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Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, which play a pivotal role in both diagnosing and determining the disease's progression. This study aimed to assess the trajectory of these markers concerning age in individuals with DKD and identify predictive factors for the decline in eGFR decline, variation in albuminuria, mortality, and progression to renal replacement therapy (RRT). Design: This retrospective cohort encompassed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), divided into two age categories: <75 and ⩾75 years old. Methods: Over a 3-year span, the study evaluated eGFR (CKD-EPI) and 24-h albuminuria. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to pinpoint factors associated with deteriorating renal function and mortality. Significance was set at p < 0.05, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed to illustrate renal and overall survival. Results: The analysis comprised 304 patients. Comparable eGFR declines were evident in both age groups during the transition from the first to the second year and from the second to the third year. Nonetheless, a more pronounced rise in albuminuria was evident in the ⩾75 years group during the first to the second year. Multivariate analysis unveiled that systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements in the first year positively forecasted eGFR decline. Age was associated with heightened albuminuria and mortality, while hospitalizations linked to cardiovascular causes robustly predicted mortality. Hospitalizations due to sepsis and cardiovascular reasons, coupled with first-year SBP measurements, served as predictive indicators for progression to RRT. Conclusion: Both age groups experienced similar declines in eGFR, though the ⩾75 years group displayed a more significant increase in albuminuria during the first to the second year. Age, hospitalizations, and higher blood pressure levels were correlated with exacerbated renal function deterioration and/or elevated mortality in DKD. Timely intervention and tailored management strategies stand as critical components for enhancing outcomes among DKD patients.
Diabetic kidney disease: aging and progression Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. This study aims to evaluate the follow-up of these renal markers in relation to age among individuals with DKD and identify factors predisposing to eGFR loss, increased albuminuria, mortality, and the need for dialysis. We conducted an observational and retrospective study in Brazil, including patients with type 2 diabetes, divided into two age groups: < 75 and ⩾ 75 years. The patients were followed for three years, and a total of 304 patients were evaluated. We observed a similar decline in eGFR in both age groups from the 1st to the 2nd year and from the 2nd to the 3rd year. However, worsening of albuminuria was more frequent in the ⩾ 75 years old group from the 1st to the 2nd year. Elevated blood pressure levels were associated with eGFR decline. Age was associated with increased albuminuria and mortality. Hospitalizations for cardiovascular causes strongly predicted mortality. Hospitalizations for sepsis and cardiovascular causes, along with higher blood pressure levels, were associated with the need for dialysis. Hence, establish approaches to enhance the health in individuals with DKD is of paramount importance.
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BACKGROUND: Graft loss increases the risk of patient death after simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation. The relative risk of each graft failure is complex due to the influence of several competing events. METHODS: This retrospective, single-center study compared 4-year patient survival according to the graft status using Kaplan-Meier (KM) and Competing Risk Analysis (CRA). Patient survival was also assessed according to five eras (Era 1: 2001-2003; Era 2: 2004-2006; Era 3: 2007-2009; Era 4: 2010-2012; Era 5: 2012-2015). RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2015, 432 SPK transplants were performed. Using KM, patient survival was 86.5% for patients without graft loss (n = 333), 93.4% for patients with pancreas graft loss (n = 46), 43.7% for patients with kidney graft loss (n = 16), and 25.4% for patients with pancreas and kidney graft loss (n = 37). Patient survival was underestimated using KM versus CRA methods in patients with pancreas and kidney graft losses (25.4% vs. 36.2%), respectively. Induction with lymphocyte depleting antibodies was associated with 81% reduced risk (HR.19, 95% CI.38-.98, p = .0048), while delayed kidney function (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.09-7.95, p = .033) and surgical complications (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.22-7.08, p = .016) were associated with higher risk of death. Four-year patient survival increased from Era 1 to Era 5 (79% vs. 87.9%, p = .047). CONCLUSION: In this cohort of patients, kidney graft loss, with or without pancreas graft loss, was associated with higher mortality after SPK transplantation. Compared to CRA, the KM model underestimated survival only among patients with pancreas and kidney graft losses. Patient survival increased over time.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Transplante de Rim , Transplante de Pâncreas , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante de Pâncreas/métodos , Medição de Risco , Pâncreas , Sobrevivência de EnxertoRESUMO
The Scientists of Tomorrow/ Cientistas do Amanhã project is an immersive science training program developed by the Program of Post-Graduation in Health Sciences at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. This program was conducted in partnership with Volunteering and Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Professor Paulo Freire in Paraisópolis, São Paulo, Brazil. The Scientists of Tomorrow Program comprised a short training period conducted in May 2022 involving 37 students, and a long training period from August to December 2022, which included 15 students. It aimed to popularize science through practical activities; transfer knowledge to young students; sensitize and guide them to pursue academic-scientific careers; reduce stereotypes about scientific work and scientists; and help students understand the social, political, and ethical roles of science within society. All activities were led by postgraduate students and professors from our postgraduate program, physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, biomedicals, and veterinarians from Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, as well as medical students from Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein . Activities in the short training included lectures on cinema and science, strategies to combat fake news, non-violent communication, innovation, design-thinking framework, and developing a scientific project. During the long training period, discussions were focused on nanotechnology, animal research, big data, bioinformatics, meditation, blood and bone marrow donation, telemedicine, sex and sexually-transmitted infections, rehabilitation, career opportunities, and scientific integrity. In addition, practical activities were further expanded using optical and confocal microscopy, cytometry, and basic concepts regarding the structure and function of living cells. The program also included the launching of the open-air outreach Education E-natureza activity, which turned students into ambassadors of nature. In conclusion, the Scientists of Tomorrow Program was innovative and enabled young students to learn that science is a collective activity that can enhance public health. In Brief Rangel et al. enumerated the Scientists of Tomorrow/Cientistas do Amanhã program, an immersive science initiative conducted in collaboration with a public school. The program, which involved 15 students, aimed to promote science, share knowledge, inspire academic paths, and underscore societal impacts. Led by postgraduates, professors, and healthcare experts, the program included diverse lectures and practical laboratory activities. Highlights Every research endeavor commences with a fundamental question. Sharing of findings by researchers and students contributes toward the expansion of knowledge. Teaching scientific methodology is a pivotal step in nurturing critical thinking skills. Science permeates our daily lives and plays a crucial role in addressing societal issues.
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Pessoal de Educação , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Brasil , Instituições Acadêmicas , Atenção à SaúdeRESUMO
Resumo Objetivo Investigar a adesão medicamentosa no Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 entre transplantados renais e não transplantados. Métodos Estudo comparativo entre pacientes assistidos no Centro de Diabetes (Grupo 1 sem transplante renal) e no Ambulatório de Pós-Transplante Renal do Hospital do Rim e da Hipertensão (Grupo 2 com transplante renal), ambos na cidade de São Paulo. A amostra foi composta por maiores de 18 anos, com diagnóstico de diabete tipo 2 prévio e em uso de medicamentos para o controle glicêmico. A coleta de dados ocorreu de outubro de 2017 a outubro de 2018. Aplicou-se aos participantes: formulário sócio clínico, instrumento de Medida de Adesão ao Tratamento Medicamentoso no Diabetes Mellitus (antidiabéticos orais e insulina) e a escala de Ansiedade e Depressão. O projeto foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa como 0712/2017. Resultados Amostra composta de 107 pacientes (Grupo 1: 56 e Grupo 2: 51), maior porcentagem de homens, média de idade de 63,3 anos, provenientes da região metropolitana de São Paulo, aposentados, casados, com sobrepeso, sem sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Os pacientes autorreferiram ter adesão aos medicamentos para o controle do diabetes, porém os resultados da hemoglobina glicada variaram entre 8,3 e 8,7% entre os grupos, ambos acima de 7%. Conclusão Ao analisar a relação entre a adesão autorreferida, hemoglobina glicada, ansiedade e depressão não foi possível evidenciar correlação estatisticamente significante. Os parâmetros avaliados neste estudo não permitiram estabelecer a relação de causa e efeito.
Resumen Objetivo Investigar la adhesión farmacológica en la Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en trasplantados renales y no trasplantados. Métodos Estudio comparativo entre pacientes atendidos en el Centro de Diabetes (Grupo 1 sin trasplante renal) y en los Consultorios Externos de Postrasplante Renal del Hospital del Riñón y de la Hipertensión (Grupo 2 con trasplante renal), ambos en la ciudad de São Paulo. La muestra fue formada por mayores de 18 años, con diagnóstico previo de diabetes tipo 2 y en uso de medicamentos para control glucémico. La recopilación de datos se realizó de octubre de 2017 a octubre de 2018. Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos a los participantes: formulario socio-clínico, instrumento de Medida de Adhesión al Tratamiento Farmacológico (antidiabéticos orales e insulina) y escala de Ansiedad y Depresión. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación con el número 0712/2017. Resultados Muestra formada por 107 pacientes (Grupo 1: 56 y Grupo 2: 51), mayor porcentaje de hombres, promedio de edad 63,3 años, provenientes de la región metropolitana de São Paulo, jubilados, casados, con sobrepeso, sin síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. Los pacientes autodeclararon adherir a los medicamentos para el control de la diabetes, pero los resultados de la hemoglobina glicosilada variaron entre 8,3 y 8,7 % entre los grupos, más de 7 % en ambos. Conclusión Al analizar la relación entre la adhesión autodeclarada, la hemoglobina glicosilada, la ansiedad y la depresión, no se observó correlación estadísticamente significativa. Los parámetros evaluados en este estudio no permitieron establecer una relación de causa y efecto.
Abstract Objective To investigate medication adherence in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among kidney transplant recipients and non-transplant recipients. Methods Comparative study between patients assisted at the Diabetes Center (Group 1 without kidney transplant) and at the Post-Renal Transplant Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital do Rim e da Hipertensão (Group 2 with kidney transplant), both in the city of São Paulo. The sample consisted of people over 18 years of age with a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes using medication for glycemic control. The data collection period was from October 2017 to October 2018. The following was applied to participants: socio-clinical form, instrument for Measuring Adherence to Medication Treatment in Diabetes Mellitus (oral antidiabetics and insulin) and the Anxiety and Depression scale. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee as 0712/2017. Results Sample composed of 107 patients (Group 1: 56 and Group 2: 51), higher percentage of men, mean age of 63.3 years, from the metropolitan region of São Paulo, retired, married, overweight, without symptoms of anxiety and depression. Even though patients self-reported adherence to medication for diabetes control, results of glycated hemoglobin ranged between 8.3 and 8.7% between groups, both above 7%. Conclusion When analyzing the relationship between self-reported adherence, glycated hemoglobin, anxiety and depression, a statistically significant correlation could not be found. The parameters evaluated in this study did not allow establishing a cause and effect relationship.
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ABSTRACT The Scientists of Tomorrow/ Cientistas do Amanhã project is an immersive science training program developed by the Program of Post-Graduation in Health Sciences at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. This program was conducted in partnership with Volunteering and Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Professor Paulo Freire in Paraisópolis, São Paulo, Brazil. The Scientists of Tomorrow Program comprised a short training period conducted in May 2022 involving 37 students, and a long training period from August to December 2022, which included 15 students. It aimed to popularize science through practical activities; transfer knowledge to young students; sensitize and guide them to pursue academic-scientific careers; reduce stereotypes about scientific work and scientists; and help students understand the social, political, and ethical roles of science within society. All activities were led by postgraduate students and professors from our postgraduate program, physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, biomedicals, and veterinarians from Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, as well as medical students from Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein . Activities in the short training included lectures on cinema and science, strategies to combat fake news, non-violent communication, innovation, design-thinking framework, and developing a scientific project. During the long training period, discussions were focused on nanotechnology, animal research, big data, bioinformatics, meditation, blood and bone marrow donation, telemedicine, sex and sexually-transmitted infections, rehabilitation, career opportunities, and scientific integrity. In addition, practical activities were further expanded using optical and confocal microscopy, cytometry, and basic concepts regarding the structure and function of living cells. The program also included the launching of the open-air outreach Education E-natureza activity, which turned students into ambassadors of nature. In conclusion, the Scientists of Tomorrow Program was innovative and enabled young students to learn that science is a collective activity that can enhance public health.
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Purpose: Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) brings several benefits for insulin-dependent type-1 diabetic patients associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, data on psychological outcomes for the waiting list and the transplanted patients are still lacking. Methods: Using the psychological Beck inventories of anxiety (BAI) and depression (BDI), 39 patients on the waiting list were compared to 88 post-transplanted patients who had undergone SPKT. Results: Significant differences were found regarding depression (p = 0.003) but not anxiety (p = 0.161), being the pretransplant patients more vulnerable to psychological disorders. Remarkable differences were observed relative to the feeling of punishment (p < 0.001) and suicidal thoughts (p = 0.008) between the groups. It was observed that patients who waited a longer period for the transplant showed more post-transplant anxiety symptoms due to the long treatment burden (p = 0.002). Conclusions: These results demonstrated the positive impact of SPKT on psychological aspects related to depression when comparing the groups. The high number of stressors in the pretransplant stage impacts more severely the psychosocial condition of the patient.
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Humanos , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/psicologia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/psicologia , Transplante de Rim/psicologia , Transplante de Pâncreas/psicologia , Depressão/diagnóstico , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is highly prevalent today. It has a multifactorial aetiology and affects people of all ages, genders and ethnicities. Its treatment is essentially supportive of renal function substitution, so new treatment alternatives such as mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCs) should be investigated. METHODS: This review encompasses our understanding of the main mechanisms of action of MSCs in preclinical models of AKI by renal pedicle clamping ischemia-reperfusion, chemotherapy (cisplatin) and kidney transplantation in small and large animals, as well as outcomes in patients with AKI due to ischemia and kidney transplantation. RESULTS: Cellular therapy with MSCs has benefits in preclinical studies of AKI through various mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, oxidative anti-stress, antifibrotic, immunomodulatory and proangiogenic. In humans, MSC therapy is safe and effective. However, the challenges of MSC cell therapy include investigating protocols about the optimal dose of these cells, the route and frequency of appropriate administration, and the design of further biodistribution studies over a long follow-up period. In addition, a better understanding of molecular signalling and cellular interactions in the microenvironment of each organ and tissue is needed in order to define the best time to administer MSCs. Another challenge would be to mitigate the heterogeneity of the profile of cultured MSCs through preconditioning approaches. CONCLUSIONS: Cellular therapy with MSCs is very promising and should be part of the treatment of AKI patients in combination with other approaches already available, helping to accelerate recovery and/or slow the progression to chronic kidney disease. Randomized, multicentre controlled studies are needed to develop robust protocols that validate population-based cell therapy with MSCs.
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Humanos , Animais , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/tendências , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Rim/fisiopatologia , Distribuição Tecidual , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodosRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as condições bucais e os principais fatores predisponentes para tratamento odontológico de pacientes em lista de espera para transplante simultâneo de pâncreas-rim e para transplante hepático, em um centro único. Métodos: foram avaliados 100 pacientes na fila de espera, 50 candidatos a transplante hepático e 50 a transplante simultâneo de pâncreas-rim, no período de agosto de 2015 a fevereiro de 2018. Exames extra e intrabucais foram correlacionados com variáveis demográficas pré-transplante. Resultados: a principal alteração bucal nos candidatos a transplante de pâncreas-rim e de transplante hepático foram dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados, presentes em 83% e 100% dos candidatos, respectivamente (P=0,03). A necessidade de tratamento odontológico foi igual nos dois grupos: 71% e 70%. Nos candidatos a transplante hepático, os fatores predisponentes para tratamento odontológico foram idade, cor e diagnóstico etiológico da cirrose hepática. Não identificamos fatores predisponentes para tratamento odontológico nos candidatos a transplante simultâneo pâncreas-rim. Conclusão: pacientes candidatos a transplante simultâneo de pâncreas-rim e transplante hepático apresentaram higiene bucal precária com presença de cárie, raízes residuais, gengivite e periodontite, revelando que a avaliação odontológica deve fazer parte do protocolo de atendimento dos pacientes em fila de espera para transplantes.
ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the oral conditions and the main predisposing factors for dental treatment of patients on the waiting list for liver and simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, in a single center. Methods: we evaluated 100 patients in the waiting list, 50 candidates for liver transplantation and 50 for simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation, from August 2015 to February 2018. We correlated extra and intraoral examinations with pre-transplant demographic variables. Results: the main oral alteration in the pancreas-kidney and liver transplant candidates were decayed, lost and filled teeth, present in 83% and 100% of the candidates, respectively (p=0.03). The need for dental treatment was equal in both groups: 71% and 70%. In liver transplant candidates, the predisposing factors for dental treatment were age, color and etiological diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. We did not identify predisposing factors for dental treatment in candidates for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant. Conclusion: candidates for liver and for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation had poor oral hygiene, with cavities, residual roots, gingivitis and periodontitis, revealing that dental evaluation should be part of the transplantation waiting list.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Saúde Bucal , Transplante de Rim , Transplante de Fígado , Transplante de Pâncreas , Cárie Dentária , Listas de Espera , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o impacto financeiro das complicações pós-operatórias no transplante simultâneo pâncreas-rim durante a internação hospitalar. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo dos dados da internação hospitalar dos pacientes submetidos consecutivamente ao transplante simultâneo pâncreas-rim no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2014 no Hospital do Rim/Fundação Oswaldo Ramos. As principais variáveis estudadas foram a reoperação, pancreatectomia do enxerto, óbito, complicações pós-operatórias (cirúrgicas, infecciosas, clínicas e imunológicas) e os dados financeiros da internação para o transplante. Resultados: a amostra foi composta de 179 pacientes transplantados. As características dos doadores e receptores foram semelhantes nos pacientes com e sem complicações. Na análise dos dados, 58,7% dos pacientes apresentaram alguma complicação pós-operatória, 21,8% necessitaram de reoperação, 12,3%, de pancreatectomia do enxerto e 8,4% evoluíram para o óbito. A necessidade de reoperação ou pancreatectomia do enxerto aumentou o custo da internação em 53,3% e 78,57%, respectivamente. A presença de complicação pós-operatória aumentou significativamente o custo. Entretanto, a presença de óbito, hérnia interna, infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral e disfunção do enxerto pancreático não apresentaram significância estatística no custo, cuja média foi de US$ 18,516.02. Conclusão: complicações pós-operatórias, reoperação e pancreatectomia do enxerto aumentaram significativamente o custo médio da internação hospitalar do SPK, assim como as complicações cirúrgicas, infecciosas, clínicas e imunológicas. No entanto, o óbito durante a internação, a hérnia interna, o infarto agudo do miocárdio, o acidente vascular cerebral e a disfunção do enxerto pancreático não interferiram estatisticamente neste custo.
ABSTRACT Objective: considering simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation cases, to evaluate the financial impact of postoperative complications on hospitalization cost. Methods: a retrospective study of hospitalization data from patients consecutively submitted to simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT), from January 2008 to December 2014, at Kidney Hospital/Oswaldo Ramos Foundation (Sao Paulo, Brazil). The main studied variables were reoperation, graft pancreatectomy, death, postoperative complications (surgical, infectious, clinical, and immunological ones), and hospitalization financial data for transplantation. Results: the sample was composed of 179 transplanted patients. The characteristics of donors and recipients were similar in patients with and without complications. In data analysis, 58.7% of the patients presented some postoperative complication, 21.8% required reoperation, 12.3% demanded graft pancreatectomy, and 8.4% died. The need for reoperation or graft pancreatectomy increased hospitalization cost by 53.3% and 78.57%, respectively. The presence of postoperative complications significantly increased hospitalization cost. However, the presence of death, internal hernia, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and pancreatic graft dysfunction did not present statistical significance in hospitalization cost (in average US$ 18,516.02). Conclusion: considering patients who underwent SPKT, postoperative complications, reoperation, and graft pancreatectomy, as well as surgical, infectious, clinical, and immunological complications, significantly increased the mean cost of hospitalization. However, death, internal hernia, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and pancreatic graft dysfunction did not statistically interfere in hospitalization cost.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pancreatectomia/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/economia , Reoperação/economia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Pâncreas/efeitos adversos , Hospitalização/economia , Pancreatectomia/economia , Brasil , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante de Rim/economia , Transplante de Pâncreas/economia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: O transplante pâncreas-rim é efetivo para pacientes com doença renal crônica terminal e diabetes mellitus insulino-dependente. A função retardada do enxerto pancreático é condição frequente exercendo impacto significativo nos resultados em curto prazo dos transplantes pâncreas-rim. O objetivo foi analisar o impacto da função retardada do enxerto pancreático no transplante pâncreas-rim. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 180 receptores de transplante pâncreas-rim, incluindo dados demográficos dos doadores e dos receptores, a reatividade contra painel, a incidência de rejeição aguda e as sobrevidas do paciente e dos enxertos pancreático e renal. RESULTADOS: A incidência de função retardada do enxerto pancreático foi 11 por cento. A idade do receptor superior a 45 anos apresentou associação com o risco de desenvolvimento de função retardada do enxerto pancreático (Razão de chances 2,26; p < 0,05). Os pacientes com função retardada do enxerto pancreático apresentaram maior incidência de rejeição aguda renal (47 versus 24 por cento; p < 0,05), glicemia de jejum alterada (25 versus 5 por cento; p < 0,05) e média de hemoglobina glicada (5,8 versus 5,4 por cento; p < 0,05) ao final do primeiro ano de acompanhamento em relação aos pacientes sem função retardada do enxerto pancreático. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos de pacientes com e sem função retardada do enxerto pancreático quanto à sobrevida do paciente (95 versus 88,7 por cento; p = 0,38), do enxerto pancreático (90 versus 85,6 por cento; p = 0,59) e do enxerto renal (90 versus 87,2 por cento; p = 0,70), respectivamente, nesse mesmo período. CONCLUSÃO: A função retardada do enxerto pancreático não exerceu impacto significativo nos resultados em curto prazo dos transplantes pâncreas-rim desta casuística...
OBJECTIVE: Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes melli>tus and end-stage chronic kidney disease. Delayed pancreatic graft function is a common and multifactor condition with significant impact in short-term outcome of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantations. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of pancreatic delayed pancreatic graft function on simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. METHODS: Donor and recipient's demographic data, percentage of panel reactivity, acute rejection incidence, and patient and grafts survivals were retrospectively analyzed in 180 SPKT performed between 2002 and 2007. RESULTS: The incidence of pancreatic delayed pancreatic graft function was 11 percent. Donors older than 45 years had significant risk of pancreatic delayed pancreatic graft function (OR 2.26; p < 0,05). Patients with pancreatic delayed pancreatic graft function had higher rates of acute renal rejection (47 versus 24 percent; p < 0.05), altered fasting plasma glucose (25 versus 5 percent; p < 0.05) and mean glycated hemoglobin (5.8 versus 5.4 percent; p < 0.05), than patients without pancreatic delayed pancreatic graft function at the end of the first year of follow up. There were no significant differences between patients with and without pancreatic delayed pancreatic graft function regarding patient survival (95 versus 88.7 percent; p = 0.38), pancreatic graft survival (90 versus 85.6 percent; p = 0.59) and renal graft survival (90 versus 87.2 percent; p = 0.70), respectively at the sample period of time. CONCLUSION: Pancreatic delayed pancreatic graft function had no significant impact in the short-term outcome of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantations. Although delayed pancreatic graft function had no impact on 1-year pancreas graft survival, it contributed to early pancreas graft dysfunction, as assessed by enhanced insulin and oral anti-diabetic drugs requirements.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Logísticos , Rejeição de Enxerto/complicações , Rejeição de Enxerto/diagnóstico , Análise de Sobrevida , Transplante de Pâncreas , Transplante de RimRESUMO
O transplante simultâneo de pâncreas/rim tem indicações específicas, riscos e benefícios. O procedimento, cada vez mais realizado, traz vantagens se comparado ao paciente em diálise, em relação à qualidade de vida, anos de vida ganhos e evolução das complicações crônicas. Se o paciente tiver a opção de realizar o transplante de rim com doador vivo, que apresenta sobrevida semelhante do enxerto e do paciente aos dez anos, o procedimento deverá ser considerado. O transplante de pâncreas após rim, quando efetivo, pode melhorar a evolução das complicações cardiovasculares, mas em contrapartida provoca maior mortalidade nos primeiros meses após a cirurgia. O transplante isolado de pâncreas também ocasiona a maior mortalidade pós-operatória, resultado da complexidade do procedimento e da imunossupressão. O transplante de ilhotas tem sua indicação para um seleto grupo de diabéticos com instabilidade glicêmica.
Pancreas and kidney transplants have specific indications, benefits and risks. The procedure has become more common and more often as long-term success has improved and risks have decreased. Compared with a patient being on dialysis, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant offers a distinct advantage when it comes to mortality, quality of life and diabetic complications. Since there can be a living-donor kidney transplant,, a possibly similar patient and graft survival by 10 years follow-up, this procedure should be considered. Pancreas after kidney transplants, when successful, can improve microvascular complications compared with kidney transplant alone, but immediate mortality may be higher. Solitary pancreas transplantation can improve the quality of life in selected patients, but it may also increase the immediate risk of mortality due to the complexity of the surgery and the risks of immunosupression. The results of Islet transplantation differ from the higher metabolic performance achieved by whole pancreas allotransplantation and its applicability is limited to selected adult diabetic patients.
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/cirurgia , Transplante das Ilhotas Pancreáticas/métodos , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Transplante de Pâncreas/métodos , Doença Crônica , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/mortalidade , Angiopatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/mortalidade , Nefropatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/mortalidade , Neuropatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Neuropatias Diabéticas/mortalidade , Rejeição de Enxerto , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Transplante das Ilhotas Pancreáticas/efeitos adversos , Transplante das Ilhotas Pancreáticas/mortalidade , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Pâncreas/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Pâncreas/mortalidade , Pâncreas/irrigação sanguínea , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A incidência de infecção pelo citomegalovirus (CMV) vem aumentandonos últimos anos devido ao uso de imunossupressores mais potentes,como o tacrolimus e o micofenolato. Isso se aplica ao período logo apóso transplante, quando o regime imunossupressor é mais intenso. Outrosfatores de risco para infecção por CMV incluem o uso de anticorpos monoclonais ou policlonais para tratamento de indução ou de rejeição aguda, além de sorologia para CMV do doador (D) e do receptor (R). No presente trabalho, relatou-se um caso de infecção invasiva por CMV no parênquima do enxerto pancreático de um paciente submetido aotransplante simultâneo de pâncreas e rim. Na ocasião do diagnósticoda infecção por CMV, o paciente apresentava outras complicaçõesclínicas relacionadas ao transplante, como infecção bacteriana efúngica, além de fístula entérica. A ocorrência de infecção invasiva porCMV no enxerto pancreático é um evento raro, mas deve ser suspeitadaquando os pacientes apresentam risco elevado para esta infecção ouquando há várias complicações clínicas e cirúrgicas.
Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus , Transplante de Rim , Transplante de PâncreasRESUMO
Objetivo: A rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpos requer tratamento específico e tem impacto na sobrevida do enxerto. Os objetivos foram: relatar a incidência de rejeição aguda mediada por anticorpos após o transplante de pâncreas, e descrever os dados demográficos, os desfechos e o padrão de distribuição do C4d, além da correlação com exames laboratoriais. Métodos: Microscopia óptica, imunofluorescência para C4d e pesquisa de anticorpos antidoadores por Luminex®, em 31 biópsias renais em 17 pacientes (mediana 87 dias) e 34 biópsias pancreáticas em 22 pacientes (mediana 192 dias), de agosto de 2006 a agosto de 2008. Foram realizados os testes de χ2, t de Student, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e regressão logística (p < 0.05). Rresultados: Um total de 47% das rejeições pancreáticas foi humoral: cinco agudas; duas subclínicas e uma silenciosa. O tratamento anterior e posterior da rejeição aguda (n = 17, 65% das biópsias): amilasúria 1271.3 ± 1214.1 versus 1966.5 ± 1423 U/h (p = 0.004); amilase 188.4 ± 87.9 versus 102.3 ± 47.2 U/l (p < 0.0001) e lipase 1219.1 ± 594.4 versus 419.3 ± 207.3 U/l (p < 0.0001), respectivamente. Houve correlação do diagnóstico da rejeição aguda pancreática com a amilase(p = 0.02) e a lipase (p = 0.018) e correlação entre si destes exames (p = 0.0013, r2 = 0.49). Ao todo, 27.3% das rejeições agudas renais foram humorais: uma aguda, uma subclínica e uma silenciosa. Não houve correlação da sobrevida dos enxertos com o C4d (padrão difuso: > 60% das biópsias). Cconclusões: A incidência de rejeição mediada por anticorpos é elevada em enxertos pancreáticos, de modo que o C4d deve ser rotineiramente pesquisado. Os exames laboratoriais são ferramentas úteis para o diagnóstico e seguimento do tratamento da rejeição aguda.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto , Isoanticorpos , Transplante de PâncreasRESUMO
Identificar os fatores que podem influenciar a sobrevida dos pacientes em programa crônico de hemodiálise em um hospital privado do Brasil. Neste estudo, foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, 99 pacientes do Centro de Diálise Einstein (CDE), Unidade de Hemodiálise do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, que estiveram em programa crônico de hemodiálise por pelo menos três meses, no período de fev. de 2000 a out. de 2006. As características dos pacientes que foram avaliadas quanto à possível influência na sobrevida foram: causa da insuficiência renal cardíaca (IRC) (com e sem diabetes mellitus), sexo, idade, níveis de albumina, proteína C reativa (PCR), hemoglobina e o Índice de Doença Coexistenteou Index of Coexisting Disease(instrumento que avalia a presença e a severidade das comorbidades) da admissão. As curvas de sobrevida foram calculadas segundo o método de Kaplan-Meier e as diferenças entre as curvas foram avaliadas pelo teste log-rank. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 63,14 ± 16,18 anos, 34% deles eram do sexo feminino e 40% apresentavam DM como causa da IRC. Os níveis médios de albumina e hemoglobina na admissão foram 3,44 ± 0,58 g/dl e 10,55 ± 1,51 g/dl respectivamente, e a mediana dos níveis de PCR foi 9,55 g/dl. A distribuição dos pacientes de acordo com o nível de ICED na admissão foi: 25(25%) pacientes apresentavam ICED leve, 36(36%) apresentavam ICED moderado e 38(38%) apresentavam ICED grave. 33 pacientes (33%) foram a óbito, 24(24%) foram submetidos a transplante renal, 5(5%) foram transferidos para outra unidade de diálise, 36(36%) continuaram em hemodiálise e 1 (1%) paciente recuperou a função renal. A sobrevida em um ano foi de 80% e a mediana da sobrevida dos pacientes foi de 42,34 meses(IC 95%: 28,06-54,84). Na...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fatores Etários , Diálise/efeitos adversos , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
O tratamento MARS (Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System) permite a remoção de toxinas hepáticas ligadas à albumina. Dentre estas substâncias estão os ácidos biliares, que têm importante papel no prurido nas síndromes colestáticas. Relato do Caso: Descrição da primeira experiência brasileira ambulatorial de diálise MARS em paciente de 39 anos, sexo feminino, com diagnóstico de cirrose biliar primária e prurido recorrente após transplante de fígado e refratário às medidas clínicas, havendo também importante comprometimento na qualidade de vida. Após a realização de 2 sessões consecutivas do tratamento MARS, houve controle do prurido por pelo menos 7 meses. Procedimento bem tolerado e sem intercorrências Conclusão: O tratamento MARS é uma opção para pacientes com prurido intratável secundário a síndromes colestáticas e está associado à reduzida taxa de complicações
Assuntos
Cirrose Hepática Biliar/terapia , Hemodiafiltração , Cirrose Hepática Biliar , PruridoRESUMO
CONTEXT: The incidence of staphylococcal infection has been increasing during the last 20 years. OBJECTIVE: Report a case of staphylococcal endocarditis preceded by musculoskeletal manifestations, which is a rare form of clinical presentation. DESIGN: Case report. CASE REPORT: A 45-year-old-man, without addictions and without known previous cardiopathy, was diagnosed as having definitive acute bacterial endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus. Its etiology was community-acquired, arising from a non-apparent primary focus. In addition, the musculoskeletal symptoms preceded the infective endocarditis (IE) by about 1 month, which occurred together with other symptoms, e.g. mycotic aneurysms and petechiae. Later, the patient showed perforation of the mitral valve and moderate mitral insufficiency with clinical control