[Role of animal gastric Helicobacter species in human gastric pathology].

Animal Helicobacter species other than Helicobacter pylori are also able to cause human gastritis, gastric ulcers, and MALT lymphomas. Animal Helicobacter species are presented with typical spiral fastidious microorganisms colonizing the gastric mucosa of different animals. Bacteria initially received their provisional name Helicobacter heilmannii, and out of them at least five species colonizing the gastric mucosa of pigs, cats, and dogs were isolated later on. A high proportion of these diseases are shown to be zoonotic. Transmission of pathogens occurs by contact. The factors of bacterial pathogenicity remain little studied.

[Domestic chromogenic medium for isolation of Helicobacter pylori].

The aim of the investigation was to design a differentially diagnostic selective medium for accelerated isolation and identification of H. pylori, by using with erythrite-serum agar with urea and amphotericin (ESAM). The developed nutrient medium and three control ones: blood agar (BA), blood agar with amphotericin B at a concentration of 2 microg/ml (BAA) and erythrite-blood agar with urea and amphotericin (EBAA) were comparatively studied on 12 freshly isolated H. pylori and 15 biopsy specimens from patients with various gastroduodenal diseases. P. vulgaris 019 (a positive control) and E. coli 657 (a negative control) were used as a control of urease activity. ESAM was shown to isolate H. pylori from the biopsy specimens in 80% of cases. The investigations have indicated that the proposed medium isolates H. pylori at the level of control media and accelerates identification with the preservation of the major biological properties of the microorganism. Thus, erythrite-serum agar with urea may be recommended for use at practical laboratories for the diagnosis of H. pylori-associated infection diseases.

[Helicobacter pylori in patients with disorders of hepatobiliary system].

AIM: Detection of H. pylori in gastric mucosa, bile-excreting ducts, livertissue, and bile of patients with different disorders hepatobiliary system (HBS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-six patients (52 females and 24 males) with following diagnoses: chronic noncalculous cholecystitis (25 patients), gallstone disease (28), liver cirrhosis (12), ischemic heart disease (control group, n = 11), admitted to hospitals in Kazan and Zelenodolsk (Republic of Tatarstan), were examined. Mean age of the patients was 56.5 years. Samples of bile as well as tissues of liver, bile ducts and gastric mucosa were used as materials for tests. Polymerase chain reaction and culture method were used for H. pylori detection. RESULTS: Analysis of obtained results showed association of clinical diagnosis and presence of H. pylori DNA in bile ducts mucosal epithelium. H. pylori was significantly more frequently detected in epithelium of bile ducts mucosa (66.7 +/- 13.6%) and bile(56 +/- 9.9%) than in liver tissue (33.3 +/- 13.6%) (p < 0.05). Rate of H. pylori detection in gastric mucosa (83.3 +/- 10.8% in patients with liver cirrhosis) correlated with its detection rate in bile ducts mucosa (66.7 +/- 13.6%). In the control group of 11 patients with ischemic heart disease H. pylori was not detected. In 16 samples of liver, bile ducts, and gastric tissues CagA-negative phenotype was observed. CONCLUSION: Presence of H. pylori in liver, bile ducts and bile could point to possible role of its microorganism in pathogenesis of hepatobiliary diseases.

[Isolation of Campylobacter fetus from persons with obstetric-gynecological infections].

Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus is a cause of different obstetric-gynecological diseases. It is a first time when rate of infection with Campylobacter was studied and connection between the infection and development of chronic gynecologic diseases and pathology of labor was established. Bacteria were isolated and identified in 36.0% +/- 0.7 of studied women admitted to inpatient clinics. It was established that Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus can cause abnormalities in placenta functions as well as different inflammatory processes during pregnancy.

[Intestinal microflora in rats under the conditions of a chronic toxic lesion of the liver]. / Mikroflora kishechnika krys v usloviiakh khronicheskogo toksicheskogo porazheniia pecheni.

Intestinal microflora in healthy rats and its changes under the conditions of experimental chronic toxic hepatitis were studied. The study revealed that in intact animals the microflora of the small intestine was represented by bacteria of the genera Escherichia, Enterobacter, Moraxella, Alcaligenes, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus. Bacteria of the genera Escherichia, Enterobacter, Moraxella, Alcaligenes, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Clostridium were isolated from the large intestine. No bacteria were found in the systemic blood, the contents of the portal vein, as well as in the liver parenchyma and the mesenterial lymph nodes. As the result of dysbiosis induced by the introduction of kanamycin and in chronic hepatitis caused by carbon tetrachloride the sharp decrease in the species composition of microbial communities (up to 2-3 species) in the small intestine and was observed along with penetration of bacteria into the blood stream, the mesenterial lymph nodes and the liver parenchyma. The tendency towards the restoration of the quantitative and qualitative microflora composition was noted following administration into experimental animals of bactisubtil and amixin--an inductor of interferonogenesis.

[Hospital infections and their prevention in dental clinics]. / Vnutribol'nichnye infektsii i ikh profilaktika v stomatologicheskikh poliklinikakh.

The retrospective analysis of medical documents from several dental clinics of Kazan in 1993-1995 revealed an increase in the occurrence of different form of hospital infections (HI) in patients. As the result of our investigations, the factors of the transmission of HI among the patients of dental clinics were established, the sources of infective agents were found out and the etiology of hospital purulent inflammatory diseases in dental clinics was studied. Some measures permitting the prevention of further increase in the occurrence of HI in the patients of dental clinics are proposed.

[The correction of the functional activity of alveolar macrophages in inducing a primary immune response in influenza]. / Korrektsiia funktsional'noi aktivnosti al'veoliarnykh makrofagov v induktsii pervichnogo immunnogo otveta pri grippe.

The functional activity of alveolar macrophages obtained from mice, both healthy and infected with influenza virus A/Aichi 2/68 (H3N2), as manifested by their capacity to initiate the development of primary immune response to sheep red blood cells and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide after the transfer of these macrophages to intact syngeneic recipients was studied. The capacity of alveolar macrophages to perform antigen-presenting functions in the induction of humoral immune response was shown, and at the same time the development of experimental influenza infection was found to essentially decrease these properties. The injection of the immunomodulating agent diuciphon into experimental mice somewhat enhanced the immune response after the syngeneic transfer of alveolar macrophages from infected mice to intact recipients.

Virus-specific immune response in the lungs of mice infected with influenza virus.

The time course of primary humoral immune response in NFS/N mice infected with the adapted influenza virus A/Aichi 2/68(H3N2) was followed by determination of the different class immunoglobulins in lungs, lung washings, and in blood serum. The quantity of antibody-producing cells (APC) was estimated by local haemolysis in gel. The presence of antibodies in serum and lavage fluid was tested by the methods of radial haemolysis and radial immunodiffusion. It was shown that the local immune response had developed earlier than systemic antibodies occurred in the serum.