Microlearning through TikTok in Higher Education. An evaluation of uses and potentials.

While social media is evolving rapidly, understanding its underlying and persistent features with the potential to support high-quality learning would provide opportunities to enhance competence acquisition and collaborative work in higher education. Moreover, the adoption of tools that students already use in their everyday lives facilitates the integration of new forms of learning. In this context, we have developed an initiative to disseminate content through TikTok in three modules of the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing course, with the aim of promoting quality learning through these microlearning environments. To this end, we have implemented these learning environments and evaluated the users' perceptions, as well as their level of acceptance of the technology according to the Technology Acceptance Model. Overall, our results show high levels of satisfaction with regard to engagement and the content generated, as well as in terms of the acceptance of the technology. Our results do not show gender-specific variations, but we did detect slight variations depending on the subject in which the microlearning tool was deployed. Although for the most part these variations do not change the participants' assessment of their experience, it will be necessary in the future to determine the underlying reasons for these variations. In addition, our results suggest that it is possible to design a content creation system to promote quality learning through microlearning that can be transferred to other subjects, at least in the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-023-11904-4.

Sexo, género y humanización de las tecnologías de cuidados para personas mayores / O sexo, o género e a humanização das tecnologias de cuidados aos idosos / Sex and gender and humanization of care technologies for the elderly

El envejecimiento de la población constituye en los países desarrollados uno de losprincipales desafíos para la salud pública. La innovación tecnológica emerge como una de las 187Cultura de los Cuidados. 3º Cuatrimestre 2021. Año XXV. nº 61respuestas recurrentes y esperanzadoras para abordar este fenómeno de forma sostenible. Serealiza una scoping review sobre el sexo y el género en tecnologías dedicadas a los cuidados quetienen características asimilables a la de los humanos, como la voz, los atributos físicos, lascompetencias sociales y culturales, etc. El resultado aporta veintinueve materiales, once abordanel envejecimiento y/o las relaciones de género en los asistentes de voz, mientras que 18 lo hacensobre tecnología robótica. La revisión crítica de la literatura científica nos permite determinar losprincipales rasgos que caracterizan a los dispositivos vinculándolos con un sexo determinado, yse analizan los dilemas que plantea la perpetuación de los estereotipos de género en relación conestas tecnologías. Por último, se destaca la necesidad de profundizar en las interacciones entrehumanos y tecnologías de los cuidados desde disciplinas como los Science, Tecnology and SocietyStudies o los estudios culturales, para abordar el diseño de tecnologías de asistencia dirigidas apersonas mayores, desde una perspectiva de género.(AU)

Population aging is one of the main challenges to public health in developed countries.Technological innovation is emerging as one of the recurrent and hopeful responses to addressthis phenomenon sustainably. A scoping review is conducted on sex and gender in caretechnologies that have characteristics assimilable to humans, such as voice, physical attributes,social and cultural competencies, etc. The result provides twenty-nine materials. Eleven addressaging and/or gender relations in voice assistants, while 18 address robotic technology. The criticalreview of the scientific literature allows us to determine the main features that characterize thedevices by linking them to a specific sex, and the dilemmas posed by the perpetuation of genderstereotypes concerning these technologies are analyzed. Finally, it highlights the need to deepenthe interactions between humans and care technologies from disciplines such as Science,Technology, and Society Studies or cultural studies, to address the design of assistive technologiesaimed at older people from a gender perspective.(AU)

O envelhecimento da população é um dos maiores desafios para a saúde pública nospaíses desenvolvidos. A inovação tecnológica está a emergir como uma das respostas recorrentese esperançosas para abordar este fenómeno de uma forma sustentável. É realizada uma revisão deâmbito sobre o género e o sexo nas tecnologias de cuidados que têm características semelhantesàs humanas, tais como voz, atributos físicos, competências sociais e culturais, etc. O resultadofornece vinte e nove materiais, onze dos quais abordam o envelhecimento e/ou as relações degénero nos assistentes de voz, enquanto 18 abordam a tecnologia robótica. A revisão crítica daliteratura científica permite-nos determinar as principais características que caracterizam osdispositivos, ligando-os a um sexo específico, e são analisados os dilemas colocados pelaperpetuação de estereótipos de género em relação a estas tecnologias. Finalmente, destaca anecessidade de aprofundar as interacções entre o ser humano e as tecnologias de cuidados desaúde de disciplinas como Ciência, Tecnologia e Estudos da Sociedade ou estudos culturais, paraabordar a concepção de tecnologias de assistência destinadas a pessoas idosas, a partir de umaperspectiva de género.(AU)

Eating experiences and quality of life in patients with larynx cancer in Spain. A qualitative study.

PURPOSE: This paper aims at describing the eating experience of people diagnosed with and treated for laryngeal cancer. Going beyond the mere conceptualization of "after-effect" or the quantification of the disease's impact on the basis of standardized questionnaires, we present a qualitative analysis of the narratives of such experiences. METHODS: Ethnographic study. Data is obtained from conversations, semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and written documents. A discourse analysis of the narrative information was conducted, with process coding and using the constant comparative method, inductive content analysis, category analysis, units of meaning associated with each other, and triangulation. RESULTS: The impact of cancer on eating processes is not limited to nutrition, but also affects the social and cultural value of food, which is put into question. The symbolic and social values which accompany the traditional way of eating are modified, which is connected with impaired quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The impact on the eating process and its relationship with quality-of-life impairment are clear and connect with the importance of eating ways in culture and social organization. Greater attention should be paid to these contexts in clinical practice, which can affect even more than the impact on communicative processes.

Rationale and Methods of Evaluation for ACHO, A New Virtual Assistant to Improve Therapeutic Adherence in Rural Elderly Populations: A User-Driven Living Lab.

Low therapeutic adherence is a concern for health professionals as it decreases therapeutic efficiency while increasing costs, especially in elderly populations. To increase therapeutic adherence in elderly populations, the technology applied in the medical devices that are used must be adapted to improve usability. This paper outlines the rationale behind, and methods applied to assess the usability of, ACHO (Assistant on Care and Health Offline), a voice assistant that provides elderly patients with reminders of medical appointments to attend and when they need to take their medication. This work is a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study, and will include a three-phase (analysis, testing and refinement) multidimensional usability analysis of an initial prototype, in the setting of a user-driven Living Lab, which enables the needs and characteristics of the end users to be identified and incorporated into the prototype with each iteration, in which a multidisciplinary team of researchers and users will participate as co-creators. This methodology will allow us to develop a better prototype, increasing usability and, thus, increasing therapeutic adherence.

Memories of hunger, continuities, and food choices: An ethnography of the elderly in extremadura (Spain).

Food choices are a complex subject of study. This study reviews existing literature on the topic, while also offering new perspectives. It introduces empirical materials that suggest the existence of continuities between childhood memories of food insecurity and current nutritional choices and practices among older adults. This is a qualitative study, based on grounded theory, which explores memories of hunger in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War through ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 12 rural localities in Extremadura (Spain) - analysing current food practices and ideologies among surviving post-war children and tracing continuities between the past and the present. It provides results in the field of food continuities and shows how experiences and memories of hunger have an impact on food choices many decades later Data analysis and interpretation revealed three main categories: food memories of the so-called "years of hunger"; present-day food practices; and continuities between past and present. The inductive-deductive analysis revealed enduring memories that shaped present-day attitudes towards food - i.e. maximisation of ingredients and "zero-waste" practices; conspicuous consumption at particular times of the year; the central role of bread; and even certain food taboos. More than seventy years later, memories of deprivation and hunger are still pervasive and permeate present-day dietary practices and choices.

Treatment Adherence in Chronic Conditions during Ageing: Uses, Functionalities, and Cultural Adaptation of the Assistant on Care and Health Offline (ACHO) in Rural Areas.

The increasingly common scenario of an ageing population is related to a rise in the prevalence of problems associated with chronic conditions and comorbidities. Polypharmacy is frequent among this population, and it is a situation that can create medication management and adherence issues. This article introduces the features and functionalities of a voice assistant (Assistant on Health and Care Offline, ACHO) that aims to facilitate treatment adherence among elderly adults. Specifically adapted for its use in rural contexts, it does not require an Internet connection. Its development consisted of two stages: a first stage of problem diagnosis, in which the classic tools of ethnographic fieldwork were used, and a second stage of design implementing methodologies developed by Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) programmes. The main design characteristic of this new digital care system is that it is adapted to the needs of its end-users. It includes features such as voice customisation and the personal identification of medication, it can be connected to other digital devices, and information is introduced and supervised by healthcare professionals. These custom features introduce a safer medication administration procedure, improve supervision strategies, and increase patients' trust in the prescription process.

The Denied Pleasure of Eating: A Qualitative Study with Functionally Diverse People in Spain.

This qualitative study explores the difficulties in experiencing eating-derived pleasure within a group of functionally diverse people, based on personal interviews and Grounded Theory. Understanding the feelings and subjective experiences of functionally diverse people can help develop new approaches to address their loss of pleasure and motivation regarding food intake. The study included 27 participants, aged between 18 and 75 years, all of whom had a functional deficiency that affected the occupational aspects of the eating process. Interviews were conducted in clinical settings and several centres for differently abled people. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: eating through obligation; fear of eating; the social life of food; and the importance of the taste and visual aesthetics of food. These themes underscore the importance of taking into account the phenomenological experiences of pleasure in the eating process.

Health and Nutritional Beliefs and Practices among Rural Elderly Population: An Ethnographic Study in Western Spain.

BACKGROUND: Demographic transition is causing an increasingly aged society, which has a significant impact on public health strategies. Increases in the size of the elderly cohort create a wider stratification and pose specific challenges. Nutrition and diet are one key issue. This study aims to describe food-related practices, beliefs, and representations of non-institutionalized older adults in rural communities in Extremadura (Western Spain). METHOD: The ethnographic-based fieldwork was conducted from January to July 2019. Empirical material was collected through different research relationships (semi-structured interviews and informal conversations) and direct observation in various locations in Extremadura-involving a variety of agents associated with different aspects of the nutritional process. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed four major themes: (1) Limitations on choice and quality of food available; (2) food preferences and cooking methods; (3) the role of nostalgia in the construction of taste preferences; and (4) perceptions of what "healthy" food is and how respondents relate to the advice provided by health professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional choices among the group studied presented significant differences from medical advice-which was seen as a series of "bans" that did not carry enough authority to alter the symbolic value attached to their traditions.

Los enfoques culturales en la alimentación de personas mayores rurales. Una necesidad multidimensional para la agenda del cuidado / Cultural approaches of feeding in elderly rural people. First-rate issues and evidences

OBJETIVO: Revisar la bibliografía existente en Ciencias de la salud sobre percepciones, representaciones y prácticas en torno al universo de la alimentación entre población anciana rural. METODOLOGÍA: Hemos revisado las publicaciones disponibles en 6 bases de datos tanto generalistas como especializadas. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron un total de 14 artículos que se ajustaban a los criterios de inclusión. En ellos se repetían categorías tales como la génesis de la elección, la importancia del género, las barreras a la alimentación saludable o el universo simbólico de la comida. CONCLUSIÓN: Pese al evidente carácter sociocultural que constituyen los procesos alimentarios, la literatura biomédica que aborda estas cuestiones es escasa. Los artículos incluidos en este trabajo, realizados desde enfoques cualitativos, muestran, por ejemplo, la importancia de la emotividad en la elección o de las limitaciones asociadas a cuestiones materiales y estructurales

OBJECTIVE: To review the existing bibliography in Health Sciences on perceptions, representations and practices around the universe of food among rural elderly population. METHODOLOGY: We have reviewed the publications available in 6 generalist and specialized databases. RESULTS: A total of 14 articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria. They repeated categories such as the genesis of choice, the importance of gender, barriers to healthy eating or the symbolic universe of food. CONCLUSION: Despite the obvious socio-cultural character of food processes, the reis little biomedical literature addres sing these issues. The articles included in this work, carried out from qualitative approaches, show, for example, the importance of emotion in the choice or the limitations associated with material and structural issues

The transformation process for palliative care professionals: The metamorphosis, a qualitative research study.

BACKGROUND: Palliative care professionals are exposed daily to high levels of suffering. This makes them particularly vulnerable to suffering from stress, which can lead to burnout and/or compassion fatigue. AIMS: To analyse the professional trajectory of palliative care workers over time and the factors which influence this trajectory. DESIGN: A qualitative study was designed based on the Grounded Theory approach, using semi-structured individual interviews. Interviews were recorded audio-visually and transcribed verbatim for subsequent analysis using the procedure described by Miles and Huberman. This process was supported using ATLAS.ti 6 software. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: A total of 10 palliative care professionals from Extremadura (Spain) took part in the study. RESULTS: The analysis revealed a common trajectory followed by participants in their working lives: pre-palliative care/honeymoon/frustration/maturation. In addition, factors which influence this trajectory were identified. Details of the self-care strategies that these professionals have developed are described. The result of this process, which we have metaphorically termed 'metamorphosis', is the formation of a professional who can work satisfactorily within a palliative care context. CONCLUSION: During their professional activity, palliative care professionals go through a series of phases, depending on the relationship between the cost of caring and the satisfaction of caring, which can influence both the care provided to patients and families and their own personal circumstances. Being aware of this risk, and implementing self-care strategies, can protect professionals and enable them to conduct their work in an optimal manner. Reflecting on the experiences of these professionals could be useful for other health professionals.