Topological Fano-resonance with type-II and type-III corner states.

Topological corner states have been used to develop topologically robust Fano-resonant systems immune to structural perturbations while preserving the ultra-sensitive profiles under external factors. In this work, we have extended the possibility of obtaining Fano-resonant systems by introducing type-II and type-III corner states with a large modal surface to this class of resonance. Through photonic lattices with low symmetry, such as C2, it is easy to obtain type-II and type-III corner states due to the tailoring of long-range interactions. Subsequently, one can combine topological cavities of type-II and type-III corner modes with topological waveguides obtained from a first-order topological insulating phase. Our results may pave the way to generate devices suitable for creating non-classical light applicable in quantum computing and ultra-sensitive sensors employing large-area topological states.

Association of the rs5186 polymorphism of the AGTR1 gene with decreased eGFR in patients with type 2 diabetes from Mexico City.

BACKGROUND: Early biomarkers search for Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), as genetic markers to identify vulnerable carriers of the disease even before Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) decline or microalbuminuria development, has been relevant during the last few years. The rs5186 (A116C) polymorphism of the Angiotensin II Receptor Type I gene (AGTR1), has been associated to multiple effects of renal injury risk, commonly detected in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It has been described that rs5186 could have an effect in stability proteins that assemble Angiotensin II Receptor Type I (AT1), modifying its action, which is why it should be considered as a risk factor for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), characterized by a GFR progressive reduction. Even though, the association between rs5186 AGTR1 gene polymorphism and DKD in patients with T2DM has been controversial, inconclusive, and even absent. This disputable issue might be as a result of association studies in which many and varied clinical phenotypes included are contemplated as CKD inductors and enhancers. Although, the sample sizes studied in patients with T2DM are undersized and did not have a strict inclusion criteria, lacking of biochemical markers or KDOQI classification, which have hindered its examination. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to establish an association between rs5186 AGTR1 gene polymorphism and GFR depletion, assessed as a risk factor to DKD development in patients with T2DM. METHODS: We analyzed 297 not related patients with T2DM, divided into 221 controls (KDOQI 1) and 76 cases (KDOQI 2). Arterial pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. rs5186 of AGTR1 genotyping was performed by TaqMan assay real-time PCR method. Allele and genotype frequencies, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were measured. Normality test for data distribution was analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test, variable comparison by Student's t-test for continuous variables, and Chi-squared test for categorical variables; ANOVA test was used for mean comparison of more than two groups. Effect of rs5186 to DKD was estimated by multiple heritability adjustment models for risk variables of DKD. Statistical significance was indicated by p<0.05. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package STATA v11 software. RESULTS: Dominant and Over-dominant models showed a likelihood ratio to GFR depletion of 1.89 (1.05-3.39, p=0.031) and 2.01 (1.08-3.73, p=0.023) in patients with T2DM. Risk factor increased to 2.54 (1.10-5.89) in women in Over-dominant model. CONCLUSION: In clinical practice, most of nephropathies progress at a slow pace into a total breakdown of renal function, even asymptomatic. This is the first study, reporting that rs5186 polymorphism of AGTR1 gene contribution to GFR depletion, and this could be evaluated as a predisposing factor for DKD in patients with T2DM.

Asociación del polimorfismo rs5186 del gen AGTR1 con disminución de la TFGe en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 de la Ciudad de México / Association of the rs5186 polymorphism of the AGTR1 gene with decreased eGFR in patients with type 2 diabetes from Mexico City

Antecedentes: La búsqueda de biomarcadores tempranos de enfermedad renal diabética (ERD) en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2), como los marcadores genéticos para identificar pacientes vulnerables de la enfermedad, incluso antes de la presencia de una disminución de la estimación de tasa de filtrado glomerular (TFGe) o presencia de microalbuminuria ha cobrado importancia en los últimos años. El polimorfismo rs5186 (A1166C) presente en el gen receptor tipo 1 de la angiotensina II (AGTR1) ha sido asociado a distintos efectos del riesgo de daño renal que suelen estar presentes en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM). Se ha descrito que el rs5186 podría influir en la estabilidad de las proteínas que conforman al receptor de la angiotensina II tipo 1 (AT1) alterando su actividad, por lo que podría ser considerado como un factor de riesgo a enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) caracterizada por una disminución progresiva de la TFG. Sin embargo, la asociación del polimorfismo rs5186 del gen AGTR1 con ERD en pacientes con DMT2 ha sido controversial, no concluyente, incluso nula. Las controversias podrían ser por los estudios de asociación y estimación del riesgo del rs5186 previamente reportados incluyen distintos fenotipos clínicos considerados como inductores y potenciadores de ERC, además, los tamaños de las muestras analizadas en pacientes con DMT2 eran pequeñas y no tenían un control estricto en su inclusión, careciendo incluso de marcadores bioquímicos o estadificación KDOQI que han dificultado su análisis. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación del rs5186 del gen AGTR1 con la disminución de TFGe considerada como riesgo al desarrollo de ERD en pacientes con DMT2.(AU)

Background: Early biomarkers search for Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), as genetic markers to identify vulnerable carriers of the disease even before Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) decline or microalbuminuria development, has been relevant during the last few years. The rs5186 (A116C) polymorphism of the Angiotensin II Receptor Type I gene (AGTR1), has been associated to multiple effects of renal injury risk, commonly detected in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It has been described that rs5186 could have an effect in stability proteins that assemble Angiotensin II Receptor Type I (AT1), modifying its action, which is why it should be considered as a risk factor for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), characterized by a GFR progressive reduction. Even though, the association between rs5186 AGTR1 gene polymorphism and DKD in patients with T2DM has been controversial, inconclusive, and even absent. This disputable issue might be as a result of association studies in which many and varied clinical phenotypes included are contemplated as CKD inductors and enhancers. Although, the sample sizes studied in patients with T2DM are undersized and did not have a strict inclusion criteria, lacking of biochemical markers or KDOQI classification, which have hindered its examination.Objective: The aim of our study was to establish an association between rs5186 AGTR1 gene polymorphism and GFR depletion, assessed as a risk factor to DKD development in patients with T2DM. (AU)

Double resonance between corner states in distinct higher-order topological phases.

Recent studies have shown that higher-order topologies in photonic systems lead to a robust enhancement of light-matter interactions. Moreover, higher-order topological phases have been extended to systems even without a band gap, as in Dirac semimetals. In this work, we propose a procedure to simultaneously generate two distinctive higher-order topological phases with corner states that allow a double resonant effect. This double resonance effect between the higher-order topological phases, was obtained from the design of a photonic structure with the ability to generate a higher-order topological (HOTI) insulator phase in the first bands and a higher-order Dirac half-metal phase (HODSM). Subsequently, using the corner states in both topological phases, we tuned the frequencies of both corner states such that they were separated in frequency by a second harmonic. This idea allowed us to obtain a double resonance effect with ultra-high overlap factors, and a considerable improvement in the nonlinear conversion efficiency. These results show the possibility of producing a second-harmonic generation with unprecedented conversion efficiencies in topological systems with simultaneous HOTI and HODSM phases. Furthermore, since the corner state in the HODSM phase presents an algebraic 1/rdecay, our topological system can be helpful in experiments about the generation of nonlinear Dirac-ligh-matter interactions.

Manual de orientaciones metodológicas para el desarrollo de actividades vocacionales en las ciencias médicas / Manual of methodological guidelines for the development of vocational activities in the medical sciences

Fundamento: una vía para fortalecer el trabajo extensionista es la labor de formación vocacional y orientación profesional; actividad esta factible de ser perfeccionada a través del trabajo metodológico. Objetivo: elaborar un manual de orientaciones metodológicas para el desarrollo de actividades vocacionales vinculadas a proyectos comunitarios de salud. Métodos: se realizó una investigación panorámica cualitativa en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante septiembre 2018- septiembre 2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico- sintético, inductivo- deductivo; y empíricos: análisis documental y la entrevista a informantes clave. El producto fue valorado por criterio de especialistas. Resultados: se diagnosticaron necesidades de orientación sobre la ejecución de proyectos de investigación comunitaria desde la labor vocacional y profesional, por falta de experiencia en esta actividad y no existir un material de apoyo de consulta para desarrollar actividades vocacionales con fines investigativos en la solución de problemas de salud en la comunidad, para lo cual se elaboró el manual de orientaciones metodológicas. Conclusiones: se elaboró un manual de orientaciones metodológicas para el desarrollo de actividades vocacionales vinculadas a proyectos comunitarios de salud que constituye un material de apoyo para desarrollar actividades vocacionales en centros escolares que contribuyan a la solución de problemas de salud en la comunidad desde la investigación científica participativa.

Background: one way to strengthen extension work is the work of vocational training and professional guidance; activity is feasible to be perfected through methodological work. Objective: to prepare a manual of methodological guidelines for the development of vocational activities linked to community health projects. Methods: a qualitative panoramic investigation was carried out at the Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, from September 2018-September 2022. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive; and empirical: documentary analysis and interviews with key informants. The product was evaluated by specialist criteria. Results: Guidance needs were diagnosed on the execution of community research projects from vocational and professional work, due to lack of experience in this activity and there being no support material for consultation to develop vocational activities for investigative purposes in solving problems of health in the community, for which the methodological guidelines manual was prepared. Conclusions: the manual constitutes support material to develop vocational activities in schools so that they contribute to the solution of community health problems through participatory scientific research.

Antioxidant Activity and Kinetic Characterization of Chlorella vulgaris Growth under Flask-Level Photoheterotrophic Growth Conditions.

C. vulgaris is a unicellular microalgae, whose growth depends on the conditions in which it is found, synthesizing primary and secondary metabolites in different proportions. Therefore, we analyzed and established conditions in which it was possible to increase the yields of metabolites obtained at the flask level, which could then be scaled to the photobioreactor level. As a methodology, a screening design was applied, which evaluated three factors: type of substrate (sodium acetate or glycerol); substrate concentration; and exposure-time to red light (photoperiod: 16:8 and 8:16 light/darkness). The response variables were: cell division; biomass; substrate consumption; and antioxidant activity in intracellular metabolites (ABTS•+ and DPPH•). As a result, the sodium acetate condition of 0.001 g/L, in a photoperiod of 16 h of light, presented a doubling time (Td = 4.84 h) and a higher rate of division (σ = 0.20 h-1), having a final biomass concentration of 2.075 g/L. In addition, a higher concentration of metabolites with antioxidant activity was found in the sodium acetate (0.629 Trolox equivalents mg/L ABTS•+ and 0.630 Trolox equivalents mg/L DPPH•). For the glycerol, after the same photoperiod (16 h of light and 8 h of darkness), the doubling time (Td) was 4.63 h, with a maximum division rate of σ = 0.18 h-1 and with a biomass concentration at the end of the kinetics of 1.4 g/L. Sodium acetate under long photoperiods, therefore, is ideal for the growth of C. vulgaris, which can then be scaled to the photobioreactor level.

Severe Quantitative Scale of Acanthosis Nigricans in Neck is Associated with Abdominal Obesity, HOMA-IR, and Hyperlipidemia in Obese Children from Mexico City: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a clinical sign that commonly occurs in obesity; however, its specificity and sensitivity have been controversial. It is unknown if AN severity degree can be a useful marker for cardiometabolic disorders screening. We suggest that the stratified analysis of AN severity degree in neck by Burke's scale could be a useful tool in the screening of cardiometabolic alterations in obese children. Objective: The aim of this study was the association of AN severity degree in neck by Burke's scale with anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters in obese school-age children from Mexico City. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 95 obese school-age children stratified by AN severity degree in neck by Burke's scale. Anthropometric and fasting biochemical measurements were determined. Variables were compared by x 2 test for frequencies and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttest for continuous variables. Linear regression analysis adjusted by gender, BMI, and age was performed to evaluate the association between AN severity degree and cardiometabolic alterations. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: As AN severity degree in neck by Burke's scale increased, diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001) and triglycerides (p=0.02) significantly increased and adiponectin significantly decreased (p=0.02). Positive associations between grade 3 AN and waist circumference, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were observed. Conclusion: Our findings could be used to identify an easier clinical tool to prevent obesity progression and its complications in pediatrics. There are no similar studies.

Estrategia de superación profesional para la atención médica integral a la salud del trabajador / Professional improvement strategy for comprehensive medical care for workers' health

RESUMEN Fundamento: el Sistema Nacional de Salud cubano tiene la necesidad, la voluntad política y los instrumentos legales para incrementar la exigencia en la formación y superación de sus recursos humanos. Objetivo: diseñar una estrategia de superación profesional para el mejoramiento del desempeño del especialista en Medicina General Integral en la atención médica integral a la salud del trabajador. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo cuasiexperimento en el municipio de Santa Clara, provincia de Villa Clara, en el período comprendido enero-mayo de 2019. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inducción-deducción, sistémico- estructural-funcional y modelación; empíricos: análisis documental, prueba de desempeño, consulta a expertos y encuesta de satisfacción; y estadísticos. Resultados: el análisis documental evidenció la ausencia en los planes de superación de actividades que aborden como contenido la salud ocupacional, dirigido a los especialistas en Medicina General Integral. La nota promedio de la prueba de desempeño antes de aplicar la estrategia fue de 59,62 puntos y posterior a su ejecución 74,54 puntos, lo cual posibilitó a los expertos medir la validez teórica de la propuesta y su pertinencia. Conclusiones: la estrategia de superación profesional para la atención médica integral a la salud del trabajador permitió resolver problemas de la práctica del médico de familia, al producir cambios en las acciones integrales de salud y aminorar las contradicciones entre el estado actual y el deseado del desempeño.

ABSTRACT Background: the Cuban National Health System has the need, the political will and the legal instruments to increase the demand in the training and improvement of its human resources. Objective: to design a professional improvement strategy to improve the performance of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine in comprehensive medical care for the health of the worker. Methods: a quasi-experiment study type was carried out in the municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara province, from January to May 2019. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, induction-deduction, systemic- structural-functional and modeling; empirical ones: documentary analysis, performance test, expert consultation and satisfaction survey; and statistics. Results: the documentary analysis showed the absence in the plans for overcoming activities that address occupational health as content, aimed at specialists in Comprehensive General Medicine. The average score of the performance test before applying the strategy was 59.62 points and after its execution 74.54 points, which allowed the experts to measure the theoretical validity of the proposal and its relevance. Conclusions: the professional improvement strategy for comprehensive medical care for health worker's allowed solving problems of GPs practice, by producing changes in the comprehensive health actions and reducing the contradictions between the current and desired state of performance.

Oclusión en niños con dentición mixta, estudio de patrón facial y tipo de oclusión en Ecuador / Occlusion in children with mixed dentition, facial pattern study and type of occlusion in Ecuador

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la morfología facial y la asociación sagital interarcos en niños con dentición mixta. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal realizado en 100 escolares de 6 a 12 años de edad. La valoración clínica del perfil facial de la oclusión se realizó, mediante fotografías extraorales e intraorales y modelos de estudio por dos evaluadores examinadores con una confiabilidad en su criterio diagnóstico, considerando los criterios de Capelozza. Resultados: Se constató una relación estrecha entre el patrón facial con la clase molar y canina. Excepto el patrón II, en el cual sí existió correlación con la clase II molar, pero no con la clase II canina. Se evidenció mayor heterogeneidad en la distribución de las clases del patrón I. En el patrón II, las clases se presentaron más homogéneas con más del 70% de individuos con clase II, en su relación molar. La prueba Chi Cuadrado de Pearson determinó un p= 0,678 al considerar la relación canina de ambos lados. Conclusiones: El estudio reveló prevalencia de clase I canina decidua en ambos géneros. Clase I y II molar permanente en iguales proporciones en ambos géneros. Respecto a la edad, aquellos de entre 6 a 10 años fueron más tendientes a la clase II molar.

Abstract Objective: Define facial morphology and sagittal association in children with mixed dentition. Materials and methods: Descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study of 100 students aged 6 to 12 years. The clinical evaluation of the facial profile of the occlusion was made through extraoral and intraoral photographs and study models by two examining evaluators with a reliability in their diagnostic criteria, considering the Capelozza criteria. Results: A close relationship was found between the facial pattern with the molar and canine class. Except pattern II, in which there was correlation with class II molar, but not with canine class II. The heterogeneity in the distribution of the classes of pattern I was evidenced. In class II, the classes were more homogeneous with more than 70% of class II individuals in their molar relationship.The Pearson Chi Square test determined a p = 0.678 when considering the canine relationship on both sides. Conclusions: The study revealed prevalence of canine class I deciduous in both genders. Class I and II molar permanent in equal proportions in both genders. With regard to age, those between 6 and 10 years were more tending to class II molar.

Insurance status as a modifier of the association between race and stage of prostate cancer diagnosis in Florida during 1995 and 2013.

BACKGROUND: Cancer stage at diagnosis is a critical prognostic factor regarding a patient's health outcomes. It has yet to be shown whether insurance status across different race has any implications on the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate whether insurance status was a modifier of the association between race and stage of previously undetected prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis in Florida between 1995 and 2013. METHODS: Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey using information from the Florida Cancer Data System (n = 224,819). Study participants included black and white males diagnosed with prostate cancer in Florida between 1995 and 2013. The main outcome variable was stage of prostate cancer at diagnosis. The main independent variable was race (black vs white). Adjusted logistic regression models were used to explore the association between race, insurance status and stage at diagnosis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Black males were more likely to be diagnosed with late stage prostate cancer (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.27-1.35). Being uninsured (OR 2.28; 95% CI 2.13-2.45) or having Medicaid (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.70-1.98) was associated with a diagnosis of late stage cancer. Stratified analysis for health insurance revealed that blacks had an increased risk for late stage cancer if uninsured (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.07-1.55) and if having Medicare (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.31-1.48). CONCLUSION: Insurance status may modify the effect of race on late stage prostate cancer in black patients.

Acciones de capacitación integral para cuadros y reservas médicos en Villa Clara / Integral training actions for cadres and medical reserves of Villa Clara

Fundamento: la preparación de cuadros y reservas debe ser integral y sistemática, e incluir en ella aspectos pedagógicos y metodológicos. Objetivo: diseñar acciones de capacitación integral para cuadros y reservas médicos en la provincia de Villa Clara. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de investigación-acción en centros de salud de Villa Clara, durante el período de enero a mayo 2012. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos. La investigación constó de dos etapas: diagnóstico de la situación actual y diseño de acciones de capacitación. Resultados: se evidenciaron insuficiencias en la capacitación integral de los cuadros y reservas en lo referente a su preparación pedagógica, lo que repercute en su desempeño integral: docencia, administración e investigación y se diseñaron acciones para su capacitación. Conclusiones: se constató una deficiente percepción de la importancia de la superación individual en temas pedagógicos en los encuestados, lo que se demostró con la identificación de una carencia encubierta de aprendizaje en estos temas. Las acciones diseñadas fueron valoradas positivamente por los especialistas consultados.

Background: the training of cadres and reserves must be integral and systematic, and to include in it pedagogical and methodological aspects. Objective: to design actions of integral training for cadres and medical reserves in the province of Villa Clara. Methods: an action research study was done in health centers of Villa Clara, from January to May 20l2. Theoretical and empirical methods were used. The research project had two stages: a diagnosis of the current situation, and a design of training actions. Results: insufficiency in the integral training of the cadres and reserves related to their pedagogical training was detected, something that has effects on their integral performance, teaching, administration and research work. Actions for their training were designed. Conclusions: it was verified a deficient perception of the importance of the individual upgrading in pedagogical themes in those people polled, something that was evident with the shortage of learning about these themes. The designed actions were assessed positively by the specialists that were consulted.

Guatemala: paradigma en la formación de recursos humanos en salud / Guatemala: paradigm in the training of health human resources

La República de Guatemala presenta insuficientes recursos humanos en salud y se evidencia una falta de planificación e incoordinación entre las instituciones formadoras y la autoridad sanitaria, así como poca adecuación de los recursos formados a las necesidades de los servicios. El programa integral de salud que se desarrolla a través de la misión cubana se constituye en un proceso asistencial, docente e investigativo dirigido a la práctica profesionalizante del internado y a la formación académica de los galenos, teniendo como figura al tutor cubano especialista en Medicina General Integral. Una vez graduado el médico, se establece como principio laborar en las regiones de donde proviene o zonas más postergadas, lo cual posibilita la mejoría de los indicadores de salud del país(AU)

Y-chromosomal diversity in Haiti and Jamaica: contrasting levels of sex-biased gene flow.

Although previous studies have characterized the genetic structure of populations from Haiti and Jamaica using classical and autosomal STR polymorphisms, the patrilineal influences that are present in these countries have yet to be explored. To address this lacuna, the current study aims to investigate, for the first time, the potential impact of different ancestral sources, unique colonial histories, and distinct family structures on the paternal profile of both groups. According to previous reports examining populations from the Americas, island-specific demographic histories can greatly impact population structure, including various patterns of sex-biased gene flow. Also, given the contrasting autosomal profiles provided in our earlier study (Simms et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 142 (2010) 49-66), we hypothesize that the degree and directionality of gene flow from Europeans, Africans, Amerindians, and East Asians are dissimilar in the two countries. To test this premise, 177 high-resolution Y-chromosome binary markers and 17 Y-STR loci were typed in Haiti (n = 123) and Jamaica (n = 159) and subsequently utilized for phylogenetic comparisons to available reference collections encompassing Africa, Europe, Asia (East and South), and the New World. Our results reveal that both studied populations exhibit a predominantly South-Saharan paternal component, with haplogroups A1b-V152, A3-M32, B2-M182, E1a-M33, E1b1a-M2, E2b-M98, and R1b2-V88 comprising 77.2% and 66.7% of the Haitian and Jamaican paternal gene pools, respectively. Yet, European derived chromosomes (i.e., haplogroups G2a*-P15, I-M258, R1b1b-M269, and T-M184) were detected at commensurate levels in Haiti (20.3%) and Jamaica (18.9%), whereas Y-haplogroups indicative of Chinese [O-M175 (3.8%)] and Indian [H-M69 (0.6%) and L-M20 (0.6%)] ancestry were restricted to Jamaica.

Frecuencia y consecuencias del Síndrome de Burnout en las/los profesionales de Enfermería del Hospital Obrero – Caja Nacional de Salud, en el último trimestre, gestión 2011 / Frequency and consequences of burnout syndrome in / professionals Hospital Nursing Jobs - National Health Fund, in the last quarter, management 2011

El Síndrome de Burnout está definido como respuesta al estréslaboral crónico, integrado por actitudes y sentimientos negativos hacia las personas con las que trabaja (actitudes de despersonalización), al propio rol profesional (falta de realización profesional en el trabajo) y también por la vivencia de encontrarse emocionalmente agotado. Los profesionales del área de la salud se encuentran en constante riesgo, ya que agota los recursos físicos y emocionales, afectando su bienestar y entorno. La investigación se realizó con un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo y aplicada. Con una muestra de40 profesionales de enfermería de 10 servicios de la Caja Nacional de Salud,utilizando como instrumentos una guía de cuestionario estructurado y el test de Maslash que mediante un registro de campo permitió profundizar el estudio de las variables. Los resultados demuestran que: según la clasificación del test de Maslash, las profesionales de enfermería de la CNS, presentan despersonalización de alta a moderada en más de un 50%. Cansancio emocional, un nivel entre alto a moderado en más del 50% y la dificultad en la realización personal 60% tiene un nivel alto.Alrededor del 60% de las/os licenciadas/os presentan sintomatología del síndrome de Burnout con niveles de intensidad moderados y altos

Paternal lineages signal distinct genetic contributions from British Loyalists and continental Africans among different Bahamian islands.

Over the past 500 years, the Bahamas has been influenced by a wide array of settlers, some of whom have left marked genetic imprints throughout the archipelago. To assess the extent of each group's genetic contributions, high-resolution Y-chromosome analyses were performed, for the first time, to delineate the patriarchal ancestry of six islands in the Northwest (Abaco and Grand Bahama) and Central (Eleuthera, Exuma, Long Island, and New Providence) Bahamas and their genetic relationships with previously published reference populations. Our results reveal genetic signals emanating primarily from African and European sources, with the predominantly sub-Saharan African and Western European haplogroups E1b1a-M2 and R1b1b1-M269, respectively, accounting for greater than 75% of all Bahamian patrilineages. Surprisingly, we observe notable discrepancies among the six Bahamian populations in their distribution of these lineages, with E1b1a-M2 predominating Y-chromosomes in the collections from Abaco, Exuma, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, and New Providence, whereas R1b1b1-M269 is found at elevated levels in the Long Island population. Substantial Y-STR haplotype variation within sub-haplogroups E1b1a7a-U174 and E1b1ba8-U175 (greater than any continental African collection) is also noted, possibly indicating genetic influences from a variety of West and Central African groups. Furthermore, differential European genetic contributions in each island (with the exception of Exuma) reflect settlement patterns of the British Loyalists subsequent to the American Revolution.

Factores que influyen en la obesidad en un consultorio popular del municipio de Barinas, Venezuela / The influence of some factors in obesity in a popular medical office of Barinas municipality, Venezuela

Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo en el Consultorio Popular El Carmen, perteneciente al municipio de Barinas, en Venezuela, de enero a julio del 2009, con el objetivo de caracterizar la obesidad según factores clínicos, epidemiológicos y sociales. El universo estuvo constituido por los 112 pacientes obesos mayores de 15 años, a los cuales se les aplicó una encuesta, se determinó la medida del peso, la talla, y se utilizó un cuestionario para valorar los conocimientos sobre hábitos nutricionales. Luego del procesamiento estadístico, se obtuvo un predominio de la obesidad en el sexo femenino y en el grupo etario de 45 a 54 años. Además, se desarrolló principalmente en el período pospuberal (71,4 por ciento), con una prevalencia para ambos sexos de la obesidad moderada; la dieta inadecuada influyó en la aparición de la enfermedad. La hipertensión arterial (43,7 por ciento) y la diabetes mellitus (16,9 por ciento) fueron las afecciones más asociadas, por lo que se recomienda realizar acciones educativas y la práctica sistemática de ejercicios físicos(AU)

Asociación entre la contaminación del ambiente laboral y las enfermedades respiratorias en una empresa minera / Association between the working environment pollution and the respiratory diseases in a mining enterprise

Se realizó un estudio observacional en la Mina-Planta de Zeolita, perteneciente al municipio de Ranchuelo, provincia de Villa Clara, en el año 2003, que tuvo como objetivo demostrar la asociación existente entre la contaminación del ambiente laboral y las enfermedades respiratorias en los trabajadores. Para ello se recolectó información de la morbilidad laboral y se efectuó el estudio químico sanitario de la zona de trabajo, donde se encontró que el polvo de zeolita en el aire sobrepasaba los límites admisibles de exposición. El 61,9 por ciento de los certificados médicos emitidos por enfermedades respiratorias fueron en los meses de alta producción, y un 76,4 por ciento correspondió a trabajadores del área de mayor exposición al polvo, en la que además el 69,3 por ciento de los trabajadores mantiene de 7 a 14 años de labor en el centro. En el área de menor exposición el riesgo de tener incapacidad laboral temporal por enfermedades respiratorias es de 5,50 veces. La contaminación del ambiente laboral constituyó un factor favorecedor para el desarrollo de afecciones respiratorias, por lo que recomendamos mejorar las condiciones de operación en los procesos tecnológicos con relación al sistema de despolvorización(AU)

Asociación entre la contaminación del ambiente laboral y las enfermedades respiratorias en una empresa minera / Association between the working environment pollution and the respiratory diseases in a mining enterprise

Se realizó un estudio observacional en la Mina-Planta de Zeolita, perteneciente al municipio de Ranchuelo, provincia de Villa Clara, en el año 2003, que tuvo como objetivo demostrar la asociación existente entre la contaminación del ambiente laboral y las enfermedades respiratorias en los trabajadores. Para ello se recolectó información de la morbilidad laboral y se efectuó el estudio químico sanitario de la zona de trabajo, donde se encontró que el polvo de zeolita en el aire sobrepasaba los límites admisibles de exposición. El 61,9 por ciento de los certificados médicos emitidos por enfermedades respiratorias fueron en los meses de alta producción, y un 76,4 por ciento correspondió a trabajadores del área de mayor exposición al polvo, en la que además el 69,3 por ciento de los trabajadores mantiene de 7 a 14 años de labor en el centro. En el área de menor exposición el riesgo de tener incapacidad laboral temporal por enfermedades respiratorias es de 5,50 veces. La contaminación del ambiente laboral constituyó un factor favorecedor para el desarrollo de afecciones respiratorias, por lo que recomendamos mejorar las condiciones de operación en los procesos tecnológicos con relación al sistema de despolvorización