[Cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) - promising omics breakthrough in the endocrinology].

BACKGROUND: The cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript has been discovered long time ago (circa over 25 years ago) but still stays not enough investigated. Just during last five years scientist's society started providing interest to the genomic, proteomic and metabolic essence of the cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript. AIM: The evaluation of historical pathway and perspectives of the cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript medical investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature search has been provided via Russian (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) and international (PubMed, Cochrane Library) databases and among articles on Russian and English languages. The main criteria for article selection was free access and 2019-2021 years of publishing. Although the introduction is based on the articles published in 1989. The present article was created according to the federal project «Central and peripheral pathophysiological mechanisms of adipose tissue diseases and their clinical and hormonal manifestations патофизиологические механизмы развития болезней жировой ткани с учетом клинических и гормональных характеристик¼ (2020-2022)RESULTS AND CONCLUISON: It is necessary to keep on investigating genomic, proteomic and metabolomic markers because they contain important clues for successful resistance against human diseases. The 21st century is the era of transformation from simple clinical medicine to personalized science. For example, researches in the area of cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript may result in invention of genetic medicine against dangerous metabolic diseases.

[Antidiabetes drug metformin is a donor of nitric oxide: ESR measurement of efficiency].

It is shown that metformin, which is a drug used for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolizes itself in vivo in the intestine and liver of mice with the release of nitric oxide. Subsequently the released nitric oxide forms paramagnetic mono- and dinitrosyl iron complexes which can be registered by EPR method. It is suggested that nitric oxide is just responsible for multifarious therapeutic action of metformin such as lowering of blood glucose level, reduction of arterial hypertension and other biological effects.

[Assessment of external breathing parameters and cardiovascular function in patients with constitutive exogenous obesity and reduced body weight].

The study was designed to evaluate external respiratory function (ERF) and cardiovascular function based on AP measurements, results of 24 hour AP monitoring, treadmill test, and ECG during weight loss therapy in patients with excess body mass. A total of 93 patients with grade 2-3 obesity were examined including 41 (39.8%) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Group 1 consisted of patients with constitutive exogenous obesity, group 2 of patients with constitutive exogenous obesity and DM, group 3 was used as control. Follow-up studies were conducted after 6 and 12 months. Patients of groups 1 and 2 showed positive dynamics of hemodynamic characteristics related to the loss of weight including significant reduction of heart rate, systolic and diastolic indices of hypertonic loading, specific peripheral vascular resistance, and left ventricular mass. Simultaneously, cardiac index and ERF increased while vital lung capacity, forced vital capacity, and forced respiratory volume in the first second returned to normal values. It is concluded that reduction of body weight has positive effect on ERF dynamics and hemodynamic characteristics in patients with constitutive exogenous obesity.

[The results of using parlodel in hyperprolactinemia]. / Rezul'taty primeneniia parlodela pri giperprolaktinemii.

The authors presented the results of catamnestic investigation of 133 women treated with bromocriptine for various types of hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism. A high effectiveness and safety of bromocriptine therapy were observed. Methods of prevention of probable complications were proposed. The authors evaluated the health status of children born to patients treated with bromocriptine. The most prolonged remissions were observed in patients with macroprolactinemia who gave birth to children owing to bromocriptine therapy. Most patients develop a relapse of the disease after therapy discontinuation and therefore need repeated therapeutic courses. In the authors' opinion, prolonged bromocriptine therapy is a serious alternative to surgery and radiotherapy.

[The use of nuclear magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of hypophyseal adenomas (preliminary report)]. / Ispol'zovanie iaderno-magnitnogo rezonansa v diagnostike adenom gipofiza (predvaritel'noe soobshchenie).

The paper is concerned with the use of a new tomographic method based on the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-tomography) in the diagnosis of adenohypophyseal diseases. A NMR-tomograph with a resistive magnet (0.234 T) was employed. Altogether 15 patients with the most common types of hypothalamo-hypophyseal diseases including Itsenko-Cushing disease (6) of various degrees of severity, hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism (8), and one patient with acromegaly were investigated. NMR-tomography was shown to possess a high informative value permitting assessment of the presence of adenohypophyseal pathology without irradiation of a patient. NMR-tomography combined with routine methods of examination of patients with hypothalamohypophyseal pathology (roentgenography, computerized tomography, hormonal investigation) made it possible to improve considerably early diagnosis of pituitary adenomas and to specify the volume and type of tumor growth.