RESUMO
A genetic theory of "multifactorial" malformations, i.e., anomalies of blastogenesis or organogenesis, involving polygenic predisposition with morphogenetic threshold effect, was developed by Sewall Wright in the 1920s and remains an essential basis of birth defects biology. Because of the phenomenon of universality, i.e., the deployment of identical inductive, or pattern-forming, upstream molecular mechanisms during the earliest stages of mammalian morphogenesis, Wright's work on guinea pig otocephaly is highly pertinent to "corresponding," i.e., homologous malformations in humans. This concept is illustrated on the hand of a human fetus in the Vilnius (Lithuania) Pathological Museum with anotocephaly, i.e., anencephaly and otocephaly so severe as to correspond to Wright's guinea pig otocephaly grade 11 or 12. The observation also supports our apology for old museums and old books as repositories for anomalies, no less important for their rarity.
Assuntos
Anencefalia/história , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/história , Feto/anormalidades , Patologia/história , Anencefalia/patologia , Animais , Doenças Fetais/história , Doenças Fetais/patologia , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Lituânia , Museus/históriaRESUMO
Two varieties of peripheral blood lymphocytes have been disclosed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases: one showing signs of degradation and nuclear chromatine elimination and the other one manifesting a state of biological activation, possibly of an immunologic nature. This karyostructural lymphocyte heterogeneity in SLE may cause a great scattering of these cells on histograms in respect to their nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid content determined by cytophotometry. On the other hand, the expressiveness of the scattering and the degree of predominance of negative tendency towards proliferation (with a shift to the left from 2 n) may thereby serve as a very objective quantitative indication of nuclear structure degradation and of loss by lymphocytes of chromatine with deoxyribonucleic acid during SLE.
Assuntos
DNA/sangue , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/sangue , Linfócitos/ultraestrutura , Criança , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/patologia , Linfócitos/análise , Microscopia EletrônicaRESUMO
By means of modelling arthritis by horseradish peroxidase it was possible to reproduce a process corresponding to immune synovitis. A considerable reduction of immunomorphological phenomena in joints, lymphoid tissue, heart, liver and kidneys was favoured by application of lymphoid tissue extracts. Comparison between the extracts of spleen and lymph nodes showed a more pronounced effect of spleen extract.
Assuntos
Artrite/patologia , Linfonodos , Baço , Animais , Artrite/induzido quimicamente , Artrite/imunologia , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre , Articulações/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Plasmócitos/imunologia , Coelhos , Baço/patologia , Extratos de TecidosRESUMO
Rabbits were infected by intraperitoneal implantation of a chamber with the L-forms of hemolytic streptococcus. Experiments demonstrated that no symptoms of an acute disease followed. Antibodies against the L-form was revealed in the blood serum in low titres. Cardiac valves, particularly the mitral, were affected in all the experiments animals. Histological study showed that changes in the tissues of the heart approched the rheumatic ones by special signs. L-forms were isolated (in the cultures) from the implanted chamber and the blood for up to 15 days after the infection.