up-regulated p-Akt expression in groups Ⅰ (C) and Ⅱ (2w DM),while in group Ⅲ (6w DM) Sevo-Postcon did not cause any change in cardiac function,infarct size and p-Akt expression as compared with the isolated hearts without Sevo-Postcon.ConclusionThe cardioprotective effect of Sevo-Postcon can be attenuated with increasing duration of DM by impairing PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.