A review on accelerated orthodontics.

When the duration of orthodontic treatment is shortened, the patient may have a number of benefits, including an increase in the number of dental cavities, root resorption, and gingival irritation, all of which are associated to a higher degree of decalcification. In addition to drugs, magnets, and other therapies, they include surgical methods (corticotomies, piezosurgery), mechanical/physical stimulation techniques (vibration, lasers), and other forms of therapy. These methods, each of which has been validated by extensive research, have been shown to reduce treatment times.

Prevalence and determinants of early childhood caries among children enrolled in anganwadi centres in Bhilai of Central India: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC), which results in rapid involvement and progression of several teeth, is a growing concern in preschool children. It directly affects a child's overall health and quality of life. Aim: To assess the prevalence and determinants of ECC among children enrolled in Anganwadi centres in Bhilai city of Chhattisgarh. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 children enrolled in Anganwadi of Bhilai. An oral examination and findings were recorded in 'dmft' using the WHO oral health assessment form for children 2013. The mothers' knowledge, attitude, and practice were determined by a professionally administered 10-item pre-tested short questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha of 0.86. The data were compiled and analysed using Microsoft Excel vs. 2013 and Statistical Package of Social Science (IBM SPSS version 23; Chicago Inc., USA). Results: The prevalence of ECC was 25.83%, out of which 13.33% in boys and 12.50% in girls. Children of middle school-educated mothers have 35.48% ECC, followed by high school and primary school, that is, 24.73 and 23.66, respectively. Mothers who assisted the children in tooth brushing have less prevalence of ECC (8.15%) as compared to non-assisted (17.8%) (P = 0.044). Conclusion: Although mothers' knowledge was appreciable regarding reasons for tooth decay, still 1/4th of the children were found to be affected by ECC. This necessitates the importance of regular/periodic screening campaigns for the children, implementing institutional preventive programmes, and referral for children to secondary/tertiary healthcare centres.

In vivo Comparison of Crestal Bone Heights Following Implant Placement with "Flapless" and "Flap" Techniques in the Sites of Early Loaded Implants.

PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the difference in crestal bone loss (CBL) around implants with flap and flapless methods followed by early loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty implants were placed in twenty patients - ten using flap and ten using flapless techniques. The difference in CBL was measured on standardized digital periapical radiograph taken at 0 week, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months. RESULTS: The present study showed the mean CBL on proximal surfaces when evaluated at intervals of 0 week, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months for flapless method was significantly lower than with flap method the values of which were +0.07 mm against +0.26 mm on mesial side and +0.15 mm against +0.33 mm on distal side at 6 months. CONCLUSION: The flapless approach is a predictable procedure when patient selection and surgical technique are appropriate, and results in lesser CBL.

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Types of Fluoride on Tensile Properties and Surface Roughness of Different Titanium-Based Archwires: An In vivo Study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of different types of fluoride on tensile properties and surface roughness of titanium based archwires clinically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three groups of archwires, namely nickel-titanium (NiTi), heat activated NiTi, and TMA was evaluated clinically. Each group comprised four subgroups, namely as received group, nonfluoride control group, APF gel group (received one application of 1.23% APF gel), and sodium fluoride mouthwash group (patients rinsed twice daily with 0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash). All the archwires were removed after 3 weeks of clinical use and evaluated for surface roughness with three dimensional optical profiler. Tensile strength and elongation rate was determined with Instron universal testing machine. RESULTS: NiTi, heat activated NiTi, and TMA archwires with APF gel application showed the highest reduction in tensile strength and elongation rate and highest value for surface roughness, followed by sodium fluoride mouthwash group and finally wires without fluoride application. NiTi wires had the highest reduction in tensile strength with APF gel followed by heat activated NiTi and TMA. CONCLUSION: APF gel with highest concentration of fluoride caused most degradation in the tensile properties and surface roughness of titanium based arch wires.

Efficacy of omega 3 fatty acid as an adjunct in the management of chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: : Periodontitis is conventionally treated with both surgical and nonsurgical methods. Various adjuncts have been used previously with compromised efficacy. Recently omega-3(ώ-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were shown to have therapeutic anti-inflammatory and protective actions in inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of ώ-3 fatty acids as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis. METHODS: 110 Patients were selected for the study out of which 20 were excluded (12 not meeting the inclusion criteria and 8 refused to participate). 90 patients (48 in test and 42 in the control group) after randomisation through a coin toss method were enrolled in a single-blind randomised controlled trial conducted in the Periodontics department of a dental college. Full mouth subgingival scaling and root planing and ώ-3 fatty acid 500 mg (EPA/DHA 180/120 mg), BD daily for 1 month was given to the test group and subgingival scaling and root planing only was given to the control group. Clinical parameters like probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and gingival index were recorded at baseline, 1 and 3 months and were compared. RESULTS: Statistical analyses demonstrated a significant reduction in probing pocket depth (t = 65.56, P = 0.000) and (t = 51.69, P = 0.000) at 1 and 3 months, respectively, in test group compared to baseline and control group. There was a significant gain in clinical attachment level (t = 63.29, P = 0.000) and (t = 31.03, P = 0.000) at 1 and 3 months, respectively, in test group compared to baseline and control group. The gingival index shows an appreciable reduction in both groups, and in test group, it is statistically significant at 3 months (t = 2.15, P = 0.03). There was no statistical significant reduction in plaque index at 3 months (t = 0, P = 0.997). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that adjunctive use of ώ-3 fatty acids proved to be beneficial over scaling and root planing alone in the treatment of chronic moderate periodontitis. The beneficial effects were in terms of significant improvements in clinical parameters, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level and gingival index. Dietary modulation is now emerging as an adjunct to periodontal therapy. Hence, omega-3 fatty acid may be used routinely in the management of chronic periodontitis.