Electrospun Nanofibers Loaded with Plantago major L. Extract for Potential Use in Cutaneous Wound Healing.

Plantago major L. is a plant available worldwide that has been traditionally used for several medical applications due to its wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This work aimed to develop and evaluate a nanostructured PCL electrospun dressing with P. major extract encapsulated in nanofibers for applications in wound healing. The extract from leaves was obtained by extraction in a mixture of water:ethanol = 1:1. The freeze-dried extract presented a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus Aureus susceptible and resistant to methicillin of 5.3 mg/mL, a high antioxidant capacity, but a low content of total flavonoids. Electrospun mats without defects were successfully produced using two P. major extract concentrations based on the MIC value. The extract incorporation in PCL nanofibers was confirmed using FTIR and contact angle measurements. The PCL/P. major extract was evaluated using DSC and TGA demonstrating that the incorporation of the extract decreases the thermal stability of the mats as well as the degree of crystallinity of PCL-based fibers. The P. major extract incorporation on electrospun mats produced a significant swelling degree (more than 400%) and increased the capacity of adsorbing wound exudates and moisture, important characteristics for skin healing. The extract-controlled release evaluated using in vitro study in PBS (pH, 7.4) shows that the P. major extract delivery from the mats occurs in the first 24 h, demonstrating their potential capacity to be used in wound healing.

Corn starch films as a long-term drug delivery system for chlorhexidine gluconate.

The present study describes the development of a chlorhexidine long-term drug delivery system using starch as a biodegradable polymer base. Three batches of thermoplastic starch films, containing starch particles/nanoparticles and chlorhexidine (CHX), were manufactured by casting. Morphological characterization showed an irregular surface with particles incorporated with chlorhexidine agglomerated in a starch matrix. Nanoindentation showed that the control film (without chlorhexidine) presented a more plastic and rigid behavior in relation to the films containing CHX. CHX was partially bounded to starch and prevented starch crystallization. Starch nanoparticles formed by precipitation were observed through transmission electron microscopy. By incorporating CHX into the solution, the nanoparticles presented different morphology, suggesting absorption of the drug. In vitro drug release was observed for 21 days by UV-vis spectrophotometry and released CHX amounted up to 19 mg/100 ml. Films presented microbiological potential for inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus growth as evaluated by the disk diffusion test in agar. It has been concluded that the developed film met the main requirements for a drug delivery system and that it is possible to be produced from a simple, cheap and reproduceable process.

The retranslocation of boron is influenced by the nutritional status of cherry tomato plants / A retranslocação do boro é influenciada pelo estado nutricional do tomateiro cereja

Boron (B) retranslocation may confer greater tolerance to B deficiency or toxicity, resulting in plants and fruits with better nutritional quality. Most plants do not demonstrate phloem mobility for B; however, some plants have natural mobility and others express it under stress conditions, such as nutritional stress. Therefore, we investigated the phloem mobility of B in cherry tomato plants with different nutritional status. The plants were cultivated in nutrient solution with adequate and insufficient doses of Potassium (K) and B. Furthermore, the plants received foliar fertilization with B in a mature leaf (F) in a localized form. The B content and amount in leaves near F were compared with leaves of the same age and position on control plants. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment and conducted in a randomized complete block design in a subdivided plot scheme with four replicates. Re-translocation of B between neighboring leaves was observed when the plant was without K deficiency and with B deficiency. In this nutritional status, leaves next to fertilized leaf with B (F) showed higher B amount when compared to leaves of the same position of control plants. Evidence suggests that retranslocation of B over relatively short distances (between leaves) can be influenced by the nutritional status the cherry tomato plants.

A retranslocação de Boro (B) pode conferir maior tolerância à deficiência ou toxidez de B, resultando em plantas e frutos com melhor qualidade nutricional. A maioria das plantas não demonstra mobilidade floemática para o B, contudo, algumas plantas possuem mobilidade natural e outras a expressam sob condições de estresse, como o estresse nutricional. Nesse sentido, foi investigada a mobilidade floemática do B em plantas de tomate cereja com diferentes status nutricionais. As plantas foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva com doses adequada e insuficiente de Potássio (K) e B. Adicionalmente, as plantas receberam, de forma localizada, fertilização foliar com B em uma folha madura (F). Os teores e os conteúdos de B nas folhas vizinhas a F foram comparados com folhas de mesma idade e posição de plantas controle. O experimento foi realizado em ambiente protegido e conduzido no delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Evidenciou-se retranslocação de B entre folhas vizinhas quando a planta estava sem deficiência de K e com deficiência de B. Neste status nutricional, as folhas vizinhas à folha aplicada (F) apresentaram maiores teores e conteúdos de B quando comparadas às folhas de mesma posição das plantas controle. As evidências sugerem que a retranslocação de B em distâncias relativamente curtas (entre folhas) pode ser influenciada pelo status nutricional de plantas de tomate cereja.

Impairment on nuclear maturation rate in oocytes from cows naturally infected by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) / Comprometimento na taxa de maturação nuclear em ovócitos de vacas naturalmente infectadas pelo herpesvírus bovino 1 (BoHV-1)

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an important bovine pathogen that is responsible for causing respiratory diseases and reproductive failures. The presence of BoHV-1 in an in vitro embryo production system affects fertilization, maturation, and embryonic development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the developmental capacity of oocytes from naturally infected cows with no reproductive history. Moreover, this study investigated the presence of viral DNA in cumulus oophorus complexes (COCs). Experimental groups were differentiated by titrating the antibodies detected through seroneutralization assays, establishing three groups: seronegative animals (titer lower than 2), low titer (2 to 8), and animals with a titer above or equal to 16. COCs were obtained from 15 donors during 22 sessions of ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. DNA was extracted from a pool of COCs obtained from all aspirations from the same donor as well as from whole blood and nested PCR reactions were performed. Only COCs with a compact layer of cumulus cells, an intact zona pellucida, and homogeneous cytoplasm were selected for in vitro culture and evaluation of nuclear maturation rate. After culturing for 24 hours, the oocytes were fixed and stained to evaluate the meiotic cell cycle stage. Oocytes that showed a chromosomal configuration in metaphase II were considered to have reached nuclear maturation. Compared with the other groups, the oocyte nuclear maturation rate in animals with a titer greater than or equal to 16 (50%) was compromised (P<0.05). However, the viral titer did not influence the maturation rate of bovine oocytes in animals exhibiting low titration (62.2%) when compared with the control group (76.7%). Viral DNA was not observed in the blood samples but was detected in the COC pool from three seropositive donors. In view of the results obtained, we conclude that natural infections by the BoHV-1 virus can compromise the nuclear maturation rate in cows, depending on the titration levels of antibodies against the virus. Moreover, viral DNA could be present in COCs, contradicting the hypothesis that seropositive animals with no history of clinical symptomatology pose a negligible risk of transmitting BoHV-1 by COCs.(AU)

Herpesvírus bovino 1 (BoHV-1) é um importante patógeno bovino, responsável por causar doenças respiratórias e falhas reprodutivas. A presença do BoHV-1 em sistema de produção in vitro de embriões afeta a fertilização, a maturação e o desenvolvimento embrionário. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de desenvolvimento de ovócitos oriundos de vacas infectadas naturalmente sem histórico reprodutivo. Além disso, este estudo investigou a presença do DNA viral em Complexos Cumulus Ooforus (COCs). Os tratamentos foram definidos a partir do título de anticorpos detectados pelos ensaios de soroneutralização, sendo estabelecidos três grupos: animais soronegativos (título menor do que 2), título baixo (2 a 8) e animais com título maior ou igual a 16. Os COCs foram obtidos de 15 doadoras durante 22 sessões de aspiração folicular guiada por ultrassom. A extração do DNA foi realizada em um pool de COCs de todas as aspirações de uma mesma doadora e no sangue total para a realização das reações de Nested-PCR. Para avaliação da taxa de maturação nuclear, foram selecionados para o cultivo in vitro somente os COCs com camada compacta de células do cumulus, zona pelúcida íntegra e citoplasma homogêneo. Após 24 horas de cultivo, os ovócitos foram fixados e corados em lâmina para a avaliação do estádio do ciclo celular meiótico. Os ovócitos que apresentaram configuração cromossômica em metáfase II foram considerados como tendo alcançado a maturação nuclear. Verificou-se comprometimento na taxa de maturação nuclear ovocitária (P<0.05) nos animais de título maior ou igual a 16 (50%). No entanto, não houve influência do título viral na taxa de maturação de ovócitos bovinos em animais que apresentaram titulação baixa (62,2%) quando comparados com o grupo controle (76,7%). O DNA viral não foi identificado nas amostras de sangue, mas foi detectado no pool de COCs de três doadoras soropositivas. Diante dos resultados encontrados conclui-se que vacas infectadas naturalmente pelo vírus BoHV-1 apresentam comprometimento na taxa de maturação nuclear, dependendo do grau de titulação de anticorpos contra o vírus. Ademais, o DNA viral pode estar presente em COCs contrariando a hipótese de que animais sorologicamente positivos e sem histórico de sintomatologia clínica oferecem risco negligível de transmissão do BoHV-1 por COCs.(AU)

Influence of the Culture Medium in Dose-Response Effect of the Chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans Biofilms.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of culture medium on dose-response effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) on Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilm and validate the use of the cation-adjusted-Müller-Hinton broth (MH) for the evaluation of antibacterial activity. Ultrafiltered Tryptone-Yeast Extract Broth (UTYEB) was compared against MH and MH with blood supplementation (MHS). For each medium, six groups (n = 4) were assessed: two negative control groups (baseline 48 and 120 h) and four experimental groups (0.0001, 0.001, 0.012, and 0.12% CHX). S. mutans biofilm grew on glass slides of each media containing 1% sucrose. After 48 h of growth, biofilms of baseline 48 h were collected and the other groups were treated for 1 min, twice a day, for 3 days, with their respective treatments. The media were changed daily and pH was measured. After 120 h, biofilms were collected and dry weight and viable microorganisms were determined. Results showed CHX dose-response effect being observed in all media for all the variables. However, MH and MHS showed higher sensitivity than UTYEB (p < 0.05). We can conclude that the culture medium does influence dose-response effect of CHX on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and that MH can be used for antibacterial activity.

Homeopatia aplicada à reprodução animal / Homeopathy applied to animal reproduction / Homeopatía aplicada a la reproducción animal

A homeopatia é um sistema terapêutico que propõe abordagem clínica e terapêutica para o tratamento do indivíduo doente, desenvolvida por Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann no final do século XVIII. No Brasil, a homeopatia foi introduzida por Benoit Mure, em 1840, tornando-se uma nova opção de tratamento. Como princípio básico tem-se a utilização de medicamentos dinamizados, ou seja, preparados a partir de substâncias animais, vegetais, minerais ou tecidos doentes. Existem duas leis que sustentam a homeopatia como parte da medicina. A primeira é a Lei dos Semelhantes - ?Similia simili buscurentur?- (os semelhantes que se curem pelos semelhantes) e, a segunda, a Lei do Vitalismo. O uso da homeopatia na reprodução se faz importante na busca de melhorias da fertilidade animal, tanto no diz respeito ao tratamento de patologias quanto na eficiência reprodutiva. Contudo, novos estudos devem ser desenvolvidos, uma vez que há divergências nos resultados encontrados na literatura.

Homeopathy is a therapeutic system proposing both clinical and therapeutic approaches to the treatment of the patient, developed by Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann in the late eighteenth century. In Brazil, homeopathy was introduced by Benoit Mure in 1840, becoming a new treatment option. The use of dynamized medication, or prepared from animal, vegetable or mineral substances, or from diseased tissue is at the core of homeopathy. There are two laws that support homeopathy as part of medicine. The first one is the Law of Similars - ?Similia simili buscurentur? - (like cures like). The second law is the Law of Vitalism. The use of homeopathy in reproduction is important in the search for improvement in animal fertility, both regarding the treatment of diseases and as in reproductive efficiency. However, further studies still need to be developed, since there are differences in the results found in literature.

La homeopatía es un sistema terapéutico que ofrece enfoque clínico y terapéutico para el tratamiento de la persona enferma, desarrollado por Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann a finales del siglo XVIII. En Brasil, la homeopatía fue introducida por Benoit Mure en 1840, convirtiéndose en una nueva opción de tratamiento. Como principio básico se ha utilizado drogas energizadas, es decir, sustancias preparadas a partir de animales, vegetales, minerales o tejidos enfermos. Hay dos leyes que apoyan la homeopatía como parte de la medicina. La primera es la ley de los semejantes - ?Similia simili buscurentur? - (los semejantes que se curen por los semejantes) y, la segunda, la Ley del Vitalismo. El uso de la homeopatía en la reproducción llega a ser importante en la búsqueda de la mejora de la fertilidad de los animales, tanto en lo que respecta al tratamiento de patologías como la eficiencia reproductiva. Sin embargo, nuevos estudios deben ser desarrollados, ya que hay divergencias en los resultados encontrados en la literatura.

Sazonalidade na congelabilidade de sêmen bovino / Seasonality in the freezability of bovine semen / Estacionalidad en congelamiento de semen bovino

O objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar e discutir os efeitos da sazonalidade nas características seminais de touros Bos taurus e Bos indicus antes e após o congelação, a fim de possibilitar maior rentabilidade econômica. Apesar da reprodução da espécie bovina não se caracterizar pela sazonalidade, estudos mostram a interferência das estações do ano na qualidade do sêmen de touros. O aumento da temperatura ambiente pode levar a elevação da temperatura testicular, das taxas metabólicas e das exigências de oxigênio, ocasionando alterações na espermatogênese e, por consequência, a um impacto negativo na reprodução. Touros Bos indicus obtêm melhor desempenho na estação mais quente do ano apresentando uma qualidade de sêmen satisfatória em relação a touros Bos taurus. Isso se deve à maior resistência dos zebuínos às altas temperaturas e a peroxidação lipídica causada pelo calor resultando em menor produção de espécies reativas ao oxigênio e menor aumento nos defeitos nas células espermáticas. Desse modo, touros de origem europeia não apresentam um bom desempenho durante alguns períodos mais quentes do ano o que leva a questionar se a relação custo-benefício de aproveitamento do sêmen para criopreservação justifica o processamento do mesmo pelas Centrais de Coleta e Processamento de Sêmen nesta época. Esse fato tem levado algumas empresas a suspender atividades em determinados meses do ano.(AU)

The objective of this review was to present and discuss the effects of seasonality in the semen characteristics of Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls before and after freezing in order to enable greater economic profitability. Even though the bovine reproduction is not characterized by seasonality, studies have shown the interference of the season on semen quality in bulls. The increase of temperature may lead to increase in testicular temperature, metabolic rates and oxygen requirements. Both thermal and oxidative stress will cause changes in the normal development of spermatogenesis, changing volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, vigor and morphology of sperm cells, resulting in an economically negative impact on reproduction. Bos indicus bulls presented better performance in the hottest season of the year, showing a satisfactory quality of semen when compared to Bos taurus bulls. This is due to the greater resistance to high temperatures of zebu bulls and lipid peroxidation caused by the heat resulting in lower production of species reactive to oxygen and smaller increases in defects in sperm cells. Thus, European bulls, such as Bos Taurus, do not present a good performance in some of the hottest periods of the year, which leads to questioning if the cost-effective use of semen cryopreservation justifies its processing by the Semen Collection and Processing Centers during these periods. This fact has led some national centers for semen suspend activities in certain months of the year.(AU)

El objetivo de esta revisión ha sido presentar y discutir los efectos de la estacionalidad en las características del semen de toros Bos taurus y Bos indicus pre y post congelación, con el fin de proporcionar mayor rentabilidad económica. A pesar de la reproducción vacuna no caracterizarse por la estacionalidad, estudios muestran la interferencia de las estaciones del año en la calidad del semen de toros El aumento de la temperatura ambiente puede conducir a elevada temperatura testicular, de las tasas metabólicas y de las exigencias de oxígeno, ocasionando alteraciones en la espermatogénesis y, por lo tanto, a un impacto negativo en la reproducción. Toros Bos indicus presentaron mejor rendimiento en la temporada más calurosa del año, presentando calidad de semen satisfactoria en comparación con toros Bos taurus. Esto es debido a mayor resistencia del ganado cebú a las altas temperaturas y la peroxidación de lípidos causada por el calor, que resulta en menor producción de especies reactivas al oxígeno y menos defectos en las células espermáticas. Así, toros de origen europea no presentan buen desempeño durante algunos períodos más calurosos del año, lo que lleva a cuestionar si la relación costo beneficio de aprovechamiento del semen para criopreservación justifica la tramitación del mismo por las Centrales de Recogida y Procesamiento de Semen en este periodo. Este hecho ha llevado a algunas empresas a suspender las actividades en ciertos meses del año.(AU)

Antifungal activity of plant extracts against microsporum canis and candida spp. strains / Actividad antifúngica de extractos de plantas contra cepas de microsporum canis y candida spp

Aiming to find a phytotherapeutic compounds to treat animal fungal infections, plants commonly found in Northeastern Brazil were evaluated in vitro against Microsporum canis and Candida spp. strains isolated from dogs and cats. The leaf ethanol extracts of Momordica charantia, Calotropis procera, Peschiera affinis and Piper tuberculatum and decoction of Mangifera indica were initially evaluated by the agar-well diffusion method. Four extracts induced growth inhibition zones against M. canis: P. tuberculatum (20 mm), M. indica (14 mm), M. charantia (13 mm) and P. affinis (11 mm). None of them were active against Candida spp. Broth microdilution tests were performed for M. canis strains (n=5), to find the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The geometric means for the MIC values were 590, 370, 350, 170 ug/mL, and for the MFC values were 1190, 750, 700, 340 ug/mL for M. charantia, P. affinis, P. tuberculatum and M. indica, respectively. Therefore, extracts from M. charantia, P. affinis, P. tuberculatum and M. indica are good candidates to produce antifungal phytotherapics since these extracts demonstrated good activity against M. canis.

Con el objetivo de encontrar compuestos fitoterapéuticos para tratar las infecciones por hongos de los animales, plantas que se encuentran comúnmente en el noreste de Brasil se evaluaron in vitro frente a cepas de Microsporum canis y Candida spp. aisladas de perros y gatos. Los extractos etanólicos de hojas de Momordica charantia, Calotropis procera, Peschiera affinis y Piper tuberculatum y la decocción de Mangifera índica fueron evaluados inicialmente por el método de difusión en pocillos de agar. Cuatro extractos indujeron zonas de inhibición del crecimiento contra M. canis: P. tuberculatum (20 mm), M. índica (14 mm), M. charantia (13 mm) y P. affinis (11 mm). Ninguno de ellos fue activo contra Candida spp. Se realizaron pruebas de microdilución en caldo para las cepas de M. canis (n = 5), para encontrar la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CIM) y la concentración fungicida mínima (CFM). Las medias geométricas de los valores de CIM fueron 590, 370, 350, 170 mg/ml, y para los valores de CFM fueron 1.190, 750, 700, 340 mg/ml de M. charantia, P. affinis, P. tuberculatum y M. indica, respectivamente. Por lo tanto, los extractos de M. charantia, P. affinis, P. tuberculatum y M. indica son buenos candidatos para la producción de fitoterápicos antifúngicos ya que estos extractos demostraron una buena actividad contra M. canis.

In vivo evaluation of fluoride dentifrice and diet control on the demineralization/remineralization process using laser readouts at the margin of the orthodontic bracket/enamel interface.

PURPOSE: To evaluate, in vivo, the effect of fluoride dentifrice and diet control on the demineralization/remineralization processes at the margin of bracket/enamel interface bonded with four different bonding materials, using optical microscopy and fluorescent laser (DIAGNOdent). METHODS: Premolars in 35 subjects (11 to 20 years old) were divided into Group 1 (n = 15) and Group 2 (n = 20). Four bracket/enamel interfaces (near points) and four points at a distance of 2 mm (distant points) were observed. Evaluations were made at the following times: 15 days before bracket bonding (T0), on day of bonding (T1), 1 week after bonding (T2), and 4 weeks after bonding (T3). Subjects received fluoride dentifrice, and toothbrush and were instructed to brush 3x/day, after main meals. Group 1 received the instructions at T1 and Group 2 at T0 and these were reinforced weekly. The Microarch brackets were bonded with four materials: Transbond XT; Concise Ortodôntico; Fuji Ortho LC and Monolok2. DIAGNOdent laser readouts were used for comparison. RESULTS: Data were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and Friedman tests (P < 0.05). Higher readouts were found at nearer points than at distant points; Group 2 presented lower readouts than Group 1; No differences were observed among bonding materials.

Association between insulin-like growth factor-I, thyroxine and follicle stimulating hormone on the survival and in vitro development of caprine preantral follicles / Associação entre fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-I, tiroxina ehormônio folículo estimulante sobre a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimentoin vitro de folículos pré-antrais caprinos

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência da interação entre o Hormônio Folículo Estimulante obtido da pituitária Humana (hFSH; 10 ng/mL), Fator de Crescimento Semelhante a Insulina Tipo 1 (IGF-I; 100 ng/mL) e Tiroxina (T4 ; 10, 20 ng/mL) na sobrevivência, ativação e crescimento de folículos pré-antrais cultivados in vitro. Fragmentos do córtex ovariano coletados a partir de 17 cabras adultas não gestantes foram submetidos a diferentes tratamentos que incluíam meio α-MEM+, IGF-I, hFSH, T4 e em seguida foram processados para histologia clássica e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Os resultados demonstraram uma redução no percentual de folículos normais, após um e sete dias de cultivo nos meios α-MEM+ (controle cultivado), T4 (10)/IGF-I, T4 (20)/IGF-I/hFSH e nos meios α-MEM+, IGF-I/hFSH, T4 (20)/IGF-I/hFSH, T4 (20)/IGF-I/hFSH, quando comparados ao controle não cultivado. Entretanto, o meio contendo T4 (20)/hFSH apresentou taxa de sobrevivência folicular superior aos demais tratamentos, quando cultivado por sete dias. Observou-se, ainda, que o diâmetro folicular quando cultivado neste meio não se alterou, quando comparado ao controle (não cultivado). As análises ultraestruturais confirmaram a integridade de folículos cultivados em meio contendo T4 (20)/hFSH. Em conclusão, o meio com T4 (20)/hFSH apresentou os melhores resultados, quando se avaliou sobrevivência, crescimento e aspectos ultraestruturais de folículos pré-antrais de caprinos cultivados in vitro.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the interaction between follicle stimulating hormone obtained from Human Pituitary (hFSH; 10 ng/mL), Insulin-like Growth Factor Type 1 (IGF-I; 100 ng/mL) and thyroxine (T4 ; 10, 20 ng/mL) on survival, activation and growth of preantral follicles (PAF) cultured in vitro. Fragments of ovarian cortex collected from 17 nonpregnant adult goats underwent different treatments that included α-MEM+ medium, IGF-I, hFSH, T4 and were processed for classic histology and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed a reduction in the percentage of normal follicles, after one and seven days of culture in media α-MEM+ (cultured control), T4 (10)/IGF-I, T4 (20)/IGF-I/hFSH and in media α-MEM+, IGF-I/hFSH, T4 (20)/IGF-I/hFSH, T4 (20)/IGF-I/hFSH, when compared to the non-cultured control. However, the medium containing T4 (20)/hFSH showed a follicular survival rate higher than the other treatments, when cultured for seven days. It was also observed that the follicular diameter did not change when cultured in this medium, when compared to the control (non-cultured). The ultrastructural analysis confirmed the integrity of follicles cultured in a medium containing T4 (20)/hFSH. In conclusion, the medium containing T4 (20)/hFSH showed the best results, when evaluating the survival, growth and ultrastructural aspects of caprine preantral follicles cultured in vitro.

Homeopatia aplicada à reprodução animal / Homeopathy applied to animal reproduction / Homeopatía aplicada a la reproducción animal

A homeopatia é um sistema terapêutico que propõe abordagem clínica e terapêutica para o tratamento do indiví- duo doente, desenvolvida por Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann no final do século XVIII. No Brasil, a homeopatia foi introduzida por Benoit Mure, em 1840, tornando-se uma nova opção de tratamento. Como princípio básico tem-se a utiliza- ção de medicamentos dinamizados, ou seja, preparados a partir de substâncias animais, vegetais, minerais ou tecidos doentes. Existem duas leis que sustentam a homeopatia como parte da medicina. A primeira é a Lei dos Semelhantes - “Similia simili buscurentur”- (os semelhantes que se curem pelos semelhantes) e, a segunda, a Lei do Vitalismo. O uso da homeopatia na reprodução se faz importante na busca de melhorias da fertilidade animal, tanto no diz respeito ao tratamento de patologias quanto na eficiência reprodutiva. Contudo, novos estudos devem ser desenvolvidos, uma vez que há divergências nos resultados encontrados na literatura...

Homeopathy is a therapeutic system proposing both clinical and therapeutic approaches to the treatment of the patient, developed by Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann in the late eighteenth century. In Brazil, homeopathy was introduced by Benoit Mure in 1840, becoming a new treatment option. The use of dynamized medication, or prepared from animal, vegetable or mineral substances, or from diseased tissue is at the core of homeopathy. There are two laws that support homeopathy as part of medicine. The first one is the Law of Similars - “Similia simili buscurentur” - (like cures like). The second law is the Law of Vitalism. The use of homeopathy in reproduction is important in the search for improvement in animal fertility, both regarding the treatment of diseases and as in reproductive efficiency. However, further studies still need to be developed, since there are differences in the results found in literature...

La homeopatía es un sistema terapéutico que ofrece enfoque clínico y terapéutico para el tratamiento de la persona enferma, desarrollado por Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann a finales del siglo XVIII. En Brasil, la homeopatía fue introducida por Benoit Mure en 1840, convirtiéndose en una nueva opción de tratamiento. Como principio básico se ha utilizado drogas energizadas, es decir, sustancias preparadas a partir de animales, vegetales, minerales o tejidos enfermos. Hay dos leyes que apoyan la homeopatía como parte de la medicina. La primera es la ley de los semejantes - “Similia simili buscurentur” - (los semejantes que se curen por los semejantes) y, la segunda, la Ley del Vitalismo. El uso de la homeopatía en la reproducción llega a ser importante en la búsqueda de la mejora de la fertilidad de los animales, tanto en lo que respecta al tratamiento de patologías como la eficiencia reproductiva. Sin embargo, nuevos estudios deben ser desarrollados, ya que hay divergencias en los resultados encontrados en la literatura...

Plastic optical fiber-based biosensor platform for rapid cell detection.

This work presents a novel, fast response time, plastic optic fiber (POF) biosensor to detect Escherichia coli. It discloses the technique for the development, calibration and measurement of this robust and simple-to-construct POF biosensor. The probes in U-shaped format were manufactured with a specially developed device. The calibration process led to the evaluation of the sensitivity, accuracy and repeatability by using solutions of sucrose for obtaining refractive indices (RI) in the range 1.33-1.39 IR equivalent of water and bacteria, respectively. The POF probes were functionalized with antibody anti-E. coli serotype O55 and tested firstly with saline and then with bacterial concentrations of 10(4), 10(6), and 10(8) colony forming units/ml (CFU/ml). The optoelectronic setup consists of an 880 nm LED connected to the U-shaped probe driven by a sine waveform generated by the Simulink (from Matlab(®)). On the other side of the probe a photodetector generates a photocurrent which is amplified by a transconductance amplifier. The output voltage signal is read by the analog-to-digital (A/D) input of the microcontroller. In all tested concentrations, the results presented a tendency of a decrease in the output signal with time, due to the attachment of the bacteria to the POF probe and consequent increase in the RI close to the sensitive area of the fiber surface. It has been shown that the system is capable of providing positive response to the bacterial concentration in less than 10 min, demonstrating good possibilities to be commercially developed as a portable field sensor.

Fatores que interferem na eficiência reprodutiva de receptoras de embrião bovino / Fators affecting the reproductive efficiency of bovine embryo recipients / Factores que interfieren en la eficacia reproductiva de receptoras de emvriones bovinos

As receptoras de embriões utilizadas no Brasil, normalmente, são animais mestiços (Bos taurus x Bos indicus), o que as tornam mais susceptíveis às variações ambientais devido ao componente genético taurino. O objetivo dessa revisão é identificar os fatores intrínsecos (corpo lúteo, progesterona, sincronia doadora vs. receptora, protocolos de sincronização, qualidade do embrião, dificuldade na inovulação e ordem da inovulação) e os extrínsecos (nutricionais, manejo e ambiente, raça e categoria animal) que interferem na eficiência reprodutiva das receptoras de embrião. As receptoras precisam estar aptas a receberem o embrião no dia da inovulação, para assim levar a gestação a termo. O manejo nutricional deve ser um aliado, mantendo o escore de condição corporal da receptora sempre adequada entre 2,75 a 4 (escala de 1 a 5). O manejo dos animais deve ter uma visão multidisciplinar, observando as possibilidades de minimizar o estresse sofrido pelas fêmeas, de acordo com as condições de cada propriedade. O estresse térmico por calor interfere nos resultados dos programas de transferência de embrião. Medidas simples como manter as receptoras em ambiente sombreado, com água e comida enquanto aguardam a inovulação podem melhorar a taxa de prenhez. A transferência deve ser feita de preferência nos horários de clima mais ameno.

The embryo recipients utilized in Brazil are often crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus), making them more susceptible to climatic variations due to the taurean genetic component. The aim of this review is to identify the intrinsic factors (corpus luteum, progesterone, synchronization between donor and recipient, synchronization protocols, embryo quality,difficulty in inovulation and inovulation order) as well as extrinsic factors (nutritional, handling and environment, breed and animal category) affecting the reproductive efficiency of embryo recipients. The recipients need to be ready to receive theembryo on the inovulation day in order to carry pregnancies to term. Nutritional management can be an ally, maintaining the body condition score of the recipients always adequate, between 2.75 and 4 (in a range from 1-5). The handling of animals must have a multidisciplinary approach, verifying the possible opportunities to minimize the stress experienced by females, according to the conditions of each property. The heat stress interferes in the results of embryo transfer programs. Simple actions such as keeping the recipients under shade, with food and water while waiting for inovulation might improve the pregnancy rate. The transfer must be made preferably during the cooler periods of the day. KEYWORDS: Bovine. In vitro embryo production. Animal reproduction. Pregnancy rates.

Las receptoras de embriones, utilizadas en Brasil, normalmente, son animales mestizos (Bos taurus x Bos indicus), lo que las hacen más susceptibles a las variaciones ambientales debido al componente genético taurino. El objetivo de esta revisión es identificar los factores intrínsecos (cuerpo lúteo, progesterona, sincronía donante vs. receptora, protocolos de sincronización, calidad del embrión, dificultad en la inovulación y orden de la inovulación) y los extrínsecos (nutricionales, manejo, ambiente, raza y categoría animal), que interfieren en la eficacia reproductiva de las receptoras de embrión. Las receptoras necesitan estar aptas a recibir el embrión en el día de la inovulación, para llevar el embarazo a término. El manejo nutricional debe ser un aliado, manteniendo el escore de condición corporal de la receptora, siempre adecuado entre 2,75 a 4 (escala de 1 a 5). El manejo de los animales debe tener una visión multidisciplinar, observando las posibilidades de minimizar el estrés sufrido por las hembras, de acuerdo con las condiciones de cada propiedad. El estrés térmico, por calor, interfiere en los resultados de los programas de transferencia de embrión. Medidas sencillas como mantener las receptoras en ambiente con sombra, agua y comida, mientras aguardan la inovulación, pueden mejorar la taza de preñez. La transferencia debe ser hecha, de preferencia, en los horarios de clima más ameno.

Proteína bruta, lisina e energia metabolizavel para matrizes suínas em reprodução / Crude protein lysine and metabolizable energy for sows in reproduction / Proteina bruta, lisina y energia metabolizable para hembras porcinas en reproduccioión

A atividade suinícola tem-se destacado nas últimas décadas por ser um dos setores agropecuários de elevado crescimento, eficácia e competitividade. Sabe-se que a nutrição dos animais vem passando por constantes mudanças, graças ao melhoramento genético implementado nas fêmeas suínas por meio de técnicas atualmente disponíveis. Geralmente, durante a lactação, o consumo voluntário de ração pelas porcas é insuficiente para atender às exigências de manutenção e máxima produção de leite, o que pode culminar em perda de peso corporal associada a diversos problemas reprodutivos. Devido ao baixo consumo, os nutricionistas precisam adequar programas nutricionais eficazes ao potencial genético e ao nível de produção das matrizes, tornando-se de fundamental importância, a elaboração de uma dieta com níveis mais elevados de nutrientes. Diante do exposto, esta revisão reúne informações referentes aos efeitos da proteína bruta, lisina e energia metabolizável sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de matrizes suínas.

Over the past decades, swine production has been one of the agricultural sectors presenting high growth, efficacy and competitiveness. It is known that animal nutrition has been going through constant changes due to genetic improvement implemented in sows through techniques that are currently available. Generally during lactation, voluntary feed intake by sows is not enough to provide the requirements for maintenance and maximum milk production, which can culminate in body weight loss associated to several reproductive problems. Due to low consumption, nutritionists need to provide nutrition programs that are effective to the genetic potential and reproduction level of the sows. Thus, it is of great importance to develop a diet with high levels of nutrients. With this fact, this review aims to gather information on the effects of crude protein, lysine and metabolizable energy on productive and reproductive performance of sows.

La actividad porcina se ha destacado en las últimas décadas por ser uno de los sectores agropecuarios de elevado crecimiento, eficiencia y competitividad. Se conoce que la nutrición de los animales viene pasando por constantes cambios, gracias al mejoramiento genético implementado en las hembras porcinas a través de técnicas actualmente disponibles. Generalmente, durante la lactación, el consumo voluntario de ración por las cerdas es insuficiente para atender a las exigencias de manutención y máxima producción de leche, lo que suele culminar en pérdida del peso corporal asociada a diversos problemas reproductivos. Debido al bajo consumo, los nutricionistas necesitan adecuar programas nutricionales eficaces al potencial genético y al nivel de producción de las matrices, volviéndose de fundamental importancia la elaboración de una dieta con niveles más elevados de nutrientes. Dado lo expuesto, esta revisión reúne informaciones referentes a los efectos de la proteína cruda, lisina y energía metabolizable sobre el rendimiento productivo y reproductivo de las cerdas.

Antifungal activity, toxicity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Coriandrum sativum L. fruits.

The aims of this study were to test the antifungal activity, toxicity and chemical composition of essential oil from C. sativum L. fruits. The essential oil, obtained by hydro-distillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Linalool was the main constituent (58.22%). The oil was considered bioactive, showing an LC50 value of 23 µg/mL in the Artemia salina lethality test. The antifungal activity was evaluated against Microsporum canis and Candida spp. by the agar-well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were established by the broth microdilution method. The essential oil induced growth inhibition zones of 28 ± 5.42 and 9.25 ± 0.5 for M. canis and Candida spp. respectively. The MICs and MFCs for M. canis strains ranged from 78 to 620 and 150 to 1,250 µg/mL, and the MICs and MFCs for Candida spp strains ranged from 310 to 620 and 620 to 1,250 µg/mL, respectively. C. sativum essential oil is active in vitro against M. canis and Candida spp. demonstrating good antifungal activity.

Avaliação in vitro do efeito-dose resposta da nanoemulsão do extrato etanólico de Lychnophora pinaster sobre células planctônicas e biofilme de Streptococcus mutans e sobre a desmineralização do esmalte dental ao redor de braquetes ortodônticos / In vitro evaluation of dose-response effect of ethanolic extract nanoemulsion of Lychnophora pinaster on Streptococcus mutans planktonic cells and biofilm, as well as on dental enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro o efeito dose-resposta da nanoemulsão do extrato etanólico de Lychnophora pinaster sobre células planctônicas e biofilme de Streptococcus mutans UA159 ATCC700610 e sobre a desmineralização do esmalte dental ao redor de braquetes ortodônticos. Além disso, foi avaliada a associação do íon flúor (F-), contido em um dos materiais de colagem de braquetes (Fuji Ortho LC), com a nanoemulsão, assim como a interferência da mesma sobre a força de adesão dos braquetes. Com as células planctônicas foram realizados Testes de Disco Difusão (DD), Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). A formação do biofilme sobre blocos de esmalte dental bovino, tendo braquetes Synergy colados, foi induzida utilizando-se meio de cultura Müller Hinton cátion ajustado (CLSI M7-A6), com exposição 8x/dia, durante 1 minuto, a sacarose 10%. Os blocos foram divididos em experimentos de acordo com o material de colagem, Transbond XT ou Fuji Ortho LC. Para cada material foram avaliados 6 grupos (n=4); 2 controles negativos (48 e 120 horas), 3 experimentais (nanoemulsão na CIM; CIM x 100; CIM x 1000) e 1 controle positivo (digluconato de clorexidina - CHX 0,12%), sendo que os experimentos foram realizados em duplicata. Após 48 horas, os biofilmes foram tratados 2x/dia, durante 1 minuto, com NaCl 0,9% (controle negativo), nanoemulsão (experimentais), ou CHX 0,12% (controle positivo). Os meios foram trocados a cada 12 horas e o pH mensurado a cada troca para avaliar a acidogenicidade do biofilme. Após 120 horas os biofilmes foram coletados e foi determinado peso seco, micro-organismos viáveis (UFC) e concentração de F-...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro dose-response effect of ethanolic extract nanoemulsion of Lychnophora pinaster on planktonic cells and biofilm of Streptococcus mutans UA159 ATCC700610, as well as on dental enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Moreover, it was evaluate the association of the ion fluorine (F-), contained in one of the bracket bond materials (Fuji Ortho LC), with the nanoemulsion, as well as the interference of the nanoemulsion on the brackets bond strength. With planktonic cells, the following tests were performed: Disk Diffusion Testing (DD), Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The biofilm was formed on bovine enamel blocks, in which Synergy brackets were bonded, using cátion adjusted Müller Hinton broth medium (CLSI M7-A6), exposed to 10% sucrose, during 1, minute 8x/day. The blocks were divided into experiments, according to the brackets bond materials, i.e., Transbond XT or Fuji Ortho LC. Six groups (n=4) were evaluated for each material,i.e., two negative control groups (48 and 120 hours), three experimental groups (nanoemulsion at MIC; MIC x 100; MIC x 1000) and one positive control group (chlorhexidine digluconate - 0.12% CHX), considering that the experiments were performed in duplicate. After 48 hours, biofilms were treated 2xday, during 1 minute, with 0.9% NaCl (negative control group), nanoemulsion (experimental groups) or 0.12% CHX (positive control group). The media was changed every 12 hours and the pH was determined every change to evaluated the biofilm acidogenicity. After 120 hours the biofilms were collected and it was determined dry weight, viable microorganisms (UFC) and F- concentration. The dental enamel demineralization was determined in transverse section (DZ) on positions 0, 100 and 500 μm of distance from the bracket, and it was evaluate the brackets shear strength according to bond materials...

Fracture resistance of composite resin cores with or without prefabricated posts over different substrates.

The fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth has been an obstacle to the durability of the remaining teeth and restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated bovine and human teeth that were restored with either prefabricated metal posts, glass fiber posts, or composite resin cores. Statistical analysis revealed significant difference between different substrates, but there was no statistically significant difference between different types of intraradicular posts or in the interaction between substrate and post types. The intraradicular posts do not increase the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. The metal posts presented more unfavorable fracture modes when compared to glass fiber posts and composite resin cores.

Repetibilidade em características biométricas do fruto de macaúba / Repeatability in biometric characteristics of macaw palm fruit

Estimativas do coeficiente de repetibilidade têm sido utilizadas no estudo de caracteres de várias espécies de palmeiras, auxiliando na definição do número e período adequado de avaliações dos genótipos para maior eficiência dos programas de melhoramento. Para macaúba, não há relatos de estudos dessa natureza. Nesse contexto, faz-se importante a determinação do coeficiente de repetibilidade das seguintes características biométricas dos frutos: peso do fruto, volume do fruto, diâmetro equatorial do fruto, peso da amêndoa, volume da amêndoa, diâmetro da amêndoa e espessura do endocarpo; e a determinação do número mínimo de avaliações para um eficiente processo de seleção e avaliação de subamostras de macaúba. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, analisando-se 145 subamostras de macaúba, provenientes de coletas realizadas nos estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Maranhão e Pernambuco. Houve diferença significativa para todas as características analisadas e observou-se concordância nas magnitudes dos coeficientes de repetibilidade de cada característica, obtidos pelos diferentes métodos. No entanto, os coeficientes de repetibilidade variam entre as oito características, de 0,68 a 0,99, observados para a característica espessura do endocarpo e volume da amêndoa, respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de determinação obtidas a partir das 10 repetições para as oito características e pelos quatro métodos foram superiores a 95 por cento. A avaliação de quatro frutos é suficiente para compreensão das características estudadas das subamostras de macaúba com 90 por cento de acurácia.

Estimates of repeatability coefficient have been used in character study of several species of palms, helping to define the number and appropriate period of assessment of genotypes to increase the efficiency of breeding programs. For macaw palm there are no reports of such studies. In this context it is important to determine the repeatability coefficient of the following biometric characteristics of fruits: fruit weight, fruit volume, equatorial diameter of the fruit, kernel weight, kernel volume, equatorial diameter of de kernel, and thickness of the endocarp, and the determination of the minimum number of ratings for an efficient selection process and evaluation of macaw palm subsamples. The study was conducted at the Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Viçosa, and 145 macaw palm subsamples were analyzed, from collections made in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Maranhão and Pernambuco. There were significant differences for all traits analyzed, and there was agreement on the magnitude of repeatability coefficients of each feature obtained by different methods. However, the repeatability coefficients ranging between eight characteristics, from 0.68 to 0.99, and were observed for feature endocarp thickness and volume of kernel, respectively. The coefficient of determination obtained from 10 repetitions for the eight features and the four methods were superior to 95 percent. The evaluation of four fruits is sufficient to assess the traits of macaw palm subsamples with 90 percent accuracy.

Water extracts of Brazilian leguminous seeds as rich sources of larvicidal compounds against Aedes aegypti L.

This study assessed the toxicity of seed water extracts of 15 leguminous species upon Aedes aegypti larvae. A partial chemical and biochemical characterization of water extracts, as well as the assessment of their acute toxicity in mice, were performed. The extracts of Amburana cearensis, Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Dioclea megacarpa, Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Piptadenia moniliformis caused 100 percent of mortalit y after 1 to 3 h of exposure. They showed LC50 and LC90 values ranging from 0.43 ± 0.01 to 9.06 ± 0.12 mg/mL and from 0.71 ± 0.02 to 13.03 ± 0.15 mg/mL, respectively. Among the secondary metabolite constituents, the seed water extracts showed tannins, phenols, flavones, favonols, xanthones, saponins and alkaloids. The extracts also showed high soluble proteins content (0.98 to 7.71 mg/mL), lectin (32 to 256 HU/mL) and trypsin inhibitory activity (3.64 = 0.43 to 26.19 = 0.05 gIT/kg of flour) The electrophoretic profiles showed a great diversity of protein bands, many of which already described as insecticide proteins. The extracts showed low toxicity to mice (LD50 > 0.15 = 0.01 g/kg body weight), but despite these promising results, further studies are necessary to understand the toxicity of these extracts and their constituentsfrom primary and secondary metabolism upon Ae. aegypti.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a toxicidade dos extratos aquosos de sementes de 15 espécies de leguminosas contra larvas de Aedes aegypti. Foi realizada uma caracterização química e bioquímica parcial dos extratos aquosos e a avaliação da toxicidade aguda em camundongos. Os extratos de Amburana cearensis, Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Dioclea megacarpa, Enterolobium contortisiliquum e Piptadenia moniliformis causaram 100 por cento de mortalidade depois de 1 a 3 h de exposição e mostraram valores de CL50 e CL90 entre 0,43 = 0,01 e 9,06 ± 0,12 e entre 0,71 = 0,02 e 13,03 = 0,15 mg/mL, respectivamente. Dentre os constituintes do metabolismo secundário, os extratos das sementes apresentaram taninos, fenóis, flavonas, flavonóis, xantonas, saponinas e alcalóides. Os extratos apresentaram alto teor de proteínas solúveis (0,98 to 7,71 mg/mL), lectina (32 to 256 UH/mL) e inibidor de tripsina (3,64 ± 0,43 to 26,19 = 0,05 gIT/kg de farinha). O perfil eletroforéticomostrou uma grande diversidade de proteínas, muitas dasquais já descritas como inseticidas. Os extratos mostraram baixa toxicidade ao camundongo (DL50 > 0,15 = 0,01 g/kg peso corporal), porém apesar desses resultados promissores, estudos posteriores são necessários para compreender a toxicidade desses extratos e de seus constituintes do metabolismo primário e secundário sobre Ae. aegypti.

Correlação entre a análise de Carrea e as dimensões intra-arcos de Nouer em crianças com dentição decídua clinicamente normal / Correlation between morphological analyses and intra-arch dimensions in child with deciduous dentition clinically normal

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a forma do arco dentário decíduo, verificando a correlação com as dimensões intra-arcos. Foram avaliados modelos de gesso de 30 crianças leucodermas de três a cinco anos, com dentição decídua completa, hígida, oclusão clinicamente normal e ausência de hábitos bucais deletérios, sendo que as crianças foram divididas por gênero. Foram utilizadas a análise de Carrea (1920) e as medidas intra-arcosde Nouer (1982): perímetro, comprimento total do arco e dos segmentos anterior e posteriore distâncias intermolares e intercaninos. Os dados demonstraram que o triângulo equilátero (ABC) descrito por Carrea foi observado em apenas 80% e 53,3% dos modelos superiores e em 40% e 20% dos modelos inferiores, nos meninos e meninas, respectivamente. Nosdemais casos foram encontrados triângulos isósceles. A coincidência entre a medida do perímetro do segundo molar inferior e a distância entre os segundos molares superiores, como Carrea afirmou existir, foi observada em apenas 30% da amostra. As correlaçõesentre as medidas dos triângulos e as dimensões intra-arcos foram analisadas por meio da correlação de Pearson (p < 0,05) e foram significativas entre a base dos triângulos (BC) e as distâncias intermolares (superior r = 0,90 e inferior r = 0,72) e entre BC e as distâncias intercaninos (superior r = 0,75 e inferior r = 0,64). Além disso, também houve correlaçãosignificativa entre os lados dos triângulos (AB e AC) e o perímetro dos arcos (superior r =0,70 e inferior r = 0,80). Concluiu-se que a análise de Carrea deve ser utilizada criteriosamente, associando-a com mensurações intra-arcos, como as de Nouer, para uma correta avaliação da dentição decídua.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the deciduous dental arch form, verifyingthe correlation with the intra-arch dimensions. It was evaluated dental casts of the 30 Caucasian children, aged between 3 and 5 years with complete deciduous dentition, without caries,normal occlusion and absence of deleterious oral habit, they were divided by gender. It was used the Garrea (1920) analyses and the intra-arch measurements by Nouer (1982): perimeter, arch total, anterior and posterior length, and the inter-molar and inter-canine distances. The data showed that the equilateral triangle (ABG) was observed in just 80% and 53.3% of theupper casts, and in 40% and 20% of the lower cast, on boys and girls, respectively. In the other cases, it was observed isosceles triangles. The coincidence between the second lowermolar perimeter and the second upper molar distances, according to Garrea affirmative, was observed injust 30% of this data. The correlation between the measurements of the trianglesand the intra-arch dimensions were analyzed by Pearson correlation (p < 0.05) and they were significant between the triangle bases (BG) and the inter-molar distances (upper r = 0.90 andlower r = 0.72), and between BG and the inter-canines distances (upper r = 0.75 and lower r = 0.64). Besides that, it was found significant correlation between the triangles sides (AB and AG) and the arch perimeters (upper r = 0.70 and lower r = 0.80). It was conclude thatthe Garrea analyses must be used with criteria and associated with intra-arch measurements, as Nouer's one, for a correct evaluation of the deciduous dentition.