RESUMO
We have selected a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the specific aim of differentiating European and South Asian ancestries. The SNPs were combined into a 23-plex SNaPshot primer extension assay: Eurasiaplex, designed to complement an existing 34-plex forensic ancestry test with both marker sets occupying well-spaced genomic positions, enabling their combination as single profile submissions to the Bayesian Snipper forensic ancestry inference system. We analyzed the ability of Eurasiaplex plus 34plex SNPs to assign ancestry to a total 1648 profiles from 16 European, 7 Middle East, 13 Central-South Asian and 21 East Asian populations. Ancestry assignment likelihoods were estimated from Snipper using training sets of five-group data (three Eurasian groups, East Asian and African genotypes) and four-group data (Middle East genotypes removed). Five-group differentiations gave assignment success of 91% for NW European populations, 72% for Middle East populations and 39% for Central-South Asian populations, indicating Middle East individuals are not reliably differentiated from either Europeans or Central-South Asians. Four-group differentiations provided markedly improved assignment success rates of 97% for most continental Europeans tested (excluding Turkish and Adygei at the far eastern edge of Europe) and 95% for Central-South Asians, despite applying a probability threshold for the highest likelihood ratio above '100 times more likely'. As part of the assessment of the sensitivity of Eurasiaplex to analyze challenging forensic material we detail Eurasiaplex and 34-plex SNP typing to infer ancestry of a cranium recovered from the sea, achieving 82% SNP genotype completeness. Therefore, Eurasiaplex provides an informative and forensically robust approach to the differentiation of European and South Asian ancestries amongst Eurasian populations.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático/genética , Genética Forense , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , População Branca/genética , Teorema de Bayes , Genótipo , Humanos , Análise de Componente PrincipalRESUMO
El esguince cervical es la patología traumática más frecuente en el ámbito de la valoración médico forense. Se realiza una aproximación a la misma a través de las peritaciones realizadas por 22 médicos forenses de 15 partidos judiciales españoles, sobre un total de 572 lesionados. Se concluye la mayor incidencia en el sexo femenino (57.52%), en el rango de edades entre 21 y 40 años (58%), siendo conductor de un turismo (54.7%) que recibe un golpe posterior (59%). Con un tiempo de sanidad entre los 31 y 90 días (52%), resultando en un mayor porcentaje con secuelas (64,3%), comúnmente SPC o cervicalgia, generalmente (56%) de grado leve
Whiplash is the leading traumatic cause concerning the evaluation in forensic activity. It has been carried out an approximation through the reports done by 22 forensic examiners working in 15 Spanish jurisdictions, over a total amount of 572 injured people. In fact there is a bigger incidence of damage in female gender (57.52%), in the age ranging from 21 to 40 years (58%), driving a car (54.7%), following a rear-end collision (59%). The healing time varies from 31 to 90 days (52%), and mostly with sequels (64.3%), commonly Cervical Post-Traumatic Syndrome or cervical pain, usually (56%) in a low degree