Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 7 de 7
Filtrar
2.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 24(3): 303-309, 2020 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32228760

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading opportunistic infection in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but is uncommon in low prevalence regions. We aim to describe the changing epidemiology and clinical presentation of TB-HIV co-infection in a cohort of HIV-infected children in Spain.METHODS: Children diagnosed with TB between 1995 and 2016 in the paediatric HIV cohort were identified. The incidence and clinical presentation were compared in three periods: 1995-1999 (P1, before initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy, cART), 2000-2009 (P2, increase in immigration), and 2010-2016 (P3, decrease in immigration).RESULTS: We included 29 TB cases among 1183 children aged <18 years (2.4%, 243/100 000 person-years). The proportion was stable in P1 and P2 (1.3%), but decreased in P3 (0.8%). The median age at TB diagnosis was 6.4 years (IQR 4-10.6); most children in P3 were aged >10 years (20% vs. 23.1% vs. 83.3%, P = 0.01). TB was diagnosed at HIV presentation in 11/29 children (37.9%). Foreign-born children accounted for respectively 0%, 8% and 67% of the total number of children in each period (P ≤ 0.0001). One third had extrapulmonary TB; four children died (13.8%).CONCLUSION: In our cohort, the incidence of TB-HIV co-infection decreased with decline in immigration. In regions with adequate cART coverage and low TB transmission, paediatric TB-HIV coinfection is uncommon, but associated with significant morbidity. Strategies for TB surveillance, diagnosis and treatment in this vulnerable population should be reinforced.


Assuntos
Coinfecção , Infecções por HIV , Tuberculose , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/epidemiologia
3.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 72(6): 346-352, nov.-dic. 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-160650

RESUMO

La Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas del Hospital Infantil Gregorio Marañón es actualmente una Unidad de referencia tanto en la Comunidad de Madrid como a nivel nacional. Desde su creación ha ido adaptándose a las nuevas necesidades de la atención en patología infecciosa pediátrica en el siglo XXI, lo que supone un conocimiento de esta patología en los pacientes críticos, inmunodeprimidos y aquellos supervivientes gracias al desarrollo de la medicina actual. El trabajo asistencial dela Sección se desarrolla en la atención de pacientes hospitalizados como médicos responsables directos, de los pacientes atendidos de forma ambulatoria y también participando de forma transversal como médicos consultores en el asesoramiento en cuanto a la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la patología infecciosa de los pacientes pediátricos ingresados en las distintas unidades de un hospital de elevada complejidad médica y quirúrgica. La Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas tiene un compromiso docente participando de la docencia pregrado en pediatría y en la postgrado, no solo del médico interno residente (MIR) sino también de Masters en Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas de la Universidad Complutense así como en formación de otros profesionales de países de baja renta mediante la red PENTA y el proyecto ESTHER del Ministerio de Sanidad. Respecto a su labor investigadora, la Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas participa con grupo propio consolidado en el Instituto de Investigación del hospital, siendo destacable el trabajo en redes reconocidas a nivel nacional e internacional en distintos campos en enfermedades infecciosas: red de tuberculosis, red de VIH, red de CMV congénito y otras. La Sección también participa en cooperación, formando parte del programa de ayuda mediante telemedicina con los hospitales de Lamu y Meki en África. Asimismo, realiza una actividad de asesoramiento en el tratamiento de cohortes de pacientes VIH de Latinoamérica, como son las cohortes de Ecuador y Guatemala. Fruto de todo lo anterior, los profesionales que trabajan en la Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas del Hospital Gregorio Marañón participan en la divulgación de los conocimientos y directrices en cuanto a la patología infecciosa pediátrica en nuestro país y en Europa, encontrándose formando parte de comités de sociedades, redes y grupos de trabajo científicos y administrativos tanto nacionales como internacionales, dentro de sociedades científicas como son la AEP, la SEIP, la ESPID, y del Ministerio de Sanidad, como la comisión nacional creada para el uso racional de antimicrobianos, comisiones locales con el mismo fin, así como representatividad en la actual comisión creada desde el Ministerio para la elaboración del programa de formación del Área de Capacitación específica en Enfermedades Infecciosas (AU)


Pediatric Infectious Diseases Hospital Infantil Gregorio Maranon Section is currently a reference unit in Madrid and also in Spain. Since its creation it has adapted to the new needs of care in pediatric infectious disease in the XXI century. The Section treats inpatients directly, outpatients and also participate transversely as consulting physicians in advising on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease hospitalized in the units of a high complex clinical and surgery hospital. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Section has a teaching in undergraduate in pediatrics but also the specialist and also Masters in Pediatric Infectious Diseases at the Complutense University as well as training of lower rent professionals. With regard to research, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Section, participates with own group consolidated in the HGUGM Research Institute, The section works in recognized networks at national and international level in diferents networks (tuberculosis, HIV, congenital CMV, etc.). The Section also participates in cooperation as part of the aid program through telemedicine Lamu and Meki hospitals in Africa. It also performs an advisory activity in the treatment of HIV patient cohorts of Latin America, such as Ecuador and Guatemala cohorts. The result of the above professionals working in the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Hospital Gregorio Maranon Section involved in the dissemination of knowledge and guidelines for infectious disease pediatric in our country and in Europe, being part of committees of societies, networks and groups of national and international scientific work within scientific societies such as AEP, SEIP, ESPID, and the Ministry of Health, as the national commission created for the rational use of antimicrobials, local commissions the same purpose and representativeness in the current Ministry commission to prepare the Specific training pograme (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Soroprevalência de HIV , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Hospitais Pediátricos/organização & administração , Hospitais Pediátricos/normas , Infecções/congênito , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Tuberculose Osteoarticular/epidemiologia , Vacinas/administração & dosagem
4.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 76(6): 350-354, jun. 2012. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101489

RESUMO

Tras estar prácticamente erradicado en Europa, en los últimos 3 años han aparecido miles de casos de sarampión autóctono. Se describen los casos ocurridos en la zona norte de Madrid (enero-junio de 2011).Se informa de 22 casos, 18 de ellos agrupados en 2 brotes (2 escuelas infantiles). La tasa de ataque del principal fue del 29%.Todos fueron en pacientes no vacunados (mediana=14 meses). El genotipo predominante fue el D4 (95%). Hubo un 45% de complicaciones y un 45% de ingresos. El Servicio de Salud Pública recomendó aislar a los casos y vacunó anticipadamente a los contactos susceptibles. En los centros sanitarios se estableció un circuito específico para atender a los casos sospechosos. Se ha adelantado la vacunación triple vírica de los 15 a los 12 meses en la Comunidad de Madrid. El sarampión es una enfermedad re-emergente en Europa. El manejo coordinado entre Salud Pública y los centros asistenciales es fundamental para limitar los brotes(AU)


After being virtually eradicated in Europe, thousands of cases of measles in the population of Spanish origin have appeared in the last 3 years. We describe the cases diagnosed in the north of Madrid between January and June 2011. A total of 22 cases are reported, 18 of them grouped in 2 outbreaks (2 nurseries). The primary attack rate was 29% in the main outbreak. All cases were in unvaccinated patients (median = 14 months). Genotype D4 was predominant (95%). There was a 45% complication rate and 45% were admitted to hospitals. The Public Health Service recommended isolating cases and vaccinating susceptible contacts in advance. Health Centres established a specific protocol to respond to suspected cases. The Measles vaccination has been brought forward from 15 to 12 months in Madrid. Measles is a re-emerging disease in Europe. The coordinated management between public health and health facilities is essential to limiting outbreaks(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Sarampo/diagnóstico , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Sarampo/microbiologia , Escolas Maternais , Vacina contra Sarampo/uso terapêutico , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola/uso terapêutico , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos
6.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 76(6): 350-4, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22265376

RESUMO

After being virtually eradicated in Europe, thousands of cases of measles in the population of Spanish origin have appeared in the last 3 years. We describe the cases diagnosed in the north of Madrid between January and June 2011. A total of 22 cases are reported, 18 of them grouped in 2 outbreaks (2 nurseries). The primary attack rate was 29% in the main outbreak. All cases were in unvaccinated patients (median = 14 months). Genotype D4 was predominant (95%). There was a 45% complication rate and 45% were admitted to hospitals. The Public Health Service recommended isolating cases and vaccinating susceptible contacts in advance. Health Centres established a specific protocol to respond to suspected cases. The Measles vaccination has been brought forward from 15 to 12 months in Madrid. Measles is a re-emerging disease in Europe. The coordinated management between public health and health facilities is essential to limiting outbreaks.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana
7.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 68(8): 394-397, sept. 2010. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-83221

RESUMO

Introducción: Desde que en 1980 se publicó la Escala de Boyer, se han propuesto muchas herramientas clínicas para distinguir entre meningitis viral (MV) y meningitis bacteriana(MB). En los últimos años se ha validado el Bacterial Meningitis Score (BMS), instrumento que identifica a los niños con muy bajo riesgo de padecer MB. Nuestro objetivo es determinarla eficacia de la Escala de Boyer modificada con la proteína C reactiva (PCR), y validar en nuestra población pediátrica el BMS. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de los niños de3 meses a 15 años de edad hospitalizados con el diagnóstico de meningitis entre 1994 y 2007. Se aplicó la Escala de Boyer, añadiéndose una puntuación correspondiente a la PCR. La sensibilidad y la especificidad se calcularon en los puntos de corte determinantes para la toma de decisiones (puntuaciones 3 y 5). En el caso del BMS, se valoró su sensibilidad y especificidad a partir del cumplimiento de los criterios de inclusión propuestos por sus autores. Resultados: En total se incluyeron 145 casos, de los cuales46 fueron MB y 99 MV. Se determinó la PCR en 73 de ellos. La modificación de la Escala de Boyer con la PCR aumentó la sensibilidad en el punto de corte 5 de un 83 a un 100%, permaneciendo la sensibilidad en el 100% en ambos casos. En el caso del BMS, el cumplimiento de al menos uno de los cinco criterios de riesgo identificó los casos de MB con una sensibilidad del 100% y una especificidad del 61,22%. Conclusión: Una puntuación de más de 5 en la Escala de Boyer modificada con la PCR identifica de forma precisa los casos de meningitis de etiología bacteriana en nuestro medio. El BMS es muy eficaz para determinar los casos de muy bajo riesgo de MB. La combinación de ambas herramientas resulta muy útil en el manejo de los pacientes con sospecha de meningitis (AU)


Introduction: Since Boyer's Score was published in 1980; many clinical tools have been proposed to distinguish between viral meningitis (VM) and bacterial meningitis (BM). Recently, it has been validated the Bacterial Meningitis Score (BMS), an instrument that identifies children at very low risk of BM. Our objective is to determine the accuracy of Boyer's Score modified with C-reactive protein (CRP) and to validate the BMS in our pediatric population. Methods: A retrospective study analysis of children (aged from 3 months to 15 years) hospitalized with a meningitis diagnosis in our pediatric center between 1994 and 2007. We calculated Boyer's Score and added a punctuation corresponding to CRP. The sensitivity and specificity were estimated in the scores cut off point that determine the taking of decisions (punctuations 3 and 5). We applied the BMS to all children using the inclusion criteria proposed by the authors, and calculated the sensitivity and specificity. Results: Among the 145 cases included, 46 had BM and 99 had VM. CRP was determined in 73 of them. The modification of Boyer's Score with CRP increased the sensibility of punctuation 5 from 83% to 100%; the specificity of this punctuation remained in 100% even if CRP was included or not. In the case of BMS, the fact of presenting at least one of the 5 criteria identified the cases of BM with a sensibility of 100% and a specificity of 61.22%. Conclusion: A punctuation of more than 5 in Boyer's Score modified with CRP identifies with high efficacy the cases of bacterial etiology. The BMS is very accurate for the identification of very low risk cases of BM. The combination of both scales is very useful in the management of patients with suspicion of meningitis ( AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Meningites Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Meningite Viral/diagnóstico , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Estudos Retrospectivos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico Precoce
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA