Mechanism of Shikonin on spinal cord injury in rats based on TNFR/RIPK1 pathway / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of shikonin on the recovery of nerve function after acute spinal cord injury(SCI) in rats.@*METHODS@#96 male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into 4 groups randomly:sham operation group (Group A), sham operation+shikonin group (Group B), SCI+ DMSO(Group C), SCI+shikonin group (Group D).The acute SCI model of rats was made by clamp method in groups C and D . After subdural catheterization, no drug was given in group A. rats in groups B and D were injected with 100 mg·kg-1 of shikonin through catheter 30 min after modeling, and rats in group C were given with the same amount of DMSO, once a day until the time point of collection tissue. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB) scores were performed on 8 rats in each group at 6, 12, and 3 d after moneling, and oblique plate tests were performed on 1, 3, 7 and 14 d after modeling, and then spinal cord tissues were collected. Eight rats were intraperitoneally injected with propidine iodide(PI) 1 h before sacrificed to detection PI positive cells at 24 h in each group. Eight rats were sacrificed in each group at 24 h after modeling, the spinal cord injury was observed by HE staining.The Nissl staining was used to observe survivor number of nerve cells. Western-blot technique was used to detect the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein and apoptosis related protein RIPK1.@*RESULTS@#After modeling, BBB scores were normal in group A and B, but in group C and D were significantly higher than those in group A and B. And the scores in group D were higher than those in group C in each time point (P<0.05). At 12 h after modeling, the PI red stained cells in group D were significantly reduced compared with that in group C, and the disintegration of neurons was alleviated(P<0.05). HE and Nissl staining showed nerve cells with normal morphology in group A and B at 24h after operation. The degree of SCI and the number of neuronal survival in group D were better than those in group C, the difference was statistically significant at 24h (P<0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 and RIPK1 proteins was very low in group A and B;The expression of RIPK1 was significantly increased in Group C and decreased in Group D, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05);The expression of Bcl-2 protein in group D was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Shikonin can alleviate the pathological changes after acute SCI in rats, improve the behavioral score, and promote the recovery of spinal nerve function. The specific mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TNFR/RIPK1 signaling pathway mediated necrotic apoptosis.

Mechanism of Yi-xin-yin oral liquid according to homotherapy for heteropathy theory based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To predict the core targets and related signaling pathways of Yi-xin-yin oral liquid for the treatment of arrhythmia, heart failure and myocarditis based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking methods, cell experiments, according to the“homotherapy for heteropathy”theory in traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS: UHPLC-Q-TOF / MS was used to analyze and identify the chemical composition of Yi-xin-yin oral liquid Extract and the blood-absorbing components of rats oral administrated with Yi-xin-yin oral liquid extract, which compounds were applied in the databases searching for the potential targets (TCMSP, SwissTargetPrediction) and disease targets (OMIM, Genecard). Venn diagram was used for target intersection, and the subsequent protein-protein interaction network obtained core targets by STRING11.5 database, and then construct a "disease-component-target" network by cytoscape3.9.0. Finally, DAVID database was used to analysis GO function and KEGG enrichment analysis of core targets, and molecular docking validation was performed using Autodock vina software. And, validated with H9c2 cells for potential active ingredients and targets. RESULTS: A total of 156 compounds were identified from Yi - xin-yin Oral Liquid extract; 34 compounds were identified from rat serum, including 6-gin-gerol, isoliquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid and other compounds, and 139 intersecting targets were obtained. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly involved the TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and so on. The TNF and IL-6 targets were selected for molecular docking with the main compounds, and the docking results were good (less than -5 kcal/mol). In vitro cellular experiments have shown that Yi-xin-yin oral liquid can exert therapeutic effects by regulating TNF and IL-6. CONCLUSION: The main potential active ingredients of Yi-xin-yin oral liquid may be isoliquiritigenin, glycyrrhetinic acid, calycosin-7-glucoside, salvianolic acid B, and 6-gingerol, which mainly act on TNF, IL-6 and other targets to regulate specific signaling pathways and exert therapeutic effects.

Visual analysis of clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs in China by bibliometric analysis / 药学实践与服务

Objective To analyze the research status and predict the development trend of clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs in China, and to provide reference for clinical comprehensive evaluation. Methods CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database were used to search the published articles of clinical comprehensive evaluation. Literature searching was set from the building time of the database to 2022, the basic information about the published articles was obtained for the evaluation of the literature quality. Bibliometrics and CiteSpace 6.1.R3 software were used to visualize the research authors, research institutions, and key words. Results After data screening, a total of 126 Chinese published articles were selected. The analysis showed that the numbers of published articles were rising continuously, and China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Xie Yanming were the institute and the author with the maximum number of literatures, respectively. Conclusion The clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs was conducted based on the clinical value of drugs, guided by the policy requirements. It is suggested that researchers should conduct the comprehensive evaluation according to the focus and requirements of government agencies, the pharmaceutical industry and the clinical applications.

Integrated transcriptome and methylome analyses reveal the molecular regulation of drought stress in wild strawberry (Fragaria nilgerrensis).

BACKGROUND: Fragaria nilgerrensis, which is a diploid wild strawberry with excellent drought-resistance, would provide useful candidate genes for improving drought resistance of cultivated strawberry. So far, its molecular regulatory networks involved in drought stress are unclear. We therefore investigated the drought response regulatory networks of F. nilgerrensis based on the integrated analysis of DNA methylation, transcriptome and physiological traits during four time points under drought stress.  RESULTS: The most differentially expressed genes and the physiological changes were found at 8 days (T8) compared with 0 day (T0, control). Methylome analysis revealed slight dynamic changes in genome-wide mC levels under drought conditions, while the most hypomethylated and hypermethylated regions were identified at T4 and T8. Association analysis of the methylome and transcriptome revealed that unexpressed genes exhibited expected hypermethylation levels in mCHG and mCHH contexts, and highly expressed genes exhibited corresponding hypomethylation levels in the gene body, but mCG contexts showed the opposite trend. Then, 835 differentially methylated and expressed genes were identified and grouped into four clustering patterns to characterize their functions. The genes with either negative or positive correlation between methylation and gene expression were mainly associated with kinases, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) synthesis, scavenging, and the abscisic acid (ABA) signal pathway. Consistently, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed Hub genes including NCED, CYP707A2, PP2Cs and others that play important roles in the ABA signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: F. nilgerrensis drought is dominated by ABA-dependent pathways, possibly accompanied by ABA-independent crosstalk. DNA methylation may affect gene expression, but their correlation was more subtle and multiple types of association exist. Maintaining the balance between ROS regeneration and scavenging is an important factor in drought resistance in F. nilgerrensis. These results deepen our understanding of drought resistance and its application in breeding in strawberry plants.

Identification of chemical constituents and blood-absorbed ingredients of FeiPi QiXu decoction by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS / 药学实践与服务

Objective To identify the chemical constituents and blood-absorbed ingredients of FeiPi QiXu decoction, and provide reference for clarifying the material basis of its efficacy. Methods An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was applied to analyze the data of FeiPi QiXu decoction extraction and the serum samples of SD rats after oral administration. The chemical constituents and blood-absorbed ingredients were quickly identified by chemical reference substance, self-built mass spectrometry database, MSFINDER database and the relevant literature. Results A total of 56 chemical constituents were identified from Feiqi Deficiency Decoction, mainly were flavonoids, triterpenoids and phenols. Most of the compounds came from Radix Astragali praeparata cum melle, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Poria and Codonopsis Radix. 11 prototype compounds were identified in the serum, including Formononetin, Astragaloside IV and Neohesperidin. Conclusion This study comprehensively clarified the chemical composition and source of medicinal materials, and preliminarily analyzed its blood-absorbed ingredients, which could provide a scientific basis for further study on the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of FeiPi QiXu decoction.

Diversity-oriented synthesis of marine sponge derived hyrtioreticulins and their anti-inflammatory activities / 中国天然药物

Diversity-oriented synthesis is aimed to increase the chemical diversity of target natural products for extensive biological activity evaluation. Indole ring is an important functional group in a large number of drugs and other biologically active agents, and indole-containing natural products have been frequently isolated from marine sources in recent years. In this paper, a series of indole-containing marine natural hyrtioreticulin derivatives, including 19 new ones, were designed, synthesized through a key Pictet-Spengler reaction, and evaluated for their inflammation related activity. Compound 13b displayed the most promising activity by inhibiting TNF-α cytokine release with an inhibitory rate of 92% at a concentration of 20 μmol·L-1. A preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis was also discussed. This research may throw light on the discovery of marine indole alkaloid derived anti-inflammatory drug leads.

Dynamic Changes of DNA Methylation During Wild Strawberry (Fragaria nilgerrensis) Tissue Culture.

Tissue culture is an important tool for asexual propagation and genetic transformation of strawberry plants. In plant tissue culture, variation of DNA methylation is a potential source of phenotypic variation in regenerated plants. However, the genome wide dynamic methylation patterns of strawberry tissue culture remain unclear. In this study, we used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to study genomic DNA methylation changes of a wild strawberry Fragaria nilgerrensis at six stages: from explants of shoot tips to outplanting and acclimation. Global methylation levels showed that CG sites exhibited the highest methylation level in all stages with an average of 49.5%, followed by CHG (33.2%) and CHH (12.4%). Although CHH accounted for the lowest proportion of total cytosine methylation, it showed the most obvious methylation change and the most of these changes occurred in the transposable element regions. The overall methylation levels alternately decreased and increased during the entire tissue culture process and the distribution of DNA methylation was non-uniform among different genetic regions. Furthermore, much more differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were detected in dedifferentiation and redifferentiation stages and most of them were transposable elements, suggesting these processes involved activating or silencing of amounts of transposons. The functional enrichment of the DMR-related genes indicated that genes involved in hormone metabolic processes, plant development and the stress response changed methylation throughout the tissue culture process. Finally, the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to examine the association of methylation and gene expression of a set of different methylated genes. Our findings give deeper insight into the epigenetic regulation of gene expression during the plant tissue cultures process, which will be useful in the efficient control of somaclonal variations and in crop improvement.

Stability study and manufacture process optimization for Zhibai Anshen oral liquid / 药学实践杂志

Objective To optimize the manufacture process for Zhibai Anshen oral liquid. Methods The orthogonal designed experiments were conducted to monitor the effects of three factors on the content of mangiferin. The three factors included the amount of water, extraction time and alcohol precipitation concentration. Six month accelerated stability study and twelve month long term stability study were performed. Results Optimum percolation process was boiling the mixture with 10 times of water for 1 hour, followed by deposition with 60% alcohol. Conclusion This optimized process can be used for mass production.

A novel SIRT6 activator ameliorates neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury

Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide with limited medications and neuroinflammation was recognized as a critical player in the progression of stroke, but how to control the overactive neuroinflammation is still a long-standing challenge. Here, we designed a novel SIRT6 activator MDL-811 which remarkably inhibited inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and primary mouse microglia, which were abolished by silencing SIRT6. RNA-seq screening identified the forkhead box C1 (

A novel PGAM5 inhibitor LFHP-1c protects blood-brain barrier integrity in ischemic stroke

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage after ischemia significantly influences stroke outcome. Compound LFHP-1c was previously discovered with neuroprotective role in stroke model, but its mechanism of action on protection of BBB disruption after stroke remains unknown. Here, we show that LFHP-1c, as a direct PGAM5 inhibitor, prevented BBB disruption after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats. Mechanistically, LFHP-1c binding with endothelial PGAM5 not only inhibited the PGAM5 phosphatase activity, but also reduced the interaction of PGAM5 with NRF2, which facilitated nuclear translocation of NRF2 to prevent BBB disruption from ischemia. Furthermore, LFHP-1c administration by targeting PGAM5 shows a trend toward reduced infarct volume, brain edema and neurological deficits in nonhuman primate

Clinical Observation on Shiwei Wendantang in Treating Post-ischemic Stroke Depression of Heart and Gallbladder Qi Deficiency Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Shiwei Wendantang on post-ischemic stroke depression of heart and gallbladder Qi deficiency syndrome. Method:The 80 patients with post-ischemic stroke depression of heart and gallbladder Qi deficiency syndrome were divided into two groups by random number table. 40 cases in control group received oral administration of antidepressant Paroxetine, 20 mg·d-1, and 40 cases in observation group received Shiwei Wendantang, 1 dose/day. The treatment course was 4 weeks in both groups. The clinical efficacy, hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17) score, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine (Hcy) level, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome score and quality of life score of two groups were observed and compared. Result:After treatment, the curative effect of observation group was better than that of the control group (Z=-2.104，P<0.05), and the total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than that of control group（χ2 =5.00，P<0.05）. After treatment, the scores of each factor of HAMD-17 scale in observation group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the scores of factors of HAMD-17 scale in the control group were also significantly decreased (P<0.05) except despair and anxiety. The decrease of scores in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the values of serum CRP and Hcy in two groups were decreased significantly (P<0.01）,and the values of serum CRP and Hcy in observation group were also decreased significantly (P<0.01）.After treatment, the scores of TCM syndromes in observation group were decreased significantly (P<0.01）， while in control group, only the score of urination was significantly decreased（P<0.05）. The scores of quality of life in observation group were all significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.01）. The scores of SF-36 Health Survey Form in the control group were significantly decreased except for energy and social function (P<0.05). The scores of physical function, physical intelligence, physical pain, social function, and mental health in observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion:As compared with the conventional western medicine treatment, the application of Shiwei Wendantang in the treatment of post-ischemic stroke depression of heart and gallbladder Qi deficiency syndrome, can further reduce the degree of depression of patients, improve the symptoms of depression, and improve the quality of life, with more significant clinical efficacy and comprehensive effect.

Effects of leptin on norepinephrine in acute ischemic stroke.

Stroke is a multifactorial disease and a consequence of morbidities of diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and heart diseases. Leptin is a major adipokine that regulates weight balance and energy homeostasis, the level of which has been considered as an indicator of acute ischemic stroke. In the present study, we confirmed the high level of leptin and noradrenaline in stroke patients and mouse models as well as oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) primary cerebral neurons. Leptin administration increased noradrenaline concentration and dopamine ß-monooxygenase (DBH) but decreased noradrenaline transporter (NET) expression in primary cerebral neurons. Moreover, induced noradrenaline concentration, DBH activity, and inhibited NET were blunted by TG101348 (JAK2 inhibitor). JAK2 silencing also abolished the effects of leptin on noradrenaline metabolism.

Broussonin E suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages via inhibiting MAPK pathway and enhancing JAK2-STAT3 pathway / 中国天然药物

Macrophages play an important role in inflammation, and excessive and chronic activation of macrophages leads to systemic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper, we explored the anti-inflammatory effect of broussonin E, a novel phenolic compound isolated from the barks ofBroussonetia kanzinoki, and its underlying molecular mechanisms. We discovered that Broussonin E could suppress the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory production in RAW264.7 cells, involving TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS. And broussonin E enhanced the expressions of anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10, CD206 and arginase-1 (Arg-1) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Further, we demonstrated that broussonin E inhibited the LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK. Moreover, we found that broussonin E could activate janus kinase (JAK) 2, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3. Downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors by broussonin E were abolished by using the inhibitor of JAK2-STAT3 pathway, WP1066. Taken together, our results showed that broussonin E could suppress inflammation by modulating macrophages activation statevia inhibiting the ERK and p38 MAPK and enhancing JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, and can be further developed as a promising drug for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis.

Preliminary application of multiple parameters spectral CT in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of spectral CT with multiple parameters on the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Methods The data of 22 patients with spectral CT enhanced scan were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into two groups:ovarian cancer group (n=11)and benign tumor group (n=11),according to the pathologic results.CT values at 40 keV,iodine concentration (IC),water concentration(WC)and spectral curve slope (λHU)of arterial phase and venous phase in the tumors of two groups were measured with gemstone spectral imaging(GSI)post-processing software.The independent samples t test was used to compare these multiple parameters above between two groups.Interobserver agreement with regard to various parameters was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa . For the parameters which showed statistically different,the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were further generated to calculate their diagnostic effectiveness respectively.Results CT values at 40 keV,IC andλHUmeasured in arterial and venous phases were higher in ovarian cancer group than those in benign tumor group.There were significant differences between these two groups(P<0.05). While WC had no significant difference in these two groups (P>0.05).Interobserver agreement with regard to various parameters was excellent (Kappa>0.80).CT values at 40 keV,IC andλHUhad high effectiveness on the diagnosis of ovarian cancer according to ROC curves.The optimal parameter among them was IC in arterial phase with AUC of 0.90.Using 10.92 (100 μg/cm3)as a threshold value,the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis were 90.9% and 90.9%.Conclusion Spectral CT with multiple parameters,including CT values at 40 keV,IC and λHUhave significant differences between benign and malignant ovarian tumors.IC in arterial phase has the highest effectiveness on the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Inhibitory mechanism of timosaponin B-Ⅱagainst proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the inhibitory mechanism of timosaponin B-Ⅱ against the proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cell lines BGC-823 and MGC-803. Methods BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells were treated with timosaponin B-Ⅱ (50 ng/mL) for 48 h, and the mRNA and protein expressions of scavenger receptor A5 (SCARA5) were measured by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. The binding site of hsa-miRNA-766-3p in SCARA5 gene 3′UTR was predicted by bioinformatics, and was validated by luciferase report assay. After transfecting with hsa-miRNA-766-3p mimic or siRNA-SCARA5 for 24 h, the BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells were treated with timosaponin B-Ⅱ(50 ng/mL) for 48 h. The relative levels of hsamiRNA-766-3p and SCARA5 protein expression were detected by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. The proliferation and migration abilities of cells were determined by MTT. Results The expressions of SCARA5 protein in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells treated with timosaponin B-Ⅱ (50 ng/mL) for 48 h were significantly increased versus the control group (P0.01), while no significant difference was found in relative mRNA level of SCARA5 between the timosaponin B-Ⅱ treated cell group and the control group (P0.05). Compared with transfection of reporter gene expression vector alone group, the luciferase activity was significantly inhibited or enhanced in the cells co-transfected with hsa-miRNA-766-3p mimic or hsa-miRNA-766-3p inhibitor and wild-type luciferase reporter gene (P0.05, P0.01). No change was observed between the cells co-transfected with hsa-miRNA-766-3p mimic or hsa-miRNA-766-3p inhibitor and mutant-type luciferase reporter gene expression vector and the cells transfected with reporter gene expression vector alone (P0.05). Hsa-miRNA-766-3p levels were significantly decreased and SCARA5 protein expressions were significantly increased in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells treated with 50 ng/mL timosaponin B-Ⅱ (P0.01). Compared with the timosaponin B-Ⅱ treatment group, hsa-miRNA-766-3p levels were significantly increased and SCARA5 protein expressions were significantly decreased in the BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells of the hsa-miRNA-766-3p mimic transfection＋ timosaponin B-Ⅱ treatment group (P0.01). There were no differences in the hsa-miRNA-766-3p levels between the hsa-miRNA-766-3p mimic transfection＋timosaponin B-Ⅱtreatment group and the timosaponin B-Ⅱ treatment group (P0.05), but SCARA5 protein expressions were significantly decreased (P0.01). Compared with cell control group and vehicle control group, the proliferation and migration abilities of BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells were significantly inhibited by timosaponin B-Ⅱ (P0.01). Compared with the timosaponin B-Ⅱ treatment group, the proliferation and migration abilities of BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells were significantly increased in the siRNA-SCARA5 transfection＋timosaponin B-Ⅱ treatment group (P0.01). Conclusion Timosaponin B-Ⅱ can inhibit the proliferation and migration of BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells via suppressing hsamiRNA-766-3p and upregulating the target gene SCARA5.

Application progresses of intra-voxel incoherent motion in evaluation of rectal cancer / 中国医学影像技术

The incidence of rectal cancer gradually increased in our country in recent years.Preoperative imaging methods are used to accurately display the lesions of rectal cancer,providing accurate quantitative diagnostic information,therefore being important to formulate reasonable and individualized therapy clinically.Intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) is a multi parameter imaging technology.IVIM can provide the diffusion and perfusion information from the molecular level.Theoretically,the microstructure information of internal rectal cancer cell density and the vascular density,and the tumor cell metabolism can be displayed quantitatively with IVIM imaging,which can reflect the heterogeneity of the tumor and its degree during different periods.The application status and the future development of IVIM technique in management of rectal cancer were reviewed in this article.

Effects of two different tranexamic acid administration methods on perioperative blood loss in total hip arthroplasty: study protocol for a prospective, open-label,randomized, controlled clinical trial / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Reducing perioperative blood loss in total hip arthroplasty is a hot topic for joint surgeons. Both intravenous infusion and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid significantly reduce perioperative blood loss, blood transfusion volume, and need for blood transfusion in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. However, differences between the intravenous and intra-articular methods are not clear.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of these two tranexamic acid administration methods on perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.METHODS: We are conducting a prospective, single-center, open-label, randomized, controlled clinical trial at the Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, China. Ninety patients undergoing unilateral total hip arthroplasty have been randomized into three groups. In the intravenous infusion group (n=30), 15 mg/kg tranexamic acid diluted in 100 mL physiological saline was infused intravenously at the beginning of surgery and 20 mL of physiological saline was injected intra-articularly after deep fascia suturing. In the intra-articular injection group (n=30), 100 mL of physiological saline was infused intravenously at the beginning of surgery and a mixture of 1.5 g tranexamic acid and 20 mL physiological saline was injected intra-articularly after deep fascia suturing. In the control group (n=30), 100 mL of physiological saline was infused intravenously at the beginning of surgery and 20 mL of physiological saline was injected intra-articularly after deep fascia suturing. The primary outcome is hidden blood loss at 1 and 3 days postoperatively. The secondary outcomes are visible blood loss, need for blood transfusion, and mean blood transfusion volume intraoperatively and on days 1 and 3 postoperatively. Other outcomes are the incidence of adverse reactions and complications within 3 months of surgery. The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Tengzhou Central People's Hospital of China, approval number 2015-026. All protocols will be performed in accordance with the Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was provided by each patient and their family members after they indicated that they fully understood the treatment plan.DISCUSSION: This trial was designed in April 2015. Cases were collected in July 2015. Data analysis will be finished in December 2017. This study is designed to investigate the effects of intravenous infusion versus intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid on perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty to determine the more effective mode of administration.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on expression of antisense hypoxia-inducible factor-1α during brain injury after asphyxial cardiac arrest and resuscitation in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the expression of antisense hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (aHIF-1α) during brain injury after asphyxial cardiac arrest and resuscitation in rats.Methods Twenty-four pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-280 g,were divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),cardiac arrest and resuscitation group (group R) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Asphyxial cardiac arrest and resuscitation were performed in R and D groups.The rats were tracheally intubated without clipping the trachea in group S.Dexmedetomidine 4 μg/kg was injected via the tail vein at 5 min before clipping the trachea in group D,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and R groups.Neurological deficit was assessed and scored (NDS) at 12,24,48 and 72 h after recovery of spontaneous circulation (T1 4).The rats were sacrificed after assessing neurological deficit at T4,brains were removed and hippocampi were isolated for determination of cell apoptosis (by TUNEL),HIF-1α expression (by Western blot) and expression of HIF-1α and aHIF-1α mRNA in hippocampal tissues (using polymerase chain reaction).Apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the NDS at each time point and apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons at T4 were significantly increased,and the expression of HIF-1α protein and mRNA and 5'aHIF-1α mRNA was up-regulated in R and D groups (P＜O.05).Compared with group R,the NDS at T2.4 and apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons at T4 were significantly decreased,the expression of 5'aHIF-1α mRNA was down-regulated,and the expression of HIF-1α protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces brain injury after asphyxial cardiac arrest and resuscitation is related to down-regulation of 5'aHIF-1α expression in rats.

Stature estimation from the average length of clavicle by using computed tomography-volume rendering technique images of Sichuan Hans population / 中国法医学杂志

Objective The purpose of this study is to estimate the body height of Sichuan Hans population by CT-VRT images of clavicle and to update the data of Stature estimation. Methods Three hundred individual CT-VRT images of clavicle were selected. The length of both side clavicles was measured and then the average clavicle length (ACL),the left clavicle length(LCL),the right clavicle length(RCL)was calculated as independent variable to establish the regression equations. The gender difference was tested by ANOVA and the correlation between the clavicle and the body height was tested by Pearson. Result The correlation between the ACL, LCL, RCL and the body height was normal in both genders (0.534 in male ACL and 0.707in female ACL; 0.484 in male LCL, 0.680in femaleLCL;0.523 in male RCL, 0.695 in female RCL). The test of accuracy showed MAD=4.48cm in the male ACL simple linear regression model and MAD=3.51cm in the female ACL simple linear regression model; MAD=4.60cm in the male LCL model, MAD=3.64cm in the female LCL simple linear regression model; MAD=4.49cm in the male RCL model, MAD=3.59cm in the female RCL model. Conclusion The regression equations derided from clavicle on the basis of CT-VRT images in this study can be used to estimate stature for Sichuan Hans population. But the R2 values were small, so it's better to combine other bone for stature estimation.

Research on quality standard of Santeng oral solution / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish the quality standard of Santeng oral solution.Method Sargentodoxa Caulis and Spatholobi Caulis were identified by thin layer chromatography.Chlorogenic acid was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography.The chromatographic column is Agilent Zorbax SB C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a stable temperature of 35 ℃.The mobile phase in isocratic elution consists of acetonitrile and 0.1% folic acid aqueous solution with a preliminary volume ratio of 9∶91.The flow rate is 1.0 ml/min with an injection volume of 20 μl.Results Thin layer chromatography showed distinct spots of Sargentodoxa Caulis and Spatholobi Caulis with a great specificity.A regression formula Y=60.14X-6.37(r>0.999 9) was obtained with a good linearity in concentration range of 2.70~202.50 μg/ml.Conclusion A simple, stable and repeatable method was established for the quality control of Santeng oral solution.